EFFECTS OF WIND SPEED AND MOUNTING TYPE ON PV MODULE IN UNBALANCED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
Yıl 2023,
Sayı: 054, 94 - 107, 30.09.2023
Salman Ahmed Nur
,
Selcuk Emiroglu
Öz
This paper assesses the effects of wind speed and mounting type on the performance of photovoltaic (PV) modules in the three phase unbalanced IEEE 34 node distribution system. The study was conducted in OpenDSS considering ZIP load model and residential load shape. The module temperature was calculated considering the wind speed and mounting type of the PV panel. The impact of wind speed on PV has been analyzed using three different wind data sets. Furthermore, free standing and flat roof mounting types were considered to evaluate the effect of mounting configuration. It was found that integrating PV into the distribution system reduced substation demand and energy losses. Results also show that the PV produced more power in high wind speed scenarios than in low wind speed scenarios. Regarding the mounting configuration, the PV incorporated with free standing configuration generated more power than the flat roof mounting type.
Kaynakça
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- [2] Victoria, M., Haegel, N., Peters, I. M., Sinton, R., Jäger-Waldau, A., del Canizo, C., Breyer, C., Stocks, M., Blakers, A., Kaizuka, I., Komoto, K. (2021). Solar photovoltaics is ready to power a sustainable future. Joule, 5(5), 1041-1056.
- [3] Dash, P. K., Gupta, N. C. (2015). Effect of temperature on power output from different commercially available photovoltaic modules. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 5(1), 148-151.
- [4] Dubey, S., Sarvaiya, J. N., Seshadri, B. (2013). Temperature dependent photovoltaic (PV) efficiency and its effect on PV production in the world–a review. Energy procedia, 33, 311-321.
- [5] Rahman, M. M., Hasanuzzaman, M., Rahim, N. A. (2015). Effects of various parameters on PV-module power and efficiency. Energy Conversion and Management, 103, 348-358.
- [6] Kawajiri, K., Oozeki, T., Genchi, Y. (2011). Effect of temperature on PV potential in the world. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(20), 9030-9035.
- [7] Skoplaki, E., Boudouvis, A. G., Palyvos, J. A. (2008). A simple correlation for the operating temperature of photovoltaic modules of arbitrary mounting. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 92(11), 1393-1402.
- [8] Griffith, J. S., Rathod, M. S., Paslaski, J. (1981). Some tests of flat plate photovoltaic module cell temperatures in simulated field conditions. In 15th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 822-830.
- [9] Al–Bashir, A., Al-Dweri, M., Al–Ghandoor, A., Hammad, B., Al–Kouz, W. (2019). Analysis of effects of solar irradiance, cell temperature and wind speed on photovoltaic systems performance.
- [10] Goverde, H., Goossens, D., Govaerts, J., Dubey, V., Catthoor, F., Baert, K., Poortmans, J. Driesen, J., (2015). Spatial and temporal analysis of wind effects on PV module temperature and performance. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 11, 36-41.
- [11] Tahir, Z.R., Kanwal, A., Asim, M., Bilal, M., Abdullah, M., Saleem, S., Mujtaba, M.A., Veza, I., Mousa, M. Kalam, M.A., (2022). Effect of Temperature and Wind Speed on Efficiency of Five Photovoltaic Module Technologies for Different Climatic Zones. Sustainability, 14(23), 15810.
- [12] Gökmen, N., Hu, W., Hou, P., Chen, Z., Sera, D., Spataru, S. (2016). Investigation of wind speed cooling effect on PV panels in windy locations. Renewable Energy, 90, 283-290.
- [13] Schwingshackl, C., Petitta, M., Wagner, J.E., Belluardo, G., Moser, D., Castelli, M., Zebisch, M. Tetzlaff, A. (2013). Wind effect on PV module temperature: Analysis of different techniques for an accurate estimation. Energy Procedia, 40, 77-86.
- [14] Kaplani, E., Kaplanis, S. (2014). Thermal modelling and experimental assessment of the dependence of PV module temperature on wind velocity and direction, module orientation and inclination. Solar Energy, 107, 443-460.
- [15] Said, S. A., Al-Aqeeli, N., Walwil, H. M. (2015). The potential of using textured and anti-reflective coated glasses in minimizing dust fouling. Solar Energy, 113, 295-302.
- [16] Hasan, K., Yousuf, S. B., Tushar, M. S. H. K., Das, B. K., Das, P., Islam, M. S. (2022). Effects of different environmental and operational factors on the PV performance: A comprehensive review. Energy Science & Engineering, 10(2), 656-675.
- [17] Koehl, M., Heck, M., Wiesmeier, S., Wirth, J. (2011). Modeling of the nominal operating cell temperature based on outdoor weathering. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 95(7), 1638-1646.
