TRA2 Bölgesi Mutfak Atıklarının Biyogaz Potansiyelinin Belirlenmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 105 - 111, 31.12.2025

Nesrin Dursun

https://doi.org/10.63063/jsat.1795020

Abstract

Enerji talebi artışı, iklim değişikliği ve yenilenebilir olmayan mevcut fosil yakıtlarla ilgili sorunlar, son yıllarda enerji alternatiflerine yönelik araştırmaları odak noktası yapmıştır. Yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları kapsamındaki enerji alternatifleri arayışı sürdürülebilir, çevre dostu ve kırsal alanlarda yeni iş fırsatları sağlaması nedeniyle küresel ilgi görmektedir. Bu yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından bazıları biyoetanol, biyodizel ve biyogaz olup, bu kaynakların eldesinde organik kökenli materyaller kullanılmaktadır. Organik kökenli materyallerin çoğunluğunu mutfak atıkları oluşturmaktadır. Mutfak atıkları evler, restoranlar, eğitim-sağlık kurumları ve gıda işleme endüstrileri atık ya da artıkları gibi başlıca alanlarda oluşmaktadır. Bu atıklar değerlendirilerek, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına katkı sağlanabilir. Bu kapsamda yapılan çalışmada, TRA2 Bölgesi (Ağrı, Ardahan, Iğdır ve Kars) 2014, 2018 ve 2022 yılına ilişkin mutfak atıklarından üretilebilecek biyogaz potansiyelinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada, illerin nüfusu ve kişi başı ortalama belediye atık miktarı verilerine Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu veri tabanından erişilmiştir. Bu veriler temel alınarak sırasıyla kentsel katı atık miktarı, mutfak atığı miktarı ve biyogaz potansiyeli hesaplanmıştır. İllere göre kişi başı ortalama belediye atık miktarı farklılık gösterse de nüfus değerinin daha fazla atık oluşumunu etkilemesine bağlı olarak, nüfus değerinin yüksek olduğu illerde, daha fazla biyogaz potansiyeli olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, mutfak atıkları biyogaz potansiyelinin 2014, 2018 ve 2022 yılına göre; en yüksek Ağrı ilinde 2022 yılında 8.711,03 m3/gün ve en düşük Ardahan ilinde 2014 yılında 1.106,81 m3/gün olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Mutfak atıkları , biyogaz potansiyeli , TRA2 Bölgesi

Ethical Statement

Çalışma, etik kurul onayı gerektirmemektedir.

Determination of Biogas Potential of Kitchen Wastes in TRA2 Region

Abstract

The increase in energy demand, climate change, and the problems with existing non-renewable fossil fuels have made research on energy alternatives a focal point in recent years. The search for energy alternatives within the scope of renewable energy sources attracts global attention as it provides new business opportunities in sustainable, environmentally friendly, and rural areas. Some of these renewable energy sources are bioethanol, biodiesel, and biogas, and organic materials are used to obtain these sources. Kitchen wastes constitute the majority of organic-based materials. Kitchen waste is generated mainly in areas such as waste and residue from households, restaurants, educational and healthcare institutions, and food processing industries. This waste can be utilized and contribute to renewable energy sources. In this study conducted in this context, it was aimed to determine the biogas potential that could be generated from kitchen wastes in the TRA2 Region (Agri, Ardahan, Igdir, and Kars) for the years 2014, 2018, and 2022. In the study, the population data of the provinces and the average amount of municipal waste per capita were accessed from the Turkish Statistical Institute database. Based on these data, the amount of municipal solid waste, the amount of kitchen waste and the biogas potential were calculated, respectively. Although the average municipal waste amount per capita varies across provinces, it was determined that there is more biogas potential in the provinces where the population value is high, due to the fact that the population value affects more waste generation. As a result of the study, it was determined that according to the biogas potential of kitchen wastes in the years 2014, 2018, and 2022, the highest was 8,711.03 m3/day in the province of Agri in 2022, and the lowest was 1,106.81 m3/day in the province of Ardahan in 2014.

