Year 2023,
Issue: 053, 189 - 208, 30.06.2023
Muhammet Kaan Yeşilyurt
,
Nesrin Adıgüzel
,
Orhan Yıldırım
,
Ömer Çomaklı
,
Faraz Afshari
References
- [1] Min, C., Li, H., Gao, X., Wang, K., and Xie, L. (2021). Numerical investigation of convective heat transfer enhancement by a combination of vortex generator and in-tube inserts, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 127, 105490, doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105490.
- [2] Sarada, S. N., Raju, A. V. Sita Rama, and Radha, K. K. (2010). Experimental numerical analysis enhancement of heat transfer in a horizontal circular tube using mesh inserts in turbulent region, European Journal of Mechanical and Environmental Engineering, 2, 3–18. [Online]. Available: http://www.bsmee.be/ejmee/ejmee20102.pdf
- [3] Cao, Z., Wu, Z., Luan, H., and Sunden, B. (2017). Numerical study on heat transfer enhancement for laminar flow in a tube with mesh conical frustum inserts, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 72, 1, 21–39, doi: 10.1080/10407782.2017.1353386.
- [4] Mousa, M. H., Miljkovic, N., and Nawaz, K. (2021). Review of heat transfer enhancement techniques for single phase flows, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 137, 110566, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110566.
- [5] Jassim, N. A., Abdul Hussin, K., and Abdul Abbass, N. Y. (2017). Numerical investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Circular Tube using Twisted Tape Inserts and Nanotechnology, ejuow, 5, 2, 42–54, doi: 10.31185/ejuow.Vol5.Iss2.57.
- [6] Jinxing, W., Chao, W., Mingqiang, W., Yanhui, L., and Yafei, L. (2017). Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Circular Tube with Twisted Tape Inserts, Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science). [Online]. Available: https://en.cnki.com.cn/article_en/cjfdtotal-zzgy201703003.htm
- [7] Chamoli, S., Lu, R., Xie, J., and Yu, P. (2018). Numerical study on flow structure and heat transfer in a circular tube integrated with novel anchor shaped inserts, Applıed Thermal Engıneerıng, 135, 304–324, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.02.052.
- [8] Liu, P., Zheng, N., Shan, F., Liu, Z., and Liu, W. (2018). An experimental and numerical study on the laminar heat transfer and flow characteristics of a circular tube fitted with multiple conical strips inserts, Internatıonal Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 117, 691–709, doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.10.035.
- [9] Waghole, D. R. (2018). Experimental and numerical investigation on heat transfer augmentation in a circular tube under forced convection with annular differential blockages/inserts (in En;en). Heat Mass Transfer, 54, 6, 1841–1846, doi: 10.1007/s00231-018-2276-8.
- [10] Mohammed, H. A., Ali Abuobeida, I. A., Vuthaluru, H. B., and Liu, S. (2019). Two-phase forced convection of nanofluids flow in circular tubes using convergent and divergent conical rings inserts, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 101, 10–20, doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2018.12.010.
- [11] Nikoozadeh, A., Behzadmehr, A., and Payan, S. (2020). Numerical investigation of turbulent heat transfer enhancement using combined propeller-type turbulator and nanofluid in a circular tube (in En;en). J Therm Anal Calorim, 140, 3, 1029–1044, doi: 10.1007/s10973-019-08578-x.
- [12] Liu, H., Zheng, G., Man, C., Jiang, K., and Lv, X. (2021). Numerical and Experimental Studies on Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Circular Tube Inserted with Twisted Tape Inserts, AJEE, 9, 2, 30, doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20210902.12.
- [13] Shivamallaiah, M. M. and Fernandes, D. V. (2021). Numerical investigation of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of circular tube fitted with an array of semi-elliptical vortex generator inserts, Cogent Engineering, 8, 1, doi: 10.1080/23311916.2021.1968742.
