Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Formulation and evaluation of intimate wash containing manuka oil and salix bark extract

Year 2022, Volume: 26 Issue: 5, 1252 - 1260, 28.06.2025

Abstract

Most of the feminine hygiene products sold in the market contain heavy chemicals that damage the
mucosa. The well-designed intim formulation cleans without damage, supports the flora, protects against dryness, and
maintenances of balanced microflora. For this purpose, we designed formulations made with natural raw materials
such as manuka oil and Salix alba bark extract and investigated their irritation potential and effectiveness. A healthy
vagina is dominated by Lactobacillus that produces lactic acid, resulting in a characteristic acidic environment (pH 3–
4), as it correlates with vaginal health by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and may also play a part in local immune
defense. This new manuka oil- salix bark extract containing wash formulation was specifically formulated to achieve a
formulation pH of 4.6-4.8 to be compatible with the normal skin pH range and to help maintain vulvovaginal skin
homeostasis and provide protection against harmful bacteria. The formulation we designed was used by volunteers for
4 weeks and was found suitable in terms of gentle clean, refreshing feeling, shooting the skin, smell and irritation
properties. None of the volunteers have experienced any side effects during product application. Our study findings
further support other studies that have found that women who use intim wash attitudes and perceptions about hygiene.

References

  • [1] Chen Y, Bruning E, Rubino J, Eder SE. Role of female intimate hygiene in vulvovaginal health: Global hygiene practices and product usage. Womens Health. 2017; 13 (3):58-67. [CrossRef]
  • [2] Arab H, Almadani L, Tahlak M, Chawla M, Ashouri M, Tehranian A, Ghasemi A, Taheripanah, Gulyaf M, Khalil A, Haddad E. The Middle East and Central Asia guidelines on female genital hygiene. BMJ Middle East 2011. 19: 99– 106.
  • [3] Farage MA, Maibach HI. Tissue structure and physiology of the vulva. In: Farage MA, Maibach HI. (eds) The vulva: anatomy, physiology and pathology. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2016, pp. 9–26.
  • [4] Britz MB, Maibach HI. Human cutaneous vulvar reactivity to irritants. Contact Dermatitis 1979; 5(6): 375–377. [CrossRef]
  • [5] Elsner P, Wilhelm D, Maibach HI. Effect of low-concentration sodium lauryl sulfate on human vulvar and forearm skin. Age-related differences. J Reprod Med. 1991; 36(1): 77–81.
  • [6] Elsner P, Wilhelm D, Maibach HI. Sodium lauryl sulfate-induced irritant contact dermatitis in vulvar and forearm skin of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1990; 23(4 Pt 1): 648–652. [CrossRef]
  • [7] Farage MA. Vulvar susceptibility to contact irritants and allergens: a review. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2005; 272(2): 167– 172. [CrossRef]
  • [8] Wakashin K. Sanitary napkin contact dermatitis of the vulva: location-dependent differences in skin surface conditions may play a role in negative patch test results. J Dermatol. 2007; 34(12): 834–837. [CrossRef]
  • [9] Lambers H, Piessens S, Bloem A, Pronk H, Finkel P. Natural skin surface pH is on average below 5, which is beneficial for its resident flora. Int J Cosmet Sci. 2006; 28(5): 359–370. [CrossRef]
  • [10] O’Hanlon DE, Moench TR, Cone RA. Vaginal pH and microbicidal lactic acid when lactobacilli dominate the microbiota. PLoS One 2013; 8(11): e80074. [CrossRef]
  • [11] Farage MA, Bramante M. Genital hygiene: culture, practices, and health impact. In: Farage MA, Maibach HI. (eds) The vulva: anatomy, physiology and pathology. New York: Informa Healthcare, 2006, pp. 183–216.
  • [12] Mathew C, Tesfaye W, Rasmussen P, Peterson GM, Bartholomaeus A, Sharma M, Thomas J. Mānuka oil-A review of antimicrobial and other medicinal properties. Pharmaceuticals 2020; 13(11): 343. [CrossRef]
  • [13] Singh DP, Moore CA, Gilliland A, Carr, JP. Activation of multiple antiviral defence mechanisms by salicylic acid. Mol Plant Pathol. 2004; 5: 57–63. [CrossRef]
  • [14] Wood JN. From plant extract to molecular panacea: A commentary on stone (1763) 'An Account of the success of the Bark of the Willow in the Cure of the Agues'. Phil Trans R Soc London B Biol Sci. 2015; 370: 20140317. [CrossRef]
  • [15] Quosdorf S, Schuetz, Kolodziej, H. Different inhibitory potencies of oseltamivir carboxylate, zanamivir, and several tannins on bacterial and viral neuraminidases as assessed in a cell-free fluorescence-based enzyme inhibition assay. Molecules. 2017; 22(11): 1989. [CrossRef]
  • [16] Yan B, Chen ZS, H, Y, Yong Q. Insight in the recent application of polyphenols from biomass. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2021: 9; 753898. [CrossRef]
  • [17] Saracila M, Tabuc C, Panaite TD, Papuc CP, Olteanu M, Criste RD. Effect of the dietary willow bark extract (Salix alba) on the caecal microbial population of broilers (14-28 days) reared at 32˚C. Life Agriculture Conf. Proc. 2018;1 (1):155–161.
  • [18] Tienaho J, Reshamwala D, Sarjala T, Kilpeläinen P, Liimatainen J, Dou J, Viherä-Aarnio A, Linnakoski R, Marjomäki V, Jyske T. Salix spp. bark hot water extracts show antiviral, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities-the bioactive properties of 16 clones. Front Bioeng Biotech. 2021; 9: 797939. [CrossRef]
  • [19] Witkin SS. The vaginal microbiome, vaginal anti-microbial defence mechanisms and the clinical challenge ofreducing infection-related preterm birth. BJOG Int J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015; 122: 213–218. [CrossRef]
  • [20] Lee SH, Jeong SK, Ahn SK. An update of the defensive barrier function of skin. Yonsei Med J. 2006; 47:293–306. [CrossRef]
  • [21] Saba MA,Yosipovitch G. Skin pH: From basic science to basic skin care. Acta Derm Venereol. 2013; 93:261–267. [CrossRef]
  • [22] Bahamondes MV, Portugal PM, Brolazo EM, Simoes JA, Bahamondes L. Use of a lactic acid plus lactoserum intimate liquid soap for external hygiene in the prevention of bacterial vaginosis recurrence after metronidazole oral treatment. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2011; 57: 415–420. [CrossRef]
  • [23] Bruning E, Chen Y, McCue KA, Rubino JR, Wilkinson JE, Brown ADG. A 28 day clinical assessment of a lactic acidcontaining antimicrobial intimate gel wash formulation on skin tolerance and impact on the vulvar microbiome. Antibiotics. 2020; 9(2):55. [CrossRef]
  • [24] Nilsson F. PhD Thesis. Alkylglucosides: Physical-chemical properties. Physical Chemistry Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden, 1998.
  • [25] Gijbels D, Timmermans A, Serrano P, Verreycken E, Goossens A. Allergic contact dermatitis caused by alkyl glucosides. Contact Dermatitis. 2014;70(3):175-182. [CrossRef]
  • [26] Grimley DM, Annang L, Foushee HR, Bruce FC, Kendrick JS. Vaginal douches and other feminine hygiene products: Women's practices and perceptions of product safety. Matern Child Health J. 2006;10(3):303-310. [CrossRef]
  • [27] Foch BJ, McDaniel ND, Chacko MR. Racial differences in vaginal douching knowledge, attitude, and practices among sexually active adolescents. J Ped Adol Gynecol. 2001;14:29–33. [CrossRef]
  • [28] Ness RB, Hillier SL, Richter HE, Soper DE, Stamm C, BassDC, Sweet RL, Rice P, Downs J, Aral SO. Why women douche and why they may or may not stop. Sex Trans Dis. 2003;30:71–74. [CrossRef]
  • [29] Gedik G. Evaluation of the relationship between the gel eyeliner and ocular comfort. Value Health Sci.2022; 12(1): 108-114. [CrossRef]
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pharmaceutical Delivery Technologies
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gülşah Gedik 0000-0003-4147-6729