Keywords

Kitchen wastes , biogas potential , TRA2 Region

References

• S. Bhujade, A. Mate, V. Katekar, and S. Sajjanwar, “Biogas plant by using kitchen waste,” International Journal of Civil, Mechanical and Energy Science (IJCMES), vol. 1, p. 64-69, 2017.
• V. Pavate, S. Wategaonkar, K. Dinde, T. Mali, Y. Minache, P. Dadhaniya, “A review - Biogas production from kitchen waste,”. IJESC, vol. 12, no. 6, p. 29693-29698, 2022.
• G. T. Tucho, H. C. Moll, A. J. M. Schoot Uiterkamp, S. Nonhebel, “Problems with biogas implementation in developing countries from the perspective of labor requirements,” Energies, vol. 9 no. 9, p. 750, 2016.
• S. T. Mgeni, L. A. Mtashobya, J. K. Emmanuel, “Bioethanol production from pineapple fruit waste juice using bakery yeast,” Heliyon, vol. 10, no. e38172, 2024.
• N. S. Akream, M. I. Hamd, S. A. Gheni, F. T. Al-Sudani, A. E. Mohammed, H. R. Mohammed, M. M. Ali, S. M. R. Ahmed, N. T. Karakullukçu, A. K. Tahah, “High-yield activated carbon based ZnO-Ce bifunctional catalyst for production of biodiesel from waste cooking oil,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 321, no. 119054, 2024.
• N. Dursun, “Biohydrogen production from Buckwheat residue using anaerobic mixed bacteria,” Fermentation, vol. 10, no. 15, 2024.
• N. Dursun, “Determination of biogas production potential of Aegean Region from animal waste,” 7th International Anatolian Agriculture, Food, Environment and Biology Congress, p. 78–82, 2024.
• E. M. Usoro, E. O. Umoh, “Production and quality evaluation of biogas from animal waste (Cow Dung),” International Journal of Engineering and Modern Technology (IJEMT), vol. 11, no. 5, p. 228-233, 2025.
• K. Bella, P. V. Rao, “Anaerobic co-digestion of cheese whey and septage: Effect of substrate and inoculum on biogas production,” Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 308, no. 114581, 2022.
• A. Sharma, T. Kuthiala, K. Thakur, K. S. Thatai, G. Singh, P. Kumar, S. K. Arya, “Kitchen waste: sustainable bioconversion to value-added product and economic challenges,” Biomass Conversion and Biorefineery, vol. 15, p. 1749–1770, 2025.
• M. Rezaei, “Food Loss and Waste in the Food Supply Chain,” Food and Agriculture Organization, p. 26-27, 2017.
• UNEP, “Food loss and waste,” 2015. (Erişim tarihi: 28.10.2025)
• P. V. Shukla, T. S. Bhalerao, S. T. Ingle, “Comparative study of biogas production from different food wastes,” Journal of Environmental Research and Development, vol. 4, no. 4, p. 958-963, 2010.
• A. A. Ananno, M. H. Masud, S. A. Chowdhury, P. Dabnichki, N. Ahmed, A. M. E. Arefin, “Sustainable food waste management model for Bangladesh,” Sustainable Production and Consumption, vol. 27, p. 35–51, 2021.
• H. S. Hafid, N. A. Rahman, M. N. Mokhtar, A. T. Talib, A. S. Baharuddin, U. K. M. Shah, “Over production of fermentable sugar for bioethanol production from carbohydrate-rich Malaysian food waste via sequential acid-enzymatic hydrolysis pretreatment,” Waste Management, vol. 67, p. 95–105, 2017.
• Q. Meng, H. Liu, H. Zhang, S. Xu, E. Lichtfouse, Y. Yun, “Anaerobic digestion and recycling of kitchen waste: A review,” Environmental Chemistry Letters, vol. 20, p. 1745–1762, 2022.
• C. Negri, M. Ricci, M. Zilio, G. D’Imporzano, W. Qiao, R. Dong, F. Adani, “Anaerobic digestion of food waste for bio-energy production in China and Southeast Asia: A review,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 133, no. 110138, 2020.
