2019 – 2023 Döneminde Ardahan'da Başlıca Hava Kirletici Parametrelerinin Seviyeleri ve Hava Kalitesi İndeksine Etkileri

Year 2024, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 83 - 94, 31.12.2024

Necla Barlik , Rövşen Guliyev , Mustafa Akgün

https://doi.org/10.63063/jsat.1485314

Abstract

Öz: Bu çalışmada 2019 – 2023 yıllarını kapsayan 5 yıllık süre için Ardahan il merkezinin saatlik ve günlük ortalama HKİ değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Saatlik ortalama HKİ değerleri Ulusal HKİ ile ve HKİ’nin hesaplanmasında esas alınan kirletici parametrelerinin (PM10, SO2, NO2, CO ve O3) düzeyleri, ulusal mevzuatla ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Aynı saatte en az 3 parametre için ölçüm kaydedilmiş 41.466 adet saatlik verinin yaklaşık %25’ine tekabül eden 10.568 adedinde ortalama 24 saatlik PM10 konsantrasyonu mevzuatta belirtilen 50 µg/m3 seviyesini aşmıştır. Aynı veri setinden hesaplanan saatlik HKİ ortalamaları, Ulusal HKİ değerlendirme ölçütlerine göre; 388 (%0,01) saat “sağlıksız” veya “kötü” ve 7.992 (%19) adet “orta” veya “hassas” kategoride yer almaktadır. 28 – 31 Aralık 2021 aralığında en yüksek değerleri kaydedilen PM10 24 saatlik ortalama konsantrasyonları, 31 Aralık 2021’de 379 µg/m3 olarak en büyük ortalama günlük ve aynı tarihte saat 05:00’de 385 µg/m3 olarak en büyük ortalama saatlik değerlere sahip olmuştur. Günlük ortalama maksimum HKİ değeri ise 29.12.2021 tarihinde 211 olarak aynı tarihte saat 07:00 için 214 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca, HKİ ile kirlilik parametreleri arasında yürütülen etki analizlerine göre % 88,5’lük bir oranla ile 24 saatlik ortalama PM10 konsantrasyonlarının hava kalitesi indeksini etkileyen en önemli parametre olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

HKİ, hava kirleticiler, PM10

The Levels of Main Air Pollutant Parameters and Their Effects on Air Quality Index for Ardahan in the Period 2019 – 2023

Abstract

In this study, hourly and daily average HKI values of Ardahan city center were calculated for the 5-year period between 2019 and 2023. Hourly average AQI values were compared with the National AQI, and the levels of pollutant parameters (PM10, SO2, NO2, CO and O3) taken as basis in calculating the AQI were compared with the national regulations. The average 24-hour PM10 concentration exceeded the 50 µg/m3 level specified in the regulations in 10.568 of the 41.466 hourly data recorded for at least 3 parameters at the same time, corresponding to approximately 25%. Hourly HKI averages calculated from the same data set, according to the National HKI evaluation criteria; 388 (0.01%) hours were in the “unhealthy” or “poor” category and 7.992 (19%) were in the “medium” or “delicate” category. PM10 24-hour average concentrations, with the highest values recorded between 28 and 31 December 2021, have the largest average daily values of 379 µg/m3 on 31 December 2021 and the largest average hourly values of 385 µg/m3 at 05:00 on the same date. has happened. The daily average maximum HKI value was calculated as 211 on 29.12.2021 and 214 at 07:00 on the same date. In addition, according to the impact analyzes carried out between AQI and pollution parameters, it was seen that the 24-hour average PM10 concentrations were the most important parameter affecting the air quality index, with a rate of 88.5%.

