Chemical composition of essential oil / volatiles and fatty acids, and antimicrobial evaluation of two endemic Achillea (Asteraceae) species: Achillea schischkinii Sosn. and Achillea teretifolia Willd.

Year 2024, Volume: 28 Issue: 3, 679 - 690, 28.06.2025

Gamze Göger , Melisa Ergül Görel , Yasin Burak Birtek Mehmet Tekin , Gülmira Özek

Abstract

In the present study, phytochemical analyzes and investigations for in vitro antimicrobial activity of two endemic species Achillea schischkinii Sosn. and A. teretifolia Willd. were carried out. The essential oils and fatty acids as well as the different solvents extracts were obtained from aerial parts of the plants. Gas chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC / MS) techniques were used to analyze the phytochemical composition of the volatiles and fatty acid methyl esters. In vitro antimicrobial evaluations of the plant extracts were determined against Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, C. tropicalis ATCC 750, and C. glabrata ATCC 90030 by microdilution method. The antifungal combination of infusion of A. schischkinii with fluconazole was determined by the checkerboard method againts Candida species.
Chemical compositions of A. schischkinii and A. teretifolia were determined as 1,8-cineol (25.2-30.4 %), and camphor (7.0-5.5 %). Antimicrobial evaluation of different extracts of A. teretifolia, were performed for the first time in this study. The MIC values were observed between at 156.25-5000 µg / mL for both of the plant extracts. The combination showed a synergistic effect (FIC ≤0.5) against C. albicans and C. parapsilosis.

Keywords

Achillea teretifolia , Achillea schischkinii essential oil , Fatty acids , Antimicrobial , Synergistic

