Comparative evaluation of the antioxidant, phenolic and antimicrobial activities of Plantago lanceolata L. leaf extracts from two regions of Türkiye: Giresun and Sakarya

Ayşen Kurt Cücü; Betul Domac; Pervin Rayaman; Gülbin Erdoğan

doi:10.12991/jrespharm.1991005

Comparative evaluation of the antioxidant, phenolic and antimicrobial activities of Plantago lanceolata L. leaf extracts from two regions of Türkiye: Giresun and Sakarya

Abstract

Plantago lanceolata is a medicinal plant widely used in phytotherapeutic applications in Türkiye. This study evaluated the antioxidant, total phenolic, and antimicrobial activities of Plantago lanceolata leaf extracts collected from the Tirebolu (Giresun) and Adapazarı (Sakarya) districts. Ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts were prepared by ultrasound-assisted extraction. Antioxidant activity was determined using the CUPRAC and ABTS assays, total phenolic content by the Folin–Ciocalteu method, and antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assays. Minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations were also determined. The CUPRAC and ABTS antioxidant capacities (mmol TE/g dw) were 0.136–0.234 and 0.389–0.641, respectively, for the Giresun samples and 0.139–0.207 and 0.406–0.584, respectively, for the Sakarya samples. The total phenolic content (mg GAE/g dw) was 244.61–324.78 for the Giresun samples and 239.87–310.99 for the Sakarya samples. Among the extraction solvents, methanol extracts consistently showed the highest antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. The ethanol extracts formed inhibition zones against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9.24 and 7.15 mm) and Acinetobacter baumannii (7.25 and 8.19 mm) for the Giresun and Sakarya samples, respectively. All extracts inhibited the tested microorganisms, with minimum inhibitory concentration values of 0.196–1.563 mg/mL. The ethanol extracts also showed bactericidal activity against all tested bacteria, with minimum bactericidal concentration values of 0.396–6.25 mg/mL and 0.781–1.563 mg/mL for the Giresun and Sakarya samples, respectively. These findings indicate that Plantago lanceolata is a promising natural source of antioxidant and phenolic compounds with notable antimicrobial activity, and that ultrasound-assisted extraction is an effective approach for recovering its bioactive constituents.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

This work was supported by the TÜBİTAK 2209-A Undergraduate Research Projects Support Program

Project Number

Project No. 1919B012205353

Ethical Statement

Ethical approval was not required for this study.

Thanks

The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the TÜBİTAK 2209-A Undergraduate Research Projects Support Program (Project No. 1919B012205353).

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Microbiology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ayşen Kurt Cücü ^*
0000-0001-9527-4730
Türkiye

Betul Domac
0009-0005-3390-9661
Türkiye

Pervin Rayaman
0000-0002-0487-8692
Türkiye

Gülbin Erdoğan
0000-0002-6428-5899
Türkiye

Publication Date

October 6, 2026

Submission Date

July 9, 2026

Acceptance Date

September 15, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 30 Number: 5

DOI

https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1991005

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA59MC77ZR

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Kurt Cücü, A., Domac, B., Rayaman, P., & Erdoğan, G. (2026). Comparative evaluation of the antioxidant, phenolic and antimicrobial activities of Plantago lanceolata L. leaf extracts from two regions of Türkiye: Giresun and Sakarya. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, 30(5), 1241-1252. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1991005

AMA

1.Kurt Cücü A, Domac B, Rayaman P, Erdoğan G. Comparative evaluation of the antioxidant, phenolic and antimicrobial activities of Plantago lanceolata L. leaf extracts from two regions of Türkiye: Giresun and Sakarya. J. Res. Pharm. 2026;30(5):1241-1252. doi:10.12991/jrespharm.1991005

Chicago

Kurt Cücü, Ayşen, Betul Domac, Pervin Rayaman, and Gülbin Erdoğan. 2026. “Comparative Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Phenolic and Antimicrobial Activities of Plantago Lanceolata L. Leaf Extracts from Two Regions of Türkiye: Giresun and Sakarya”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 30 (5): 1241-52. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1991005.

EndNote

Kurt Cücü A, Domac B, Rayaman P, Erdoğan G (October 1, 2026) Comparative evaluation of the antioxidant, phenolic and antimicrobial activities of Plantago lanceolata L. leaf extracts from two regions of Türkiye: Giresun and Sakarya. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 30 5 1241–1252.

IEEE

[1]A. Kurt Cücü, B. Domac, P. Rayaman, and G. Erdoğan, “Comparative evaluation of the antioxidant, phenolic and antimicrobial activities of Plantago lanceolata L. leaf extracts from two regions of Türkiye: Giresun and Sakarya”, J. Res. Pharm., vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1241–1252, Oct. 2026, doi: 10.12991/jrespharm.1991005.

ISNAD

Kurt Cücü, Ayşen - Domac, Betul - Rayaman, Pervin - Erdoğan, Gülbin. “Comparative Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Phenolic and Antimicrobial Activities of Plantago Lanceolata L. Leaf Extracts from Two Regions of Türkiye: Giresun and Sakarya”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy 30/5 (October 1, 2026): 1241-1252. https://doi.org/10.12991/jrespharm.1991005.

JAMA

1.Kurt Cücü A, Domac B, Rayaman P, Erdoğan G. Comparative evaluation of the antioxidant, phenolic and antimicrobial activities of Plantago lanceolata L. leaf extracts from two regions of Türkiye: Giresun and Sakarya. J. Res. Pharm. 2026;30:1241–1252.

MLA

Kurt Cücü, Ayşen, et al. “Comparative Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Phenolic and Antimicrobial Activities of Plantago Lanceolata L. Leaf Extracts from Two Regions of Türkiye: Giresun and Sakarya”. Journal of Research in Pharmacy, vol. 30, no. 5, Oct. 2026, pp. 1241-52, doi:10.12991/jrespharm.1991005.

Vancouver

1.Ayşen Kurt Cücü, Betul Domac, Pervin Rayaman, Gülbin Erdoğan. Comparative evaluation of the antioxidant, phenolic and antimicrobial activities of Plantago lanceolata L. leaf extracts from two regions of Türkiye: Giresun and Sakarya. J. Res. Pharm. 2026 Oct. 1;30(5):1241-52. doi:10.12991/jrespharm.1991005