First isolation and characterization of Bovine Herpesvirus 1.2b (BoHV-1.2b ) strain from respiratory tract of cattle in Turkey

Abstract

Restriksiyon Parça Uzunluk Polimorfizmi (RFLP) tekniği kullanılarak tüm genomun analizinde Bovine Herpesviruses-1 (BoHV-1) suşlarını BoHV-1.1, 1.2a, 1.2b olmak üzere üç alt tipte sınıflandırılmaktadır. Bu alt tipler klinik bulgular göre de değerlendirilmektedir ancak bu yönde henüz net bir ilişkilendirme yapılmamıştır. Çoğunlukla BoHV-1.2b, genital hastalık bulgularıyla ilişkilendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmada solunum yolu hastalığından alınan nazal sürüntü örneğinde BoHV-1 izolatı elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada ayrıca, genomun UL44 (Glikoprotein C) bölgesini hedefleyen filogenetik analiz ve UL39 - US3 bölgelerini hedefleyen, yeni geliştirilen bir multipleks PCR analizini takiben Hind III enzimi kullanılarak uygulanan RFLP ile alt tiplendirme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Aynı zamanda izolasyon başarısı iki farklı devamlı hücre hattında karşılaştırılmıştır. SFT-R hücre hattı, BoHV-1 saha örneklerinin izolasyonunda MDBK hücre hattına nazaran daha duyarlı bulunmuştur. Elde edilen izolat (ID:8640), BoHV-1.2b olarak sınıflandırılırken, Cooper suşundan serolojik olarak ayırt edilemediği değerlendirildi. Mevcut çalışma, BoHV-1.2b'nin Türkiye'deki ilk izolasyonunu bildirmesinin yanı sıra klinik solunum yolu hastalığından nadir tespit edilen BoHV-1.2b izolasyonunu bildirmektedir. Sonuçlar ayrıca kolay ve hızlı alt tipleme için PCR tabanlı RFLP analizinin etkinliğini gösteren veriler içermektedir. Ancak BoHV-1 saha izolatlarının genetik çeşitliliğine bağlı olarak bu teknik üzerine daha fazla araştırma yapılmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Keywords

• BoHV-1 subtyping
• molecular characterization
• restriction endonuclease analysis
• virus isolation

References

1. Raaperi K, Orro T, Viltrop A. Epidemiology and control of bovine herpesvirus 1 infection in Europe. Vet J. 2014;201(3):249-256. doi:10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.040
2. Nandi S, Kumar M, Manohar M, Chauhan RS. Bovine herpes virus infections in cattle. Anim Health Res Rev. 2009;10(1):85-98. doi:10.1017/S1466252309990028
3. Sayers RG. Associations between exposure to bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and milk production, reproductive performance, and mortality in Irish dairy herds. J Dairy Sci. 2017;100(2):1340-1352. doi:10.3168/jds.2016-11113
4. Liang X, Chow B, Raggo C, Babiuk LA. Bovine herpesvirus 1 UL49.5 homolog gene encodes a novel viral envelope protein that forms a disulfide-linked complex with a second virion structural protein. J Virol. 1996;70(3).
5. Fulton RW, d’Offay JM, Eberle R, et al. Bovine herpesvirus-1: Evaluation of genetic diversity of subtypes derived from field strains of varied clinical syndromes and their relationship to vaccine strains. Vaccine. 2015;33(4):549-558. doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.033
6. Miller JM, Whetstone CA, der Maaten MJ. Abortifacient property of bovine herpesvirus type 1 isolates that represent three subtypes determined by restriction endonuclease analysis of viral DNA. Am J Vet Res. 1991;52(3):458—461. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/1852144.
7. Rosado Spilki F, Augusto Esteves P, De Lima M, et al. Comparative pathogenicity of bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) subtypes 1 (BHV-1.1) and 2a (BHV-1.2a). Pesqui Vet Bras. 2004;24(1):43-49. doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2004000100010
8. Biswas S, Bandyopadhyay S, Dimri U, H. Patra P. Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) - a re-emerging concern in livestock: A revisit to its biology, epidemiology, diagnosis, and prophylaxis. Vet Q. 2013;33(2):68-81. doi:10.1080/01652176.2013.799301

