Concurrent infections of enteric viruses (BRV, BCoV, BVDV, BToV) in calves with neonatal diarrhea

Abstract

Calf diarrhea, which develops in the neonatal period and is the most important cause of mortality, develops depending on many factors and causes significant economic losses all over the world. In the epidemiological studies conducted in Turkey to date, it has been shown that diarrhea often occurs after the calving period and causes great economic losses with growth retardation, treatment costs and deaths. Stool samples collected in the study were isolated in three different cell lines (MDBK, HRT-18 and MA-104), enteric viruses (BRV, BCoV, BVDV, BToV), which were intended to be obtained after four blind passages and IPMA test, could not be isolated in cell culture. According to the results of PCR and Ag ELISA tests from stool samples within the scope of the study, at least one of the investigated enteric viruses was detected in 14 (87.5%) stool samples taken from 16 calves with diarrhea symptoms. While no single BRV infection was found in the study; Single BCoV infection was detected in 2 (12.5%) calves, single BVDV infection in 2 (12.5%) calves, and single BToV infection in 2 (12.5%) calves. Dual infections of BRV and BVDV were detected in 1 (6.25%) calf, BCoV and BToV in 1 (6.25%) calf, BCoV and BVDV in 4 (25%) calves, and BVDV and BToV in 1 (6.25%) calf. A triple multible infection of enteric viruses, BVDV, BToV and BCoV, was detected in 1 (6.25%) calf. Rotavirus, which was detected according to the migration pattern of RNA segments (4/2/3/2) on acrylamide gel in the SDS-PAGE test, was shown to be in group A. In addition, in the study, it was determined by using genotype-specific primers that the rotavirus, which was detected positive by PCR test, had the G10P[11] genotype. In this study, it was shown that BRV, BCoV, BVDV and BToV, which are important viral agents that can cause neonatal calf diarrhea, can be seen simultaneously in the same farm and cause severe disease findings and losses.

Keywords

• Neonatal calf diarrhea
• Multible viral infections
• Bovine Rotavirus (BRV)
• Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV)
• Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)
• Bovine Torovirus (BToV)

Neonatal buzağı ishal olgularında enterik virusların (BRV, BCoV, BVDV, BToV) çoklu enfeksiyonu

Abstract

Neonatal döneminde en önemli mortalite sebebi olan buzağı ishalleri birçok faktöre bağlı olarak gelişmekte ve büyük ekonomik kayıplara sebep olmaktadır. Türkiye’ de bugüne kadar yapılan epidemiyolojik çalışmalarda, viral etkenlerin yeni doğan buzağılarda önemli oranda neonatal ishal olgularına neden olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu çalışmada şiddetli ishal ve neonatal ölümlerin görüldüğü buzağılarda çoklu viral enfeksiyonların rolü araştırıldı. Çalışma kapsamında toplanan dışkı örnekleri (n=16) üç farklı hücre hattında (MDBK, HRT-18 ve MA-104) virus izolasyonuna alınmıştır. Tüm örneklere 4 kör pasaj işlemi ve sonrasında IPMA testi uygulandı. Bu süreçte araştırılan enterik virusların (BRV, BCoV, BVDV, BToV) hücre kültüründe izolasyonu yapılamadı. Çalışma kapsamında dışkı örneklerinden PCR ve Ag ELISA testlerinin sonuçlarına göre, ishal semptomu gösteren 16 buzağıdan alınan dışkı örneklerinin 14 (%87,5) adedinde araştırılan enterik virusların en az bir tanesi tespit edildi. Araştırılan olgularda tek BRV enfeksiyonuna rastlanmazken; 2 (%12,5) hayvanda tek BCoV, 2 (%12,5) hayvanda tek BVDV, 2 (% 12,5) hayvanda tek BToV enfeksiyonu saptandı. Diğer yandan 1 (%6,25) hayvanda BRV ve BVDV, 1 (%6,25) hayvanda BCoV ve BToV, 4 (%25) hayvanda BCoV ve BVDV, 1 (%6,25) hayvanda BVDV ve BToV içeren ikili enfeksiyonlar saptandı. 1 (%6,25) hayvanda ise BVDV, BToV ve BCoV olmak üzere enterik virusların oluşturduğu üçlü enfeksiyon saptandı. SDS-PAGE testinde akrilamid jel üzerinde RNA segmentlerinin bant profillerine göre (4/2/3/2) tespit edilen rotavirusun grup A'da yer aldığı gösterildi. Ayrıca çalışmada da PCR testi ile pozitif saptanan rotavirusun, G10P[11] genotipine sahip olduğu, genotip spesifik primerler kullanılarak tespit edildi. Bu araştırmada neonatal buzağı ishallerine sebep olabilen önemli viral etkenler olan BRV, BCoV, BVDV ve BToV’ un aynı işletmede eş zamanlı olarak görülebileceği ve şiddetli hastalık bulguları ve kayıplara neden olabileceği gösterilmiştir.

Keywords

• Neonatal buzağı ishalleri
• Çoklu viral enfeksiyon
• Bovine Rotavirus (BRV)
• Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV)
• Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV)
• Bovine Torovirus (BToV)

References

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