- [14] Karagoz, S., Afshari, F., Yildirim, O., and Comakli, O. (2017). Experimental and numerical investigation of the cylindrical blade tube inserts effect on the heat transfer enhancement in the horizontal pipe exchangers, Heat Mass Transfer, 53, 9, 2769–2784, doi: 10.1007/s00231-017-2021-8.
- [15] Zheng, N., Liu, P., Wang, X., Shan, F., Liu, Z., and Liu, W. (2017). Numerical simulation and optimization of heat transfer enhancement in a heat exchanger tube fitted with vortex rod inserts, Applied Thermal Engineering, 123, 471–484, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.05.112.
- [16] Raheemah, S. H., Ashham, M. A., and Salman, K. (2019). Numerical investigation on enhancement of heat transfer using rod inserts in single pipe heat exchanger, JMES, 13, 4, 6112–6124, doi: 10.15282/jmes.13.4.2019.24.0480.
- [17] Anvari, A. R., Javaherdeh, K., Emami-Meibodi, M., and Rashidi, A. M. (2014). Numerical and experimental investigation of heat transfer behavior in a round tube with the special conical ring inserts, Energy Conversion and Management, 88, 214–217, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.030.
- [18] Adiguzel, N. and Göcücü, A. (2021). Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Ring Turbulators on Heat Transfer in Two-Phase Flow (in En;en). Iran J Sci Technol Trans Mech Eng, 1–10, doi: 10.1007/s40997-021-00472-y.
- [19] Outokesh, M., Ajarostaghi, S. S. M., Bozorgzadeh, A., and Sedighi, K. (2020). Numerical evaluation of the effect of utilizing twisted tape with curved profile as a turbulator on heat transfer enhancement in a pipe (in En;en). J Therm Anal Calorim, 140, 3, 1537–1553, doi: 10.1007/s10973-020-09336-0.
- [20] Mashayekhi, R., Arasteh, H., Toghraie, D., Motaharpour, S. H., Keshmiri, A., and Afrand, M. (2020). Heat transfer enhancement of Water-Al2O3 nanofluid in an oval channel equipped with two rows of twisted conical strip inserts in various directions: A two-phase approach, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 79, 8, 2203–2215, doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2019.10.024.
- [21] Agrebi, S., Solano, J. P., Snoussi, A., and ben Brahim, A. (2015). Numerical simulation of convective heat transfer in tube with wire coil inserts in 2015 World Symposium on Mechatronics Engineering & Applied Physics (WSMEAP).
- [22] Abas, E. F., Weis, M. M., and Ridha, A. S. (2018). Experimental and Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger using Helical Coiled Wire Inserts, Tikrit j. eng. sci., 25, 2, doi: 10.25130/tjes.25.2.10.
- [23] Tatsumi, K., Iwai, H., and Inaoka, K. (2002). Numerical simulation for heat and fluid characteristics of square duct with discrete rib turbulators, Internatıonal Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 45, 21, 4353–4359, doi: 10.1016/S0017-9310(02)00141-2.
- [24] Yakut, K., Sahin, B., and Canbazoglu, S. (2004). Performance and flow-induced vibration characteristics for conical-ring turbulators, Applied Energy, 79, 1, 65–76, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2003.11.002.
- [25] Salman, S. D., Kadhum, A. A. H., Takriff, M. S., and Mohamad, A. B. (2013). Numerical investigation of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics in a circular tube fitted with V-cut twisted tape inserts, Scıentıfıc World Journal, 2013, 492762, doi: 10.1155/2013/492762.
- [26] Omeroglu, G., Comakli, O., Karagoz, S., and Sahin, B. (2013). Experimental Research of Dynamic Instabilities in the Presence of Coiled Wire Inserts on Two-Phase Flow, Scıentıfıc World Journal, doi: 10.1155/2013/714180.
- [27] Alam, T., Saini, R. P., and Saini, J. S. (2014). Heat and flow characteristics of air heater ducts provided with turbulators—A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 31, 289–304, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.11.050.