9. Gregersen JP, Pauli G, Ludwig H. Bovine Herpesvirus 1: Differentiation of IBR- and IPV-viruses and identification and functional role of their major immunogenic components. Arch Virol. 1985;84(1-2):91-103. doi:10.1007/BF01310556
10. d’Offay JM, Eberle R, Fulton RW, Kirkland PD. Complete genomic sequence and comparative analysis of four genital and respiratory isolates of bovine herpesvirus subtype 1.2b (BoHV-1.2b), including the prototype virus strain K22. Arch Virol. 2016;161(11):3269-3274. doi:10.1007/s00705-016-3026-1
11. Esteves PA, Dellagostin OA, Pinto LS, et al. Phylogenetic comparison of the carboxy-terminal region of glycoprotein C (gC) of bovine herpesviruses (BoHV) 1.1, 1.2 and 5 from South America (SA). Virus Res. 2008;131(1):16-22. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2007.08.004
12. Vilc̆ek Š. Detection of the bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) genome by PCR. J Virol Methods. 1993;41(2):245-247. doi:10.1016/0166-0934(93)90132-B
13. Hall TA. BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser. 1999;41:95-98. doi:citeulike-article-id:691774
14. Maidana SS, Miño S, Apostolo RM, De Stefano GA, Romera SA. A new molecular method for the rapid subtyping of bovine herpesvirus 1 field isolates. J Vet Diagnostic Investig. 2020;32(1):112-117. doi:10.1177/1040638719898692
15. Muylkens B, Thiry J, Kirten P, Schynts F, Thiry E. Bovine herpesvirus 1 infection and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. Vet Res. 2007;38(2):181-209. doi:10.1051/vetres:2006059
16. Kendrick J, Gillespie J, Mcentee K. Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis of Cattle. Cornell Vet. 1958;48(4):466-495. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.b4179384&view=1up&seq=466. Accessed June 16, 2020.
17. Ludwig H, Gregersen JP. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis/infectious pustular vulvovaginitis: BHV-1 infections. Rev sec tech Off int Epiz. 1986;5(4):869-878.
18. Whetstone CA, Miller JM. Two different strains of an alphaherpesvirus can establish latency in the same tissue of the host animal: evidence from bovine herpesvirus 1. Arch Virol. 1989;107(1-2):27-34. doi:10.1007/BF01313875
19. Fulton RW, d’Offay JM, Dubovi EJ, Eberle R. Bovine herpesvirus-1: Genetic diversity of field strains from cattle with respiratory disease, genital, fetal disease and systemic neonatal disease and their relationship to vaccine strains. Virus Res. 2016;223:115-121. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2016.06.017
20. Edwards S, White H, Nixon P. A study of the predominant genotypes of bovid herpesvirus 1 found in the U.K. Vet Microbiol. 1990;22(2-3):213-223. doi:10.1016/0378-1135(90)90108-8
21. Bilge Dagalp S, Touraj, Farzani A, Dogan F, Alkan F, Ozkul A. Molecular and antigenic characterization of bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) strains from cattle with diverse clinical cases in Turkey. Trop Anim Heal Prod (. 2020;52:555–564. doi:10.1007/s11250-019-02042-6
22. Traesel CK, Silva MSE, Spilki FR, Weiblen R, Flores EF. Nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the 3’ region of glycoprotein C gene of South American bovine herpesviruses 1 and 5. Res Vet Sci. 2013;94(1):178-185. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2012.07.032
23. Zhou Y, Li X, Ren Y, et al. Phylogenetic analysis and characterization of bovine herpesvirus-1 in cattle of China, 2016–2019. Infect Genet Evol. June 2020:104416. doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2020.104416
24. D’Arce RCF, Almeida RS, Silva TC, et al. Restriction endonuclease and monoclonal antibody analysis of Brazilian isolates of bovine herpesviruses types 1 and 5. Vet Microbiol. 2002;88(4):315-324. doi:10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00126-8
25. Oliveira MT, Campos FS, Dias MM, et al. Detection of bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 in semen from Brazilian bulls. Theriogenology. 2011;75(6):1139-1145. doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.025
26. Julian RS, Jaime J, Ramirez G, Vera V. Molecular and in vitro characterization of field isolates of bovine herpesvirus-1. Virol Sin. 2012;27(1):26-37. doi:10.1007/s12250-012-3221-5
27. Maidana SS, Morano CD, Cianfrini D, et al. Multiplex PCR followed by restriction length polymorphism analysis for the subtyping of bovine herpesvirus 5 isolates. BMC Vet Res. 2013;9:111. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-9-111
28. Maidana SS, Ladelfa MF, Pérez SE, et al. Characterization of BoHV-5 field strains circulation and report of transient specific subtype of bovine herpesvirus 5 in Argentina. BMC Vet Res. 2011;7:8. doi:10.1186/1746-6148-7-8
29. Ros C, Belák S. Studies of Genetic Relationships Between Bovine, Caprine, Cervine, and Rangiferine Alphaherpesviruses and Improved Molecular Methods for Virus Detection and Identification - PubMed. J Clin Microbiol. 1999;37(5):1247-1253. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10203465/. Accessed June 25, 2020.
30. Aslan ME, Azkur AK, Gazyağcı S. Epidemiology and genetic characterization of BVDV, BHV-1, BHV-4, BHV-5 and Brucella spp. infections in cattle in Turkey. J Vet Med Sci. 2015;77(11):1371-1377. doi:10.1292/jvms.14-0657
31. Albayrak H, Tamer C, Ozan E, et al. Molecular identification and phylogeny of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) from cattle associated with respiratory disorders and death in Turkey. Med Weter. 2020;76(06):6393-2020. doi:10.21521/mw.6393
32. Varela APM, Holz CL, Cibulski SP, et al. Neutralizing antibodies to bovine herpesvirus types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) and its subtypes. Vet Microbiol. 2010;142(3-4):254-260. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.10.016
33. Samrath D, Shakya S, Rawat N, Gilhare VR, Singh F. Isolation and adaptation of bovine herpes virus Type 1 in embryonated chicken eggs and in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell line. Vet World. 2016;9(2):222-225. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2016.222-225
34. Matsuura K, Inoshima Y, Kameyama KI, Murakami K. Establishment of a novel ovine kidney cell line for isolation and propagation of viruses infecting domestic cloven-hoofed animal species. Vitr Cell Dev Biol - Anim. 2011;47(7):459-463. doi:10.1007/s11626-011-9434-3