Publication Date June 28, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 26 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Gedik, G. (2025). Formulation and evaluation of intimate wash containing manuka oil and salix bark extract. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 26(5), 1252-1260.
AMA Gedik G. Formulation and evaluation of intimate wash containing manuka oil and salix bark extract. J. Res. Pharm. June 2025;26(5):1252-1260.
Chicago Gedik, Gülşah. “Formulation and Evaluation of Intimate Wash Containing Manuka Oil and Salix Bark Extract”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26, no. 5 (June 2025): 1252-60.
EndNote Gedik G (June 1, 2025) Formulation and evaluation of intimate wash containing manuka oil and salix bark extract. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26 5 1252–1260.
IEEE G. Gedik, “Formulation and evaluation of intimate wash containing manuka oil and salix bark extract”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 1252–1260, 2025.
ISNAD Gedik, Gülşah. “Formulation and Evaluation of Intimate Wash Containing Manuka Oil and Salix Bark Extract”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 26/5 (June2025), 1252-1260.
JAMA Gedik G. Formulation and evaluation of intimate wash containing manuka oil and salix bark extract. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;26:1252–1260.
MLA Gedik, Gülşah. “Formulation and Evaluation of Intimate Wash Containing Manuka Oil and Salix Bark Extract”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 26, no. 5, 2025, pp. 1252-60.
Vancouver Gedik G. Formulation and evaluation of intimate wash containing manuka oil and salix bark extract. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;26(5):1252-60.