- [18] Mattei, M., Notton, G., Cristofari, C., Muselli, M., Poggi, P. (2006). Calculation of the polycrystalline PV module temperature using a simple method of energy balance. Renewable energy, 31(4), 553-567.
- [19] Kurtz, S., Whitfield, K., TamizhMani, G., Koehl, M., Miller, D., Joyce, J., Wohlgemuth, J., Bosco, N., Kempe, M. Zgonena, T. (2011). Evaluation of high‐temperature exposure of photovoltaic modules. Progress in photovoltaics: Research and applications, 19(8), 954-965.
- [20] Kaplanis, S., Kaplani, E., Kaldellis, J. K. (2022). PV temperature and performance prediction in free-standing, BIPV and BAPV incorporating the effect of temperature and inclination on the heat transfer coefficients and the impact of wind, efficiency and ageing. Renewable Energy, 181, 235-249.
- [21] Wijeratne, W. P. U., Yang, R. J., Too, E., Wakefield, R. (2019). Design and development of distributed solar PV systems: Do the current tools work?. Sustainable cities and society, 45, 553-578.
- [22] Stapleton, G., Neill, S. (2012). Grid-connected solar electric systems: the earthscan expert handbook for planning, design and installation. Routledge..
- [23] Awan, A. B., Alghassab, M., Zubair, M., Bhatti, A. R., Uzair, M., Abbas, G. (2020). Comparative analysis of ground-mounted vs. rooftop photovoltaic systems optimized for interrow distance between parallel arrays. Energies, 13(14), 3639.
- [24] Cura, D., Yilmaz, M., Koten, H., Senthilraja, S., Awad, M. M. (2022). Evaluation of the technical and economic aspects of solar photovoltaic plants under different climate conditions and feed-in tariff. Sustainable Cities and Society, 80, 103804.
- [25] Tamoor, M., Habib, S., Bhatti, A. R., Butt, A. D., Awan, A. B., Ahmed, E. M. (2022). Designing and energy estimation of photovoltaic energy generation system and prediction of plant performance with the variation of tilt angle and interrow spacing. Sustainability, 14(2), 627.
- [26] Kazim, W. (2015). Performance of PV Panel Mounting Structure for Flat Surface and Roof-Top in UAE Climatic Conditions. Int. J. of Sustainable Water & Environmental Systems, 7(1), 37-40.
- [27] Dugan, R. C., McDermott, T. E. (2011). An open source platform for collaborating on smart grid research. 2011 IEEE power and energy society general meeting, 1-7.
- [28] World Bank. World Bank via ENERGYDATA.info under a project funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). Retrieved march 9, 2023, from https://energydata.info/dataset/pakistan-solar-radiation-measurement-data.
- [29] Kerting, W. H. (1991). Radial distribution test feeders IEEE distribution planning working group report. IEEE Trans. Power Syst, 6(3), 975-985.
- [30] Diaz-Aguiló, M., Sandraz, J., Macwan, R., De Leon, F., Czarkowski, D., Comack, C., Wang, D. (2013). Field-validated load model for the analysis of CVR in distribution secondary networks: Energy conservation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 28(4), 2428-2436.
- [31] Emiroglu, S., Uyaroglu, Y., Ozdemir, G. (2017). Distributed Reactive Power Control based Conservation Voltage Reduction in Active Distribution Systems. Advances in Electrical & Computer Engineering, 17(4), 99-106.
Yıl 2023,
Sayı: 054, 94 - 107, 30.09.2023
Salman Ahmed Nur
,
Selcuk Emiroglu
Kaynakça
- [1] Petroleum, B. (2022). BP Statistical Review of World Energy, (71), 60.
- [2] Victoria, M., Haegel, N., Peters, I. M., Sinton, R., Jäger-Waldau, A., del Canizo, C., Breyer, C., Stocks, M., Blakers, A., Kaizuka, I., Komoto, K. (2021). Solar photovoltaics is ready to power a sustainable future. Joule, 5(5), 1041-1056.
- [3] Dash, P. K., Gupta, N. C. (2015). Effect of temperature on power output from different commercially available photovoltaic modules. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 5(1), 148-151.
- [4] Dubey, S., Sarvaiya, J. N., Seshadri, B. (2013). Temperature dependent photovoltaic (PV) efficiency and its effect on PV production in the world–a review. Energy procedia, 33, 311-321.
- [5] Rahman, M. M., Hasanuzzaman, M., Rahim, N. A. (2015). Effects of various parameters on PV-module power and efficiency. Energy Conversion and Management, 103, 348-358.
- [6] Kawajiri, K., Oozeki, T., Genchi, Y. (2011). Effect of temperature on PV potential in the world. Environmental Science & Technology, 45(20), 9030-9035.
