Squamous cell carcinomas constitute the majority of oral cavity tumors. Poor oral hygiene, smoking, chronic irritation and alcohol consumption are counted as etiological factors. In study, it was aimed to determine oxidative stress levels and some antioxidant activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase (CAT) in cancer of the lip and oral cavity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, SOD, GSH and CAT activities were measured using the spectrophotometric method. The results showed that SOD, CAT and GSH levels decreased significantly in the patient group (p<0.05), while MDA levels increased significantly (p<0.05). Lack of antioxidants can increase the development of oral and lip cancers.
[2] Essat, M., Cooper, K., Bessey, A., Clowes, M., Chilcott, J.B., Hunter, K.D., (2022), Diagnostic accuracy of conventional oral examination for detecting oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients with clinically evident oral lesions: Systematic review and meta-analysis, Head & Neck, 44, 998-1013. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26992
[3] Petersen, P.E., (2005), Oral cancer prevention and control the approach of the World Health Organization, Oral oncology, 45, 454-460.
[4] Radoï, L., Luce, D., (2013), A review of risk factors for oral cavity cancer: the importance of a standardized case definition, Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol., 41, 97-109.
[5] Cerutti, P.A., (2006), Oxy-radicals and cancer, Lancet, 344, 862-863.
[6] Valko, M., Rhodes, C.J., Moncol, J., Izakovic, M., Mazur, M., (2006), Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer, Chemico-Biological Interactions, 160, 1-40.
[7] Salganik, R.I., (2001), The benefits and hazards of antioxidants: controlling apoptosis and other protective mechanisms in cancer patients and the human population, J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 20, 464-472.
[8] Marklund, S.L., Holme, E., Hellner, L., (1982), Superoxide dismutase in extracellular fluids, Clin. Chim. Acta, 126, 41-51.
[9] Aebi, H., (1984), Catalase. (in) methods in enzymology, L. Packer(Editör), Academic Pres, Orlando, 105, 121-126.
[10] Beutler, E., Duron, O., Kelly, B.M., (1963), Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione, J. Lab. Clin. Med., 61, 882-888.
[11] Gutteridge, J.M., (1995), Lipit peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage, Clin. Chem., 41(12), 1819-1828.
[17] Malathi, M., Vijaya, M., Shivashankara, A.R., (2011), The role of oxidative stress and the effect of radiotherapy on the plasma oxidant-antioxidant status in head and neck cancer, J. Clin. Diagnostic Res., 5, 249-251.
[18] Stohs, S.J., Al-Bayati, Z.F., Hassan, M.Q., Murray, W.J., Mohammedpeur, H.A., (1986), Glutathione peroxidase and reactive oxygen species in TCDD-induced lipid peroxidation, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 197, 357-65.
[19] Masella, R., Di-Benedetto, R., Vari, R., Filesi, C., Giovannini, C., (2005), Novel mechanisms of natural antioxidant compounds in biological systems: involvement of glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes, J. Nutr. Biochem., 16, 577-586.
[20] Richie, J. P., Kleinman, W., Marina, P., Abraham, P., Wynder, E. L., Muscat, J. E., (2008), Blood iron, glutathione, and micronutrient levels and the risk of oral cancer, Nutrition and cancer, 60(4), 474-482.
[21] Das, S., Kar Mahapatra, S., Gautam, N., Das, A., Roy, S., (2007), Oxidative stress in lymphocytes, neutrophils, and serum of oral cavity cancer patients: modulatory array of L-glutamine, Supportive care in cancer, 15(12), 1399-1405.
[22] Nuszkiewicz, J., Czuczejko, J., Maruszak, M., Pawłowska, M., Woźniak, A., Małkowski, B., Szewczyk-Golec, K., (2021), Parameters of oxidative stress, vitamin d, osteopontin, and melatonin in patients with lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancer, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021, 13.
[23] Crapo, J.D., Oury, T., Rabouille, C., Slot, J.W., Chang, L.Y., (1992), Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase is primarily a cytosolic protein in human cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 10405-10409.
[24] Bale, R., Kattappagari, K. K., Vidya, D., Vuddandi, S., Gummalla, C., & Baddam, V. R. R., (2017), Oral submucous fibrosis: A quantitative assessment of serum malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and correlation with clinical staging. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology: JOMFP, 21(1), 41.
