Influence of marble powder and fly ash on rheological properties and strength of cementitious grouts

Abstract

The usability of two environmentally important waste materials in cementitous fine grout production was investigated as partial replacement materials for cement and aggregate. The influence of replacement materials on flowability and strength of was investigated by rheological and compressive strength tests. The strength of 28 and 90 days grouts was determined. It was found that the flowability and strength of the mixes were heavily dependent on W/C ratio and affected by type and amount of replacement materials. Increasing W/C ratio and fly ash amount increased flowability, but inversely affected the strength of grouts. On the other hand, marble powder was found to increase the strength of grout to a large extent, but decreased the flowability. It was interestingly found that the strength of all grout mixes increased at different levels with aging and the lowest and the highest increase were observed with marble powder and fly ash replaced mixes, respectively.

Keywords

• Grout
• Rheology
• Compressive strength
• Fly ash
• marble powder

References

1. [1] National Concrete Masonry Association (NCMA), TEK 9-4A. Grout for concrete masonry. 2005.
2. [2] ASTM C476: Standard specification for grout for masonry.
3. [3] Sahmaran M, Özkan N, Keskin SB, Uzal B, Yaman IÖ, Erdem TK. Evaluation of natural zeolite as a viscosity-modifying agent for cement-based grouts. Cement and Concrete Research, 2008;38: 930-937.
4. [4] Sha F, Li S, Liu R, Li Z, Zhang Q. Experimental study on performance of cement-based grouts admixed with fly ash, bentonite, superplasticizer and water glass. Construction and Building Materials, 2018;161: 282–291.
5. [5] Quiroga-Flores A, Silva FA, Filho RDT. Influence of fly ash on the fresh and hardened properties of a cement-based grout for mechanized tunneling. Non-Conventional Materials and Technologies - NOCMAT for XXI Century, (Editors: Ghavami, K. and Franco, PJH), Materials Research Proceedings, 2018;7: 482-490.
6. [6] Teymen, A. Effect of mineral admixture types on the grout strength of fully-grouted rockbolts. Construction and Building Materials, 2017;145: 376-382.
7. [7] Ortega, JM, Esteban, MD, Rodriguez RR, Pastor JL, Ibanco FJ, Sanchez I,.Climent MA. Long-term behaviour of fly ash and slag cement grouts for micropiles exposed to a sulphate aggressive medium. Materials, 2017;10: 598. doi 10.3390/ma10060598
8. [8] Fonseca FS, Godfrey RC, Siggard K. Compressive strength of masonry grout containing high amounts of class F fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag. Construction and Building Materials, 2015;94: 719-727.

9. [9] Thakur YK. Effect of marble dust and furnace slag as sand replacement materials on strength properties of pavement quality concrete (PQC). Master of Science Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Thapar University, India, 2014.
10. [10] Bras A, Henriques FMA, Cidade MT. Effect of environmental temperature and fly ash addition in hydraulic lime grout behavior. Construction and Building Materials, 2010;24; 1511-1517.
11. [11] NCMA (National Concrete Masonry Association), TEK 18-8B: Grout quality assurance. 2005.
12. [12] Mohammed MH, Pusch R, Knutsson S, Hellström G. Rheological properties of cement based-grouts determined by different techniques. Engineering, 2014;6: 217-229.
13. [13] Baltazar, LG, Henriques MFA, Cidade MT. Experimental study and modelling of rheological and mechanical properties of NHL grouts. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 2015;27(12): 1-11.
14. [14] ASTM C143: Standard test method for slump of hydraulic-cement concrete.
15. [15] ASTM C939: Standard test method for flow of grout for preplaced-aggregate concrete (Flow cone method).
16. [16] ASTM C1749: Standard guide for measurement of rheological properties of hydraulic cementitious paste by using a rotational rheometer.
17. [17] Roussel N, Le Roy R. The Marsh cone: a test or a rheological apparatus? Cement and Concrete Research, 2005;35: 823-830.
18. [18] ASTM C618: Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw calcined natural pozzolan for use in concrete.
19. [19] Billberg P. Fine mortars rheology in mix design of SCC, in Pro 7: 1st International RILEM Symposium on Self-Compacting Concrete, (Editors: A. Skarendahl and O. Petersson), 1999; 47-58, ISBN 2-912143-09-8.
20. [20] ASTM C109: Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars (using 2-in or 50 mm) cube specimens.
21. [21] Rahman M, Wiklund J, Kotze R, Hakansson U. Yield stress of cement grouts. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2017;61: 50-60.
22. [22] Cepuritis R, Jacobsen S, Smeplass S, Mortsel E, Wigum BJ, Ng S. Influence of crushed aggregate fines with micro-proportioned particle size distributions on rheology of cement paste. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2017;80; 64-79.
23. [23] Chen JJ, Kwan AKH. Superfine cement for improving packing density, rheology and strength of cement paste. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2012;34: 1-10.
24. [24] Sis H, Birinci M. Wetting and rheological characteristics of hydrophobic organic pigments in water in the presence of non-ionic surfactants. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2014;455(5): 58-66.
25. [25] Kim S. A study of non-Newtonian viscosity and yield stress of blood in a scanning capillary-tube rheometer. Ph.D. Thesis, Drexel University, USA, 2002.
26. [26] Westerholm M, Lagerblad B, Silfwerbrand J, Forssberg E. Influence of fine aggregate characteristics on the rheological properties of mortars. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2008;30: 274-282.
27. [27] Dhanalaxmi C, Nirmalkumar K. Study on the properties of concrete incorporated with various mineral admixtures-Limestone powder and marble powder (review paper). International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 2015;4(1): 18511-18515.
28. [28] Bentz DP, Ferraris CF, Jones SZ, Lootens D, Zunino F. Limestone and silica powder replacements for cement: Early-age performance. Cement and Concrete Composites, 2017;78: 43-56.