Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction optimization of Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra leaf extracts for cholinesterase and tyrosinase inhibitory activity

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 2, 458 - 469, 28.06.2025

Halil Koyu

Abstract

Supercritical carbondioxide extraction has been an advanced system as the regulation of extraction parameters enables the control of the solvating power, resulting in a more selective process. While the efficient use of natural resources is critical for sustainability goals, the discovery of feasible plant sources for medicinal purposes is a valuable research objective. In this study, supercritical carbondioxide extraction of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) was investigated using response surface methodology. A statistical design was used for the evaluation of the effect of extraction parameters as temperature (40, 60, 80°C), pressure (120, 160, 200 bar) and co-solvent ratio (0, 6, 12%). Spectrophotometric and UPLC-DAD, ESI-MS/MS analysis were performed to investigate total phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin and dominant anthocyanin contents. The optimization models were determined as significant for all bioactive content analysis and enzyme inhibitory activities. 40°C, 160 bar, 12% co-solvent conditions were determined with highest total flavonoid content (47.11 mg QE/g). None of the supercritical carbondioxide extracts were able to extract red cabbage anthocyanins within the investigated parameter ranges. 60°C, 120 bar, 12% co-solvent extract showed the strongest tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50: 1.71 mg/ml). Cholinesterase inhibitory activity of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts was found to be comparable to that of solvent extracts considering the tested concentrations. Optimum supercritical carbondioxide extract can be considered as a potential source with tyrosinase inhibitory activity, while identification of active molecules, especially flavonoids, can be targeted in further isolation studies.

Keywords

Acetylcholinesterase , Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra , butyrylcholinesterase , extraction , LC-MS/MS , red cabbage , supercritical carbondioxide

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