- [28] Razzaghi, H., Layeghi, M., Goodarzi, S., and Lotfizadeh, H. (2014). Numerical analysis of the effects of changeable transverse and longitudinal pitches and porous media inserts on heat transfer from an elliptic tube bundle, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Vol. 52 nr 3. [Online]. Available: https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-f94cf59a-7087-451e-870a-ccd81ae53e56
- [29] Yeşilyurt, M. K., Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Conical Springs on In-Pipe Heat Transfer and Flow Instability in Two-Phase Flows. Master Thesis, Atatürk University, 2015.
- [30] Sheikholeslami, M. and Ganji, D. D. (2016). Heat transfer enhancement in an air to water heat exchanger with discontinuous helical turbulators; experimental and numerical studies, Energy, 116, 341–352, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.09.120.
- [31] Li, P., Liu, P., Liu, Z., and Liu, W. (2017). Experimental and numerical study on the heat transfer and flow performance for the circular tube fitted with drainage inserts, Internatıonal Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 107, 686–696, doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.11.094.
- [32] Karuppasamy, M., Saravanan, R., Chandrasekaran, M., and Muthuraman, V. (2020). Numerical exploration of heat transfer in a heat exchanger tube with cone shape inserts and Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids, Materials Today: Proceedings, 21, 940–947, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.242.
[33] Yadav, S. and Sahu, S. K. (2019). Heat transfer augmentation in double pipe water to air counter flow heat exchanger with helical surface disc turbulators, Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, 135, 120–132, doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2018.11.018.
- [34] Jiang, G., Gao, J., and Shi, X. (2019). Flow and heat transfer characteristics of mist/steam two-phase flow in the U-shaped cooling passage with 60 deg. ribs, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 105, 73–83, doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2019.02.023.
- [35] Sheikholeslami, M., Abohamzeh, E., Jafaryar, M., Shafee, A., and Babazadeh, H. (2020). CuO nanomaterial two-phase simulation within a tube with enhanced turbulator, Powder Technology, 373, 1–13, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.06.017.
- [36] Jiang, G., Gao, J., Shi, X., Li, F., and Xu, L. (2020). Reprint of: Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of the Mist/Steam Two-Phase Flow Cooling the Rectangular Channel with Column-Row-Ribs, Internatıonal Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 161, 120236, doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120236.
- [37] Khetib, Y., Sedraoui, K., Melaibari, A. A., and Alsulami, R. (2021). The numerical investigation of spherical grooves on thermal–hydraulic behavior and exergy efficiency of two-phase hybrid MWCNT-Al2O3/water nanofluid in a parabolic solar collector, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 47, 101530, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2021.101530.
- [38] Xiong, Q., Izadi, M., Shokri rad, M., Shehzad, S. A., and Mohammed, H. A. (2021). 3D Numerical Study of Conical and Fusiform Turbulators for Heat Transfer Improvement in a Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger, Internatıonal Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 170, 120995, doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.120995.
- [39] Bashtani, I., Esfahani, J. A., and Kim, K. C. (2021). Effects of water-aluminum oxide nanofluid on double pipe heat exchanger with gear disc turbulators: A numerical investigation, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 124, 63–74, doi: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.05.001.
- [40] Ajarostaghi, S. S. M., Aghanezhad, M., Davudi, H., and Amiri, M. M. (2021). Numerical evaluation of the heat transfer enhancement in a tube with a curved conical turbulator insert, International Journal of Ambient Energy, 1–14, doi: 10.1080/01430750.2021.1945490.
THE EFFECTS OF CIRCULAR INSERTS ON THE THERMAL AND FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN A HORIZONTAL PIPE EXCHANGER: A NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION
Year 2023,
Issue: 053, 189 - 208, 30.06.2023
Muhammet Kaan Yeşilyurt
,
Nesrin Adıgüzel
,
Orhan Yıldırım
,
Ömer Çomaklı
,
Faraz Afshari
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to numerically investigate the effects of circular inserts placed inside a circular tube in order to evaluate the heat transfer characteristics under different operating conditions. Computational Fluid Dynamics methods were used to solve the model, which is a heat pipe with an outer diameter of 21 mm equipped with circular inserts with a distance of 20 cm. Different mass flow rates of the heat transfer fluid, including 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 g/s were examined, and the thermal behavior of the turbulators and the flow structure were investigated. R19.0 version of ANSYS Fluent software was used as the CFD program to obtain the desired results and contours. From the results, it was found that circular inserts can be used in heat pipes to produce vortices and thus improve the heat transfer.
