Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and Daucus carota L. growing wild in Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 142 - 152, 27.06.2025

Hüseyin Servi , Ali Şen , Esra Yıldırım Servi , Ahmet Doğan

https://doi.org/10.29228/jrp.5

Cited By: 2

Abstract

The chemical composition of essential oils of aerial parts of Daucus carota (DEO) and Foeniculum vulgare
(FEO) was specified by GC/MS. Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of oils were
tested by -glucosidase inhibitory, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory, DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging, and broth microdilution
methods, respectively. Thirty components were identified in DEO (87.7%). Carotol (27.7%), elemicin (18.1%), and
limonene (16.0%) were determined as the main compounds in DEO. Seventeen constituents were identified in FEO
(100.0%). Estragole (34.0%), limonene (27.1%), and -pinene (19.5%) were found as major components in FEO. Both oils
displayed weak antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. However, the oils were not effective on Gram-
positive bacteria. DEO with IC50 values of 1359 and 1579 μg/mL and FEO with IC50 values of 3106 and 1654 μg/mL
showed weak antioxidant activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. DEO and FEO exhibited good anti-
lipoxygenase activities with IC50 values of 87.24 and 58.35 μg/mL, respectively. DEO presented significantly -
glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 44.78 µg/mL while FEO displayed poor activity with an IC50 value
of 1967 µg/mL. This study is the first report on the 5-lipoxygenase and -glucosidase inhibitory activities of aerial parts
of DEO as well as on the -glucosidase inhibitory activity of aerial parts of FEO. These results indicated that DEO, which
has a good antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity, is rich in oxygenated sesquiterpene and monoterpene. Also, it
showed that FEO, which has a significant anti-inflammatory activity, is rich in monoterpene and phenylpropanoid.

Keywords

Daucus carota , Foeniculum vulgare , essential oils , biological activity

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