• D. Vikrant, P. Shekhar, “Generation of biogas from kitchen waste-experimental analysis,” International Journal of Engineering Science Invention, vol. 2, no. 10, p. 15-19, 2013.
• Y. Li, Y. Jin, J. Li, Y. Chen, Y. Gong, Y. Li, J. Zhang, “Current situation and development of kitchen waste treatment in China,” Procedia Environmental Sciences, vol. 31, p. 40-49, 2016.
• M. P. Sunil, A. Narayan, V. Bhat, S. Vinay, “Smart biogas plant,” International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), vol. 3 no. 3, p. 62–66, 2013.
• S. Mahapatra, D. Kumar, B. Singh, P. K. Sachan, “Biofuels and their sources of production: A review on cleaner sustainable alternative against conventional fuel, in the framework of the food and energy nexus,” Energy Nexus, vol. 4, no. 100036, 2021.
• A. D. Karve, “Compact biogas plant-Compact, low-cost digester for biogas from waste starch,” 2005. https://stoves.bioenergylists.org/compactbiogas (Erişim tarihi: 01.07.2025).
• Google maps, 2025. https://www.google.com/maps/@40.635488,39.9888758,765746m/data=!3m1!1e3?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MTAyNi4wIKXMDSoASAFQAw%3D%3D (Erişim tarihi: 30.10.2025)
• TÜİK, “İstatistikler,” 2025. https://www.tuik.gov.tr/. (Erişim tarihi: 01.07.2025).
• T. C. Ogwueleka, “Survey of household waste composition and quantities in Abuja, Nigeria,” Resources, Conservation and Recycling, vol. 77, p. 52-60, 2013.
• T. Getahun, E. Mengistie, A. Haddis, F. Wasie, E. Alemayehu, D. Dadi, T. Van Gerven, B. Van Der Bruggen, “Municipal solid waste generation in growing urban areas in Africa: Current practices and relation to socioeconomic factors in Jimma, Ethiopia,” Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol. 184, p. 6337–6345, 2012.
• H. Şenol, E. A. Elibol, Ü. Açıkel, M. Şenol, “Biyogaz üretimi için Ankara’nın başlıca organik atık kaynakları,” BEÜ Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 6, no. 2, p. 15-28, 2017.
• J. Okot-Okumu, “Solid Waste Management in Uganda: Challenges and Options. Future Directions of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Africa,” R. Mohee, T. Simelane, (Eds.) Africa Institute of South Africa, p. 107–135, 2015.
• G. Ntagisanimana, Z. Yu, H. Ma, “Current Situation of Solid Waste Management in East African Countries and the Proposal for Sustainable Management,” African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 1–15, 2021.
• M. H. Demirkan, Z. Moschini, “Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) içeren pektin kaynaklı biyobozunur filmlerin plastik ambalajlara alternatif olarak kullanımının araştırılması,” Bilim Armonisi, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 12-24, 2023.
• E. Tınmaz, I. Demir, “Research on solid waste management system: To improve existing situation in Çorlu Town of Turkey,” Waste Management, vol. 26, no. 3, p. 307-314, 2006.
• M. Dağtekin, B. Yelmen, “Adana ilinin organik atık potansiyelinin biyogaz enerji üretimine etkisi,” Çukurova II. Uluslararası Multidisipliner Çalışmalar Kongresi, p. 783-792, 2019.
• H. Şenol, “Biogas potential of the black sea region from kitchen waste,” Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 26, no. 7, p. 1291-1298, 2020.
• G. Kaykıoğlu, E. Cantekin, “Türkiye’de TR21 Bölgesinin (Trakya) biyogaz potansiyelinin belirlenmesi,” Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Doğal Afetler ve Çevre Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 168-180, 2023.