References

• [1] Abers M, Schroeder S, Goelz L, Sulser A, St Rose T, Puchalski K, Langland, J. Antimicrobial activity of the volatile substances from essential oils. BMC Complement. 2021;21(1): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-021-03285-3
• [2] Haji MDH, Mohamed AB, Albashir AA, Mirghani MA. A review of antifungal activity of combined plant extracts or plant exudates from medicinal plants either together or with known antifungal agents. Eur J Med Plants. 2022;33(8): 16-47. https://doi.org/10.9734/EJMP/2022/v33i830483
• [3] Stojanovic G, Radulovic N, Hashimoto T, Palic R. In vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts of four Achillea species: The composition of Achillea clavennae L.(Asteraceae) extract. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005; 101(1-3): 185-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2005.04.026
• [4] Konakchiev A, Todorova M, Mikhova B, Vitkova A, Najdenski H. Composition and antimicrobial activity of Achillea distans essential oil. Nat Prod Com. 2011; 6(6): 1934578X1100600635. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1100600635
• [5] Strzępek-Gomolka M, Gaweł-Bęben K, Kukula-Koch W. Achillea species as sources of active phytochemicals for dermatological and cosmetic applications. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021; Article ID 6643827. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6643827
• [6] Aytaç Z, Duman H, Ekici M. Two new Achillea L. (Asteraceae) species from Turkey. Turk J Bot.2016; 40: 373-379. https://doi.org/10.3906/bot-1504-19
• [7] Ekim T, Koyuncu M, Vural M, Duman H, Aytaç Z, Adigüzel N. Red Data Book of Turkish Plants. Türkiye Tabiatını Koruma Derneği ve Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Ankara. 2000.
• [8] Saeidnia S, Gohari A, Mokhber-Dezfuli N, Kiuchi, F. A review on phytochemistry and medicinal properties of the genus Achillea. DARU J Pharm Sci. 2011; 19(3): 173–186.
• [9] Arı S, Temel M, Kargioğlu M, Konuk M. Ethnobotanical survey of plants used in Afyonkarahisar-Turkey. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2015; 11:84. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-015-0067-6
• [10] Bali EB, Açık L, Elçi P, Sarper M, Avcu F, Vural M. In vitro anti-oxidant, cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of Achillea teretifolia Willd extracts on human prostate cancer cell lines. Pharmacogn Mag. 2015; (2): 308-315. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1296.166060
• [11] Toksoy D, Bayramoglu M, Hacisalihoglu S. Usage and the economic potential of the medicinal plants in Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey. J Environ Biol. 2010; 31: 623–628.
• [12] Tetik F, Civelek S, Cakiloglu U. Traditional uses of some medicinal plants in Malatya (Turkey). J Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 146 (1): 331-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.054
• [13] Turkoglu I, Turkoglu S, Celik S, Kahyaoglu M. Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Turkish endemic Achillea species. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2010; 4(19): 2034-2042.
• [14] Ünlü M, Daferera D, Dönmez E, Polissiou M, Tepe B, Sökmen A. Compositions and the in vitro antimicrobial activities of the essential oils of Achilleae setacea and Achillea teretifolia, J Ethnopharmacol. 2002; 83(1): 117-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-8741(02)00218-0
• [15] Aslan S, Evren H, Konuklugil B, Turkoglu I, Kartal M. Essential oil composition of Achillea teretifolia from Turkey. Chem Nat Compd. 2009; 45(2): 274–275. https://doi.org/0009-3130/09/4502-0274
• [16] Demirci F, Demirci B, Gurbuz I, Yesilada E, Baser KHC. Characterization and biological activity of Achillea teretifolia Willd. and A. nobilis L. subsp. neilreichii (Kerner) Formanek essential oils. Turk J Biol. 2009; 33(2): 129-136. https://doi.org/10.3906/biy-0808-1
• [17] Turkmenoğlu FP, Demirci B. Characterization of the endemic Achillea teretifolia Willd. essential oil. Nat Vol Essent Oil. 2020; 7(3): 55-60. https://doi.org/ 10.37929/nveo.784531
• [18] Turkmenoğlu FP, Agar OT, Akaydin G, Hayran M, Demirci B. Characterization of volatile compounds of eleven Achillea species from Turkey and biological activities of essential oil and methanol extract of A. hamzaoglui Arabacı & Budak. Molecules. 2015; 20(6): 11432-11458. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules200611432
• [19] Donmez E, Tepe B, Daferera D, Polissiou M. Composition of the essential oil of Achillea schischkinii Sosn. (Asteraceae) from Turkey. J Essent Oil Res. 2005; 17(5): 575-576. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2005.9699000
• [20] Zonuz N, Akpinar AE, Akpinar N, Dag S, Akpinar MA. Fatty acids of the seed oils of three Achillea species. Chem Nat Compd. 2020; 56: 115-118. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-020-02957-9
• [21] Özek G, Tekin M, Haliloğlu Y, Başer K, Özek T. Chemical compositions of Achillea sivasica: Different plant part volatiles, enantiomers and fatty acids. Rec Nat Prod. 2018; 12(2): 142-159. http://doi.org/10.25135/rnp.11.17.03.024
• [22] Polatoğlu K, Karakoç ÖC, Gören N. Phytotoxic, DPPH scavenging, insecticidal activities and essential oil composition of Achillea vermicularis, A. teretifolia and proposed chemotypes of A. biebersteinii (Asteraceae). Ind Crops Prod. 2013; 51: 35-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.08.052
• [23] Karaalp C, Yurtman AN, Karabay Yavasoglu NU. Evaluation of antimicrobial properties of Achillea L. flower head extracts. Pharm Biol. 2009; 47(1): 86-91. https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200802448682
• [24] Lee Y, Puumala E, Robbins N, Cowen LE. Antifungal drug resistance: molecular mechanisms in Candida albicans and beyond. Chem Rev. 2020; 121(6): 3390-3411. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00199
• [25] Carrillo-Munoz AJ, Giusiano G, Ezkurra PA, Quindos G. Antifungal agents: Mode of action in yeast cells. Rev Esp Quimioter. 2006; 19(2): 130-139.
• [26] Doğan A, Darcan C. The antagonistic and synergistic comparison of the antimicrobial characteristics of extracts of some Herbs. BSJ Agric. 2022; 5(3):248-254. https://doi.org/10.47115/bsagriculture.1091459
• [27] EDQM, Determination of essential oils in vegetable drugs. In: European Pharmacopea 5.0. Vol. 1. Strasburg, France: European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines, 2005, pp. 217-218.
• [28] Göger G, Demirci, B, Ilgın S, Demirci F. Antimicrobial and toxicity profiles evaluation of the chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.) essential oil combination with standard antimicrobial agents. Ind Crops Prod. 2018; 120: 279-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.04.024
• [29] Clinical and Laboratory Standarts Institue (CLSI). Methods for dilution antimicrobial susceptibility tests for bacteria that grow aerobically. CLSI M7-A7. Wayne, PA, USA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, 2006.
• [30] Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Reference Method for Broth Dilution Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Yeast. Approved standard. CLSI 27-A3. 3rd ed. Wayne, PA, USA: 2008.
• [31] Torres NS, Montelongo-Jauregui D, Abercrombie JJ, Srinivasan A, Lopez-Ribot JL, Ramasubramanian AK, Leung KP. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of synergistic combinations of a commercially available small compound library with colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Front Microbiol. 2018; 9: 2541. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02541
• [32] Van Vuuren SF, Suliman S, Viljoen AM. The antimicrobial activity of four commercial essential oils in combination with conventional antimicrobials. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2009; 48(4): 440-446. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02548.x