OPTIMIZATION of MICROBIAL CONSORTIA in the DEGRADATION of BIODIESEL EFFLUENT from JATROPHA CURCUS

Abstract

The utilization of biodiesel produced from Jatropha curcus as renewable energy is relatively new area of research. The waste generated during biodiesel production may cause serious impact on the soil. The present study was aimed at optimizing microbial consortia in the degradation of biodiesel effluent (BDE). A portion of land (loamy soil) measuring 1.5 m by 1.5 m was polluted with BDE for 28 days. Standard microbiological and chemical methods were used to determine BDE utilizing organisms and physicochemical properties of the soil. The result of the total heterotrophic microbial counts from BDE polluted site at 0 to 28 days revealed significance p<0.0001, p<0.001 and p<0.01 for bacterial, fungal and yeast counts. Percentage occurrence of bacterial isolates from BDE polluted soil showed high values for Bacillus subtilis (28.95%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (21.05%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (18.42%), Staphylococcus aureus (15.79%). Aspergillus niger (20.63%) and Saccharomyces kluyveri (14.29%) also recorded highest occurrence for fungi and yeast isolates respectively. Performance level for the growth rate of bacterial isolates in BDE showed highest against Staphylococcus epidermidis (OD 1.6 at day 4), Bacillus subtilis (OD 1.5 at day 6) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (OD 1.4 at day 4). The result from this study revealed the effect of depth in the degradation capacity of consortia microorganisms in BDE polluted soil.

Keywords

• Jatropha curcus
• biodiesel effluent
• microbial consortia
• optimization
• degradation

References

1. [1] Ma, F., Clements, L. D., and Hanna, M. A., (1999), The effect of mixing on transesterification of beef tallow. Bioresource Technology, 69, 289–93.
2. [2] Srirangsan, A., Ongwandee, M. and Chavalparit, O., (2009), Treatment of Biodiesel wastewater by electro-coagulation process. Environmental Asia, 2, 15-19.
3. [3] Ramirez, X. M. V. Mejía, G. M. H., PatiñoLópez, K. V., Vásquez G. R. and Sepúlveda, J. M. M., (2012), Wastewater treatment from biodiesel production via a coupled photo-fenton–aerobic sequential batch reactor (SBR) system. Water Science and Technology, 66(4), 824-830.
4. [4] Jaruwat, P., Kongjao, S. and Hunsom, M., (2010), Management of biodiesel wastewater by the combined process of chemical recovery and electrochemical treatment. Energy Conversion and Management, 51, 531-537.
5. [5] Ngamlerdpokin, K., Kumjadpai, S., Chatanon, P., Tungmanee, U., Chuenchuanchom, S., Jaruwat, P., Lertsathitphongs, P. and Hunsom, M., (2011), Remediation of biodiesel wastewater by chemical and electro-coagulation: A comparative study. Journal of Environmental Management, 92, 2454-2460.
6. [6] Rattanapan, C., Sawam, A., Suksaroj, T. and Suksaroj, C., (2011), Enhanced efficiency of dissolved air flotation for biodiesel wastewater treatment by acidification and coagulation processes. Desalination, 280, 370-377.
7. [7] De-Gisi, S., Galasso, M. and De-Foe. G., (2012). Full scale treatment of wastewater from biodiesel fuel production plant with alkali-catalyzed trans-esterification. Environmental Technology, 1-26.
8. [8] Suehara, K., Kwamoto, Y., Fujii, E. Khoda, J. and Yano, T., (2005), Biological treatment of wastewater discharged from biodiesel fuel production plant with alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 100(4), 437-442.

9. [9] Siles, J. A., Marthin, M. A., Chice, A. F. and Martins, A., (2010), Anaerobic co-digestion of glycerol and wastewater derived from biodiesel manufacturing. Bioresource Technology, 101, 6315-6321.
10. [10] Cresswell, H. P. and Hamilton, H., (2002), Particle Size Analysis: In soil physical measurement and interpretation from land evaluation, CSIRO publisher, Collingwood, Victoria 239p.
11. [11] Ishak, W., Jamek, S., Jalanni, N. A. and Jamaludin, N. M., (2011), Isolation and identification of bacteria from activated sludge and compost for municipal solid waste treatment system. International Conference on Biology, Environment and Chemistry, 24, 450-453.
12. [12] Onifade, A. K. and Abubakar, F. A., (2007), Characterization of hydrocarbon-degrading Microorganisms isolated from crude oil contaminated soil and remediation of the soil by enhanced natural attenuation. Research Journal of Microbiology, 2, 149-155.
13. [13] Gerhardt, P., Murray, E. G. R., Wood, A. W. and Krieg, R. N., (1994), Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology. ASM press, Washinton D.C. 971pp.
14. [14] Ekhaise, F. O. and Meyer, O. (2011). Biodegradation of 2 - methoxyethanol by a new bacterium isolate Pseudomonas sp. strain VB under aerobic conditions. Journal of Applied Science and Environmental Management, 15(1), 51-55.
15. [15] Okechi, R. N, Oparaugo, J. U., Azuwike, C. O., Nnokwe, J. C., Chiegboka, N. and Ezenekwe, F. N. (2014). A survey on Microbial contaminants of snuff sold in local markets in Imo State, Nigeria . International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science 3(9), 366-373.
16. [16] Lapinskiene, A., Martinkus, P. and Rebzdaite, V., (2006), Eco-toxicological studies of diesel and biodiesel fuels in aerated soil. Environmental Pollution, 142, 432-437.
17. [17] Obayori, O. S., Salam, L. B. and Ogunwum, O. S. (2014). Biodegradation of fresh and used engine oils by Pseudomonas aeruginosa LP5. Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation, 5, 1-7.
18. [18] Siles, J. A., Gutiérrez, M.C. Martín, M. A. and Martín, A, (2011), Physical–chemical and biomethanization treatments of wastewater from biodiesel manufacturing. Bioresource Technology, 102, 6348–6351.
19. [19] Hawrot-Paw, M. and Izwikow, M., (2015), Microbiome of soil contaminated by fuels. Folia Pomeranae Universitatis Technologiae Stetinensis, 322, 57–66.
20. [20] Makareviciene, V. and Janulis, P., (2003), Environmental effect of rapeseed oil ethyl ester. Renewable Energy, 28, 2395-2403.
21. [21] Pasqualino, J. C., Montané, D. and Salvadó, J., (2006), Synergic effects of biodiesel in the biodegradability of fossil-derived fuels. Biomass Bioenergy, 30, 874-879.
22. [22] Mariano, A. P., Tomasella, R. C., Oliveira, L. M., Contiero, J. and Angelis, D. F. (2008). Biodegradability of diesel and biodiesel blends. African Journal Biotechnology 7: 1323-1328.