References
- [1] Min, C., Li, H., Gao, X., Wang, K., and Xie, L. (2021). Numerical investigation of convective heat transfer enhancement by a combination of vortex generator and in-tube inserts, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 127, 105490, doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105490.
- [2] Sarada, S. N., Raju, A. V. Sita Rama, and Radha, K. K. (2010). Experimental numerical analysis enhancement of heat transfer in a horizontal circular tube using mesh inserts in turbulent region, European Journal of Mechanical and Environmental Engineering, 2, 3–18. [Online]. Available: http://www.bsmee.be/ejmee/ejmee20102.pdf
- [3] Cao, Z., Wu, Z., Luan, H., and Sunden, B. (2017). Numerical study on heat transfer enhancement for laminar flow in a tube with mesh conical frustum inserts, Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications, 72, 1, 21–39, doi: 10.1080/10407782.2017.1353386.
- [4] Mousa, M. H., Miljkovic, N., and Nawaz, K. (2021). Review of heat transfer enhancement techniques for single phase flows, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 137, 110566, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110566.
- [5] Jassim, N. A., Abdul Hussin, K., and Abdul Abbass, N. Y. (2017). Numerical investigation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Circular Tube using Twisted Tape Inserts and Nanotechnology, ejuow, 5, 2, 42–54, doi: 10.31185/ejuow.Vol5.Iss2.57.
- [6] Jinxing, W., Chao, W., Mingqiang, W., Yanhui, L., and Yafei, L. (2017). Numerical Simulation of Turbulent Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in a Circular Tube with Twisted Tape Inserts, Journal of Zhengzhou University (Engineering Science). [Online]. Available: https://en.cnki.com.cn/article_en/cjfdtotal-zzgy201703003.htm
- [7] Chamoli, S., Lu, R., Xie, J., and Yu, P. (2018). Numerical study on flow structure and heat transfer in a circular tube integrated with novel anchor shaped inserts, Applıed Thermal Engıneerıng, 135, 304–324, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2018.02.052.
- [8] Liu, P., Zheng, N., Shan, F., Liu, Z., and Liu, W. (2018). An experimental and numerical study on the laminar heat transfer and flow characteristics of a circular tube fitted with multiple conical strips inserts, Internatıonal Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 117, 691–709, doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.10.035.
- [9] Waghole, D. R. (2018). Experimental and numerical investigation on heat transfer augmentation in a circular tube under forced convection with annular differential blockages/inserts (in En;en). Heat Mass Transfer, 54, 6, 1841–1846, doi: 10.1007/s00231-018-2276-8.
- [10] Mohammed, H. A., Ali Abuobeida, I. A., Vuthaluru, H. B., and Liu, S. (2019). Two-phase forced convection of nanofluids flow in circular tubes using convergent and divergent conical rings inserts, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 101, 10–20, doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2018.12.010.
- [11] Nikoozadeh, A., Behzadmehr, A., and Payan, S. (2020). Numerical investigation of turbulent heat transfer enhancement using combined propeller-type turbulator and nanofluid in a circular tube (in En;en). J Therm Anal Calorim, 140, 3, 1029–1044, doi: 10.1007/s10973-019-08578-x.
- [12] Liu, H., Zheng, G., Man, C., Jiang, K., and Lv, X. (2021). Numerical and Experimental Studies on Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Circular Tube Inserted with Twisted Tape Inserts, AJEE, 9, 2, 30, doi: 10.11648/j.ajee.20210902.12.
