Evaluation of the teratogenic effect of water extract of Sonchus arvensis L. and Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis leaves as a combination in Wistar rat

Nova Suliska; Sinar Kasih Mentari; Elin Yulinah Sukandar

Evaluation of the teratogenic effect of water extract of Sonchus arvensis L. and Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis leaves as a combination in Wistar rat

Abstract

Water extract of Sonchus arvensis and Anredera cordifolia leaves as a combination has been proven for their antihypertensive activity, but there is no information about its safety for pregnant women yet. This experiment aimed to evaluate the teratogenic effect of water extract of S. arvensis and A. cordifolia leaves as a combination (1:1) at doses of 100 mg/kg bw, 400 mg/kg bw, and 1000 mg/kg bw in Wistar rats. The extract was made into suspension in sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (Na-CMC) 0.5% and given orally to pregnant rats on gestation day 6-15 as much as 1 mL/100 gram bw. Pregnant rats were sacrificed at gestation day 19. All parameters related to fetuses included the number of fetuses, fetal weight, skeletal and organ malformation were evaluated. The percentage of skeletal and organ malformation of each treatment groups was compared to the control group and analyzed with one-way ANOVA method using IBM SPSS 28. There was no significant difference in both average number and fetal weight from all treatment groups compared to the control group (P>0.05). Skeletal malformation was not found, but there were undeveloped fetuses (resorption) and some fetuses with small brains in all groups. The percentage of each treatment groups for those two conditions was not significantly different compared to the control group. Therefore, water extract of S. arvensis and A. cordifolia leaves as a combination at doses of 100 mg/kg bw, 400 mg/kg bw, and 1000 mg/kg bw contraindicated for pregnant women and those who are planning on pregnancy.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Basic Pharmacology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Nova Suliska
0000-0003-0410-319X
Indonesia

Sinar Kasih Mentari This is me
0000-0002-9720-3677
Indonesia

Elin Yulinah Sukandar ^* This is me
0000-0003-3540-012X
Indonesia

Publication Date

June 27, 2025

Submission Date

October 12, 2021

Acceptance Date

May 30, 2022

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 27 Number: 2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA75BZ44WS

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Suliska, N., Mentari, S. K., & Sukandar, E. Y. (2025). Evaluation of the teratogenic effect of water extract of Sonchus arvensis L. and Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis leaves as a combination in Wistar rat. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(2), 762-768. https://izlik.org/JA75BZ44WS

AMA

1.Suliska N, Mentari SK, Sukandar EY. Evaluation of the teratogenic effect of water extract of Sonchus arvensis L. and Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis leaves as a combination in Wistar rat. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27(2):762-768. https://izlik.org/JA75BZ44WS

Chicago

Suliska, Nova, Sinar Kasih Mentari, and Elin Yulinah Sukandar. 2025. “Evaluation of the Teratogenic Effect of Water Extract of Sonchus Arvensis L. And Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis Leaves As a Combination in Wistar Rat”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 (2): 762-68. https://izlik.org/JA75BZ44WS.

EndNote

Suliska N, Mentari SK, Sukandar EY (June 1, 2025) Evaluation of the teratogenic effect of water extract of Sonchus arvensis L. and Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis leaves as a combination in Wistar rat. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 2 762–768.

IEEE

[1]N. Suliska, S. K. Mentari, and E. Y. Sukandar, “Evaluation of the teratogenic effect of water extract of Sonchus arvensis L. and Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis leaves as a combination in Wistar rat”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 762–768, June 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA75BZ44WS

ISNAD

Suliska, Nova - Mentari, Sinar Kasih - Sukandar, Elin Yulinah. “Evaluation of the Teratogenic Effect of Water Extract of Sonchus Arvensis L. And Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis Leaves As a Combination in Wistar Rat”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27/2 (June 1, 2025): 762-768. https://izlik.org/JA75BZ44WS.

JAMA

1.Suliska N, Mentari SK, Sukandar EY. Evaluation of the teratogenic effect of water extract of Sonchus arvensis L. and Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis leaves as a combination in Wistar rat. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27:762–768.

MLA

Suliska, Nova, et al. “Evaluation of the Teratogenic Effect of Water Extract of Sonchus Arvensis L. And Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis Leaves As a Combination in Wistar Rat”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 27, no. 2, June 2025, pp. 762-8, https://izlik.org/JA75BZ44WS.

Vancouver

1.Nova Suliska, Sinar Kasih Mentari, Elin Yulinah Sukandar. Evaluation of the teratogenic effect of water extract of Sonchus arvensis L. and Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis leaves as a combination in Wistar rat. J. Res. Pharm. [Internet]. 2025 Jun. 1;27(2):762-8. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA75BZ44WS