Triatlonda Alt Ekstremite Yaralanmaları ve Risk Faktörleri: Geleneksel Derleme

Abstract

Triatlon, yüzme, bisiklet ve koşuyu tek bir etkinlikte birleştiren popüler bir spordur. Bu üç disiplinin antrenman talepleri ve vücut üzerindeki stresleri yüksektir. Bu nedenle vücudu aşırı kullanmak yaralanma riskinin artmasına neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca, triatletler antrenman zamanının büyük bölümünü bisiklet ve koşudan oluşturur. Bu da oluşacak yaralanmaların büyük çoğunluğunun alt ekstremitede meydana gelmesine neden olur. Literatürde yapılan çalışmalar alt ekstremitede görülen farklı yaralanmaların yaralanma sıklığını, yaralanmaların profilini ve triatlon yaralanmalarına katkıda bulunan faktörleri araştırmıştır. Bu derleme, triatlonda alt ekstremitede görülen yaralanma sıklığını, meydana gelen yaralanmaların profilini ve yaralanmanın önlenmesine ilişkin önerileri tanımlayan yayınlanmış literatürde var olan önemli boşluğunu vurgulamaktadır. Triatletlerde en yaygın görülen alt ekstremite yaralanmaları başlıca Aşil tendinopatisi, plantar fasiit, medial tibial stres sendromu, iliotibial bant sendromu ve patellofemoral ağrı sendromudur. Triatletlerde meydana gelen bu yaralanmaların büyük çoğunluğu yüklenme sıklığının veya antrenman kapsamının yüksek olmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Bu nedenle antrenman planlamaları yapılırken bu yaralanma türlerine katkıda bulunan mekanizmaların dikkate alınması önerilmektedir. Ayrıca antrenman programı içerisinde yüklenme dinlenme şiddetinin bireysel ve optimum planlanması, yaralanmaların önlenmesinde etkili olabilir. Triatlon yaralanmalarını azaltmak için bir diğer önemli nokta ise sporcuların yüzme, bisiklet ve koşu tekniğinin geliştirilmesidir. Yanlış teknik sporcularda yaralanma insidansına önemli düzeyde katkıda bulunmaktadır. Son olarak, sporcularda yaralanmaları azaltmak için periyodik bir sağlık değerlendirmesi yapılması önerilmektedir.

Keywords

• alt ekstremite
• yaralanma
• yüzme
• bisiklet
• koşu
• triatlon

Lower Extremity Injuries and Risk Factors in Triathlon: Traditional Review

Abstract

Triathlon is a popular sport that combines swimming, cycling and running in a single competition. These three disciplines have high demands on training and stress on the body. Therefore, overusing the body causes an increased risk of injuries. Furthermore, triathletes spend most of their training time on cycling and running. This leads to most injuries occurring in the lower extremities. Previous studies in the relevant literature have examined the injury incidence of different lower extremity injuries, the profile of injuries, and the factors contributing to triathlon injuries. This current review addresses an important gap in the published literature describing the incidence of lower extremity injuries in triathlon, the profile of injuries that occur, and recommendations for injury prevention. The most common lower extremity injuries in triathletes are Achilles tendinopathy, plantar fasciitis, medial tibial stress syndrome, iliotibial band syndrome and patellofemoral pain syndrome. Most of such injuries in triathletes are caused by high training load frequency or training scope. For this reason, it is recommended to consider the contributing mechanisms of these injuries when planning training programs. In addition, individual and optimum planning of loading and rest intensity within the training program may be effective in preventing injuries. Another important point to reduce triathlon injuries is to improve the swimming, cycling and running technique of athletes. Improper technique contributes significantly to the incidence of injury in athletes. Finally, a periodic medical check-up is recommended to reduce injuries in athletes.

Keywords

• lower extremity
• injury
• swimming
• running
• triathlon

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