- [13] Shivamallaiah, M. M. and Fernandes, D. V. (2021). Numerical investigation of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of circular tube fitted with an array of semi-elliptical vortex generator inserts, Cogent Engineering, 8, 1, doi: 10.1080/23311916.2021.1968742.
- [14] Karagoz, S., Afshari, F., Yildirim, O., and Comakli, O. (2017). Experimental and numerical investigation of the cylindrical blade tube inserts effect on the heat transfer enhancement in the horizontal pipe exchangers, Heat Mass Transfer, 53, 9, 2769–2784, doi: 10.1007/s00231-017-2021-8.
- [15] Zheng, N., Liu, P., Wang, X., Shan, F., Liu, Z., and Liu, W. (2017). Numerical simulation and optimization of heat transfer enhancement in a heat exchanger tube fitted with vortex rod inserts, Applied Thermal Engineering, 123, 471–484, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.05.112.
- [16] Raheemah, S. H., Ashham, M. A., and Salman, K. (2019). Numerical investigation on enhancement of heat transfer using rod inserts in single pipe heat exchanger, JMES, 13, 4, 6112–6124, doi: 10.15282/jmes.13.4.2019.24.0480.
- [17] Anvari, A. R., Javaherdeh, K., Emami-Meibodi, M., and Rashidi, A. M. (2014). Numerical and experimental investigation of heat transfer behavior in a round tube with the special conical ring inserts, Energy Conversion and Management, 88, 214–217, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2014.08.030.
- [18] Adiguzel, N. and Göcücü, A. (2021). Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Ring Turbulators on Heat Transfer in Two-Phase Flow (in En;en). Iran J Sci Technol Trans Mech Eng, 1–10, doi: 10.1007/s40997-021-00472-y.
- [19] Outokesh, M., Ajarostaghi, S. S. M., Bozorgzadeh, A., and Sedighi, K. (2020). Numerical evaluation of the effect of utilizing twisted tape with curved profile as a turbulator on heat transfer enhancement in a pipe (in En;en). J Therm Anal Calorim, 140, 3, 1537–1553, doi: 10.1007/s10973-020-09336-0.
- [20] Mashayekhi, R., Arasteh, H., Toghraie, D., Motaharpour, S. H., Keshmiri, A., and Afrand, M. (2020). Heat transfer enhancement of Water-Al2O3 nanofluid in an oval channel equipped with two rows of twisted conical strip inserts in various directions: A two-phase approach, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 79, 8, 2203–2215, doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2019.10.024.
- [21] Agrebi, S., Solano, J. P., Snoussi, A., and ben Brahim, A. (2015). Numerical simulation of convective heat transfer in tube with wire coil inserts in 2015 World Symposium on Mechatronics Engineering & Applied Physics (WSMEAP).
- [22] Abas, E. F., Weis, M. M., and Ridha, A. S. (2018). Experimental and Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger using Helical Coiled Wire Inserts, Tikrit j. eng. sci., 25, 2, doi: 10.25130/tjes.25.2.10.
- [23] Tatsumi, K., Iwai, H., and Inaoka, K. (2002). Numerical simulation for heat and fluid characteristics of square duct with discrete rib turbulators, Internatıonal Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 45, 21, 4353–4359, doi: 10.1016/S0017-9310(02)00141-2.
- [24] Yakut, K., Sahin, B., and Canbazoglu, S. (2004). Performance and flow-induced vibration characteristics for conical-ring turbulators, Applied Energy, 79, 1, 65–76, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2003.11.002.
- [25] Salman, S. D., Kadhum, A. A. H., Takriff, M. S., and Mohamad, A. B. (2013). Numerical investigation of heat transfer and friction factor characteristics in a circular tube fitted with V-cut twisted tape inserts, Scıentıfıc World Journal, 2013, 492762, doi: 10.1155/2013/492762.
- [26] Omeroglu, G., Comakli, O., Karagoz, S., and Sahin, B. (2013). Experimental Research of Dynamic Instabilities in the Presence of Coiled Wire Inserts on Two-Phase Flow, Scıentıfıc World Journal, doi: 10.1155/2013/714180.
