Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and Daucus carota L. growing wild in Turkey

Abstract

The chemical composition of essential oils of aerial parts of Daucus carota (DEO) and Foeniculum vulgare (FEO) was specified by GC/MS. Antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of oils were tested by -glucosidase inhibitory, 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory, DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging, and broth microdilution methods, respectively. Thirty components were identified in DEO (87.7%). Carotol (27.7%), elemicin (18.1%), and limonene (16.0%) were determined as the main compounds in DEO. Seventeen constituents were identified in FEO (100.0%). Estragole (34.0%), limonene (27.1%), and -pinene (19.5%) were found as major components in FEO. Both oils displayed weak antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria. However, the oils were not effective on Gram- positive bacteria. DEO with IC50 values of 1359 and 1579 μg/mL and FEO with IC50 values of 3106 and 1654 μg/mL showed weak antioxidant activities against DPPH and ABTS radicals, respectively. DEO and FEO exhibited good anti- lipoxygenase activities with IC50 values of 87.24 and 58.35 μg/mL, respectively. DEO presented significantly - glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 44.78 µg/mL while FEO displayed poor activity with an IC50 value of 1967 µg/mL. This study is the first report on the 5-lipoxygenase and -glucosidase inhibitory activities of aerial parts of DEO as well as on the -glucosidase inhibitory activity of aerial parts of FEO. These results indicated that DEO, which has a good antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity, is rich in oxygenated sesquiterpene and monoterpene. Also, it showed that FEO, which has a significant anti-inflammatory activity, is rich in monoterpene and phenylpropanoid.

Keywords

• Daucus carota
• Foeniculum vulgare
• essential oils
• biological activity

References

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