Antibacterial Properties of Carvacrol against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Enteric Bacteria, and Oral Pathogens

Ayşegül Hoş; Pınar Sinem Omurtag Özgen; Ayşe İnci; Buse Avcı; Ceyda Ceylan

Antibacterial Properties of Carvacrol against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Enteric Bacteria, and Oral Pathogens

Abstract

The present study investigated the antibacterial activity of carvacrol against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE), Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans CNCTC 8/77 and Streptococcus salivarius CNCTC 64/59. According to the results of the disc diffusion method, carvacrol has extremely high antibacterial activity with zones of 28 mm, 38 mm, 39 mm, 36 mm, 50 mm, 41 mm, 47 mm, and 39 mm against E. coli, E. faecalis, VRE, CRE, S. salivarius, S. mutans, MRSA, S. mitis, respectively. In the present study, the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) was also investigated by using the Broth Microdilution method. Carvacrol has MIC of 7.62 mg/mL against E. coli, 15.25 mg/mL against VRE, 30.5 mg/mL against E. faecalis, CRE, and S. salivarius, 61 mg/mL against S. mutans, 1.90 mg/mL against MRSA and S. mitis. Carvacrol is a very strong antimicrobial agent and may be used in important applications in the food and pharmaceutical industry. It may also be a good candidate for developing alternative treatments. The results of the present study may be beneficial for further studies with this antibacterial agent for both academia and industry.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmaceutical Microbiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ayşegül Hoş ^*
0000-0001-5605-6159
Türkiye

Pınar Sinem Omurtag Özgen
0000-0003-2493-9664
Türkiye

Ayşe İnci
0000-0003-0959-5760
Türkiye

Buse Avcı This is me
0000-0002-0302-9429
Türkiye

Ceyda Ceylan This is me
0000-0002-9625-2039
Türkiye

Publication Date

June 28, 2025

Submission Date

February 17, 2023

Acceptance Date

April 4, 2023

Published in Issue

Year 2023 Volume: 27 Number: 4

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA64SY26BS

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Hoş, A., Omurtag Özgen, P. S., İnci, A., Avcı, B., & Ceylan, C. (2025). Antibacterial Properties of Carvacrol against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Enteric Bacteria, and Oral Pathogens. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 27(4), 1380-1387. https://izlik.org/JA64SY26BS

AMA

1.Hoş A, Omurtag Özgen PS, İnci A, Avcı B, Ceylan C. Antibacterial Properties of Carvacrol against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Enteric Bacteria, and Oral Pathogens. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27(4):1380-1387. https://izlik.org/JA64SY26BS

Chicago

Hoş, Ayşegül, Pınar Sinem Omurtag Özgen, Ayşe İnci, Buse Avcı, and Ceyda Ceylan. 2025. “Antibacterial Properties of Carvacrol Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Enteric Bacteria, and Oral Pathogens”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 (4): 1380-87. https://izlik.org/JA64SY26BS.

EndNote

Hoş A, Omurtag Özgen PS, İnci A, Avcı B, Ceylan C (July 1, 2025) Antibacterial Properties of Carvacrol against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Enteric Bacteria, and Oral Pathogens. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27 4 1380–1387.

IEEE

[1]A. Hoş, P. S. Omurtag Özgen, A. İnci, B. Avcı, and C. Ceylan, “Antibacterial Properties of Carvacrol against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Enteric Bacteria, and Oral Pathogens”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 27, no. 4, pp. 1380–1387, July 2025, [Online]. Available: https://izlik.org/JA64SY26BS

ISNAD

Hoş, Ayşegül - Omurtag Özgen, Pınar Sinem - İnci, Ayşe - Avcı, Buse - Ceylan, Ceyda. “Antibacterial Properties of Carvacrol Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Enteric Bacteria, and Oral Pathogens”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 27/4 (July 1, 2025): 1380-1387. https://izlik.org/JA64SY26BS.

JAMA

1.Hoş A, Omurtag Özgen PS, İnci A, Avcı B, Ceylan C. Antibacterial Properties of Carvacrol against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Enteric Bacteria, and Oral Pathogens. J. Res. Pharm. 2025;27:1380–1387.

MLA

Hoş, Ayşegül, et al. “Antibacterial Properties of Carvacrol Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Enteric Bacteria, and Oral Pathogens”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 27, no. 4, July 2025, pp. 1380-7, https://izlik.org/JA64SY26BS.

Vancouver

1.Ayşegül Hoş, Pınar Sinem Omurtag Özgen, Ayşe İnci, Buse Avcı, Ceyda Ceylan. Antibacterial Properties of Carvacrol against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria, Enteric Bacteria, and Oral Pathogens. J. Res. Pharm. [Internet]. 2025 Jul. 1;27(4):1380-7. Available from: https://izlik.org/JA64SY26BS