- [27] Alam, T., Saini, R. P., and Saini, J. S. (2014). Heat and flow characteristics of air heater ducts provided with turbulators—A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 31, 289–304, doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2013.11.050.
- [28] Razzaghi, H., Layeghi, M., Goodarzi, S., and Lotfizadeh, H. (2014). Numerical analysis of the effects of changeable transverse and longitudinal pitches and porous media inserts on heat transfer from an elliptic tube bundle, Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, Vol. 52 nr 3. [Online]. Available: https://yadda.icm.edu.pl/baztech/element/bwmeta1.element.baztech-f94cf59a-7087-451e-870a-ccd81ae53e56
- [29] Yeşilyurt, M. K., Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Conical Springs on In-Pipe Heat Transfer and Flow Instability in Two-Phase Flows. Master Thesis, Atatürk University, 2015.
- [30] Sheikholeslami, M. and Ganji, D. D. (2016). Heat transfer enhancement in an air to water heat exchanger with discontinuous helical turbulators; experimental and numerical studies, Energy, 116, 341–352, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.09.120.
- [31] Li, P., Liu, P., Liu, Z., and Liu, W. (2017). Experimental and numerical study on the heat transfer and flow performance for the circular tube fitted with drainage inserts, Internatıonal Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 107, 686–696, doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2016.11.094.
- [32] Karuppasamy, M., Saravanan, R., Chandrasekaran, M., and Muthuraman, V. (2020). Numerical exploration of heat transfer in a heat exchanger tube with cone shape inserts and Al2O3 and CuO nanofluids, Materials Today: Proceedings, 21, 940–947, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.242.
[33] Yadav, S. and Sahu, S. K. (2019). Heat transfer augmentation in double pipe water to air counter flow heat exchanger with helical surface disc turbulators, Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification, 135, 120–132, doi: 10.1016/j.cep.2018.11.018.
- [34] Jiang, G., Gao, J., and Shi, X. (2019). Flow and heat transfer characteristics of mist/steam two-phase flow in the U-shaped cooling passage with 60 deg. ribs, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 105, 73–83, doi: 10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2019.02.023.
- [35] Sheikholeslami, M., Abohamzeh, E., Jafaryar, M., Shafee, A., and Babazadeh, H. (2020). CuO nanomaterial two-phase simulation within a tube with enhanced turbulator, Powder Technology, 373, 1–13, doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2020.06.017.
- [36] Jiang, G., Gao, J., Shi, X., Li, F., and Xu, L. (2020). Reprint of: Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of the Mist/Steam Two-Phase Flow Cooling the Rectangular Channel with Column-Row-Ribs, Internatıonal Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 161, 120236, doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2020.120236.
- [37] Khetib, Y., Sedraoui, K., Melaibari, A. A., and Alsulami, R. (2021). The numerical investigation of spherical grooves on thermal–hydraulic behavior and exergy efficiency of two-phase hybrid MWCNT-Al2O3/water nanofluid in a parabolic solar collector, Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 47, 101530, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2021.101530.
- [38] Xiong, Q., Izadi, M., Shokri rad, M., Shehzad, S. A., and Mohammed, H. A. (2021). 3D Numerical Study of Conical and Fusiform Turbulators for Heat Transfer Improvement in a Double-Pipe Heat Exchanger, Internatıonal Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 170, 120995, doi: 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.120995.
- [39] Bashtani, I., Esfahani, J. A., and Kim, K. C. (2021). Effects of water-aluminum oxide nanofluid on double pipe heat exchanger with gear disc turbulators: A numerical investigation, Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 124, 63–74, doi: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.05.001.
- [40] Ajarostaghi, S. S. M., Aghanezhad, M., Davudi, H., and Amiri, M. M. (2021). Numerical evaluation of the heat transfer enhancement in a tube with a curved conical turbulator insert, International Journal of Ambient Energy, 1–14, doi: 10.1080/01430750.2021.1945490.