[2] Essat, M., Cooper, K., Bessey, A., Clowes, M., Chilcott, J.B., Hunter, K.D., (2022), Diagnostic accuracy of conventional oral examination for detecting oral cavity cancer and potentially malignant disorders in patients with clinically evident oral lesions: Systematic review and meta-analysis, Head & Neck, 44, 998-1013. https://doi.org/10.1002/hed.26992
[3] Petersen, P.E., (2005), Oral cancer prevention and control the approach of the World Health Organization, Oral oncology, 45, 454-460.
[4] Radoï, L., Luce, D., (2013), A review of risk factors for oral cavity cancer: the importance of a standardized case definition, Community Dent. Oral Epidemiol., 41, 97-109.
[5] Cerutti, P.A., (2006), Oxy-radicals and cancer, Lancet, 344, 862-863.
[6] Valko, M., Rhodes, C.J., Moncol, J., Izakovic, M., Mazur, M., (2006), Free radicals, metals and antioxidants in oxidative stress-induced cancer, Chemico-Biological Interactions, 160, 1-40.
[7] Salganik, R.I., (2001), The benefits and hazards of antioxidants: controlling apoptosis and other protective mechanisms in cancer patients and the human population, J. Am. Coll. Nutr., 20, 464-472.
[8] Marklund, S.L., Holme, E., Hellner, L., (1982), Superoxide dismutase in extracellular fluids, Clin. Chim. Acta, 126, 41-51.
[9] Aebi, H., (1984), Catalase. (in) methods in enzymology, L. Packer(Editör), Academic Pres, Orlando, 105, 121-126.
[10] Beutler, E., Duron, O., Kelly, B.M., (1963), Improved method for the determination of blood glutathione, J. Lab. Clin. Med., 61, 882-888.
[11] Gutteridge, J.M., (1995), Lipit peroxidation and antioxidants as biomarkers of tissue damage, Clin. Chem., 41(12), 1819-1828.
[17] Malathi, M., Vijaya, M., Shivashankara, A.R., (2011), The role of oxidative stress and the effect of radiotherapy on the plasma oxidant-antioxidant status in head and neck cancer, J. Clin. Diagnostic Res., 5, 249-251.
[18] Stohs, S.J., Al-Bayati, Z.F., Hassan, M.Q., Murray, W.J., Mohammedpeur, H.A., (1986), Glutathione peroxidase and reactive oxygen species in TCDD-induced lipid peroxidation, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol., 197, 357-65.
[19] Masella, R., Di-Benedetto, R., Vari, R., Filesi, C., Giovannini, C., (2005), Novel mechanisms of natural antioxidant compounds in biological systems: involvement of glutathione and glutathione-related enzymes, J. Nutr. Biochem., 16, 577-586.
[20] Richie, J. P., Kleinman, W., Marina, P., Abraham, P., Wynder, E. L., Muscat, J. E., (2008), Blood iron, glutathione, and micronutrient levels and the risk of oral cancer, Nutrition and cancer, 60(4), 474-482.
[21] Das, S., Kar Mahapatra, S., Gautam, N., Das, A., Roy, S., (2007), Oxidative stress in lymphocytes, neutrophils, and serum of oral cavity cancer patients: modulatory array of L-glutamine, Supportive care in cancer, 15(12), 1399-1405.
[22] Nuszkiewicz, J., Czuczejko, J., Maruszak, M., Pawłowska, M., Woźniak, A., Małkowski, B., Szewczyk-Golec, K., (2021), Parameters of oxidative stress, vitamin d, osteopontin, and melatonin in patients with lip, oral cavity, and pharyngeal cancer, Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2021, 13.
[23] Crapo, J.D., Oury, T., Rabouille, C., Slot, J.W., Chang, L.Y., (1992), Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase is primarily a cytosolic protein in human cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89, 10405-10409.
[24] Bale, R., Kattappagari, K. K., Vidya, D., Vuddandi, S., Gummalla, C., & Baddam, V. R. R., (2017), Oral submucous fibrosis: A quantitative assessment of serum malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and correlation with clinical staging. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology: JOMFP, 21(1), 41.
A. H. Mer, H. Özkol, H. Demir, Ş. Belli, C. Demir, and A. Aslan, “DETERMINATION of SOME ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES and OXIDATIVE STRESS LEVES in PATIENTS with LIP and ORAL CAVITY CANCER”, JSR-A, no. 051, pp. 49–56, December 2022.