Keywords

AQI, air pollutant, PM10

References

• DSÖ, "Health, environment and climate change," 18 Nisan 2019. [Online]. Available: https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA72/A72_15-en.pdf?ua=1. [Accessed: Jun. 11, 2024].
• Suman, "Air quality indices: A review of methods to interpret air quality status," Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 33, pp. 863-868, 2021.
• M. Akgün and N. Barlık, "Makine Öğrenmesi Algoritmaları Kullanılarak Hava Kalitesi İndeksinin Tahmini," European Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 51, pp. 97-107, 2023.
• R. Lanzafame, P. Monforte, G. Patanè, and S. Strano, "Trend analysis of Air Quality Index in Catania from 2010 to 2014," Energy Procedia, vol. 82, pp. 708-715, 2015.
• J. G. Wilson, S. Kingham, J. Pearce, and A. P. Sturman, "A review of intraurban variations in particulate air pollution: Implications for epidemiological research," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 39, no. 34, pp. 6444-6462, 2005.
• H. Guo et al., "Do socioeconomic factors modify the effects of PM1 and SO2 on lung cancer incidence in China?," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 756, p. 143998, 2021.
• Z. Liu et al., "Development of land use regression model and health risk assessment for NO2 in different functional areas: A case study of Xi'an, China," Atmospheric Environment, vol. 213, pp. 515-525, 2019.
• ÇŞİDB, "Yer Seviyesi Ozon Kirliliği Bilgi Notu," [Online]. Available: https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/cygm/editordosya/Ozon_kirlili%C4%9Fi_bilgi_notu.pdf. [Accessed: Jun. 8, 2024].
• C. Tao et al., "Exhalation metabolomics: A new force in revealing the impact of ozone pollution on respiratory health," Environmental and Experimental Health Journal, Journal Pre-proof, 2024.
• N. B. Hampson, C. A. Piantadosi, S. R. Thom, and L. K. Weaver, "Practice Recommendations in the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning," American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol. 186, no. 11, pp. 1095-1101, 2012.
• S. Zheng, C. X. Cao, and R. P. Singh, "Comparison of ground based indices (API and AQI) with satellite based aerosol products," Science of the Total Environment, vol. 488-489, pp. 398-412, 2014.
• Y. Li, Y. Chen, H. Karimian, and T. Tao, "Spatiotemporal analysis of air quality and its relationship with meteorological factors in the Yangtze River Delta," Journal of Elementology, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 1059-1075, 2020.
• Y. Di and R. Li, "Correlation analysis of AQI characteristics and meteorological conditions in heating season," Environmental Earth Sciences, vol. 242, p. 022067, 2019.
• D. Zhang, S. Tang, R. Ci, and D. Qiong, "Analysis of the Air Pollution Index and Meteorological Factors and Risk Assessment for Tibet," Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1838, p. 012047, 2021.
• İ. Yener and K. O. Demirarslan, "Determining the Factors Affecting Air Quality in Marmara, Turkey, and Assessing it Using Air Quality Indices," Doğa Afet ve Çevre Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 383-395, 2022.
• H. Özel, P. Cihan, H. K. Özcan, S. Aydın, and A. Hanedar, "Hava Kirletici Parametrelerinin Hava Kalitesi İndeksine Uzun Zamanlı Etkilerinin İncelenmesi: Çerkezköy Organize Sanayi Bölgesi Örneği," Kırklareli University Journal of Engineering and Science, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 94-106, 2021.
• P. M. R. Sarkar et al., "Impact and Correlation of Air Quality and Climate Variables with COVID-19 Morbidity and Mortality in Dhaka," Asian Climate Trends, vol. 5, no. 4, p. 000197, 2020.
• ÇŞİDB, "Ulusal Hava Kalitesi İzleme Ağı," [Online]. Available: https://sim.csb.gov.tr/STN/STN_Report/StationDataDownloadNew. [Accessed: Mar. 5, 2024].
• ÇŞİDB, "Ardahan İli 2020 Yılı Çevre Durum Raporu," [Online]. Available: https://webdosya.csb.gov.tr/db/ced/icerikler/2020_ardahan_-cdr-20210803140316.pdf. [Accessed: Mar. 5, 2024].
• Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi, "Hava Kalitesi Değerlendirme ve Yönetimi Yönetmeliği," [Online]. Available: https://www.mevzuat.gov.tr/File/GeneratePdf?mevzuatNo=12188&mevzuatTur=KurumVeKurulusYonetmeligi&mevzuatTertip=5. [Accessed: Jan. 3, 2024].
• E. Bölük, "Köppen İklim Sınıflandırmasına Göre Türkiye İklimi," Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, 2016.
• M. Z. Öztürk and H. Kılıç, "Ardahan'da iklim parametrelerindeki değişimin zamansal analizi," Türk Coğrafya Dergisi, vol. 70, pp. 37-43, 2018.
• Millî Savunma Bakanlığı Harita Genel Müdürlüğü, "Ardahan İl Haritası," [Online]. Available: https://www.harita.gov.tr/urun/ardahan-mulk-idare-il-haritasi/455. [Accessed: Apr. 15, 2024].
• ÇŞİDB, "Hava Kalitesi İzleme Sistemi," [Online]. Available: https://sim.csb.gov.tr/Home/HKI?baslik=HAVZA%20%C4%B0ZLEME%20S%C4%B0STEM%C4%B0. [Accessed: Mar. 5, 2024].
• USEPA, Technical Assistance Document for the Reporting of Daily Air Quality – the Air Quality Index (AQI), 2018.
• European Parliament and European Council, "Directive 2008/50/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe," [Online]. Available: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2008/50/oj. [Accessed: Jun. 7, 2024].
• WHO, WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide, [Online]. Available: https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/345329. [Accessed: Jun. 7, 2024].
• N. Barlık, "Meteorolojik Faktörlerin HKİ Üzerine Etkisinin Çoklu Regresyon Modeli ile Analizi," MAS 16th International European Conference On Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences, Mardin, 2022.