- [7] Skoplaki, E., Boudouvis, A. G., Palyvos, J. A. (2008). A simple correlation for the operating temperature of photovoltaic modules of arbitrary mounting. Solar energy materials and solar cells, 92(11), 1393-1402.
- [8] Griffith, J. S., Rathod, M. S., Paslaski, J. (1981). Some tests of flat plate photovoltaic module cell temperatures in simulated field conditions. In 15th Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, 822-830.
- [9] Al–Bashir, A., Al-Dweri, M., Al–Ghandoor, A., Hammad, B., Al–Kouz, W. (2019). Analysis of effects of solar irradiance, cell temperature and wind speed on photovoltaic systems performance.
- [10] Goverde, H., Goossens, D., Govaerts, J., Dubey, V., Catthoor, F., Baert, K., Poortmans, J. Driesen, J., (2015). Spatial and temporal analysis of wind effects on PV module temperature and performance. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments, 11, 36-41.
- [11] Tahir, Z.R., Kanwal, A., Asim, M., Bilal, M., Abdullah, M., Saleem, S., Mujtaba, M.A., Veza, I., Mousa, M. Kalam, M.A., (2022). Effect of Temperature and Wind Speed on Efficiency of Five Photovoltaic Module Technologies for Different Climatic Zones. Sustainability, 14(23), 15810.
- [12] Gökmen, N., Hu, W., Hou, P., Chen, Z., Sera, D., Spataru, S. (2016). Investigation of wind speed cooling effect on PV panels in windy locations. Renewable Energy, 90, 283-290.
- [13] Schwingshackl, C., Petitta, M., Wagner, J.E., Belluardo, G., Moser, D., Castelli, M., Zebisch, M. Tetzlaff, A. (2013). Wind effect on PV module temperature: Analysis of different techniques for an accurate estimation. Energy Procedia, 40, 77-86.
- [14] Kaplani, E., Kaplanis, S. (2014). Thermal modelling and experimental assessment of the dependence of PV module temperature on wind velocity and direction, module orientation and inclination. Solar Energy, 107, 443-460.
- [15] Said, S. A., Al-Aqeeli, N., Walwil, H. M. (2015). The potential of using textured and anti-reflective coated glasses in minimizing dust fouling. Solar Energy, 113, 295-302.
- [16] Hasan, K., Yousuf, S. B., Tushar, M. S. H. K., Das, B. K., Das, P., Islam, M. S. (2022). Effects of different environmental and operational factors on the PV performance: A comprehensive review. Energy Science & Engineering, 10(2), 656-675.
- [17] Koehl, M., Heck, M., Wiesmeier, S., Wirth, J. (2011). Modeling of the nominal operating cell temperature based on outdoor weathering. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 95(7), 1638-1646.
- [18] Mattei, M., Notton, G., Cristofari, C., Muselli, M., Poggi, P. (2006). Calculation of the polycrystalline PV module temperature using a simple method of energy balance. Renewable energy, 31(4), 553-567.
- [19] Kurtz, S., Whitfield, K., TamizhMani, G., Koehl, M., Miller, D., Joyce, J., Wohlgemuth, J., Bosco, N., Kempe, M. Zgonena, T. (2011). Evaluation of high‐temperature exposure of photovoltaic modules. Progress in photovoltaics: Research and applications, 19(8), 954-965.
- [20] Kaplanis, S., Kaplani, E., Kaldellis, J. K. (2022). PV temperature and performance prediction in free-standing, BIPV and BAPV incorporating the effect of temperature and inclination on the heat transfer coefficients and the impact of wind, efficiency and ageing. Renewable Energy, 181, 235-249.
- [21] Wijeratne, W. P. U., Yang, R. J., Too, E., Wakefield, R. (2019). Design and development of distributed solar PV systems: Do the current tools work?. Sustainable cities and society, 45, 553-578.
- [22] Stapleton, G., Neill, S. (2012). Grid-connected solar electric systems: the earthscan expert handbook for planning, design and installation. Routledge..
- [23] Awan, A. B., Alghassab, M., Zubair, M., Bhatti, A. R., Uzair, M., Abbas, G. (2020). Comparative analysis of ground-mounted vs. rooftop photovoltaic systems optimized for interrow distance between parallel arrays. Energies, 13(14), 3639.
- [24] Cura, D., Yilmaz, M., Koten, H., Senthilraja, S., Awad, M. M. (2022). Evaluation of the technical and economic aspects of solar photovoltaic plants under different climate conditions and feed-in tariff. Sustainable Cities and Society, 80, 103804.
- [25] Tamoor, M., Habib, S., Bhatti, A. R., Butt, A. D., Awan, A. B., Ahmed, E. M. (2022). Designing and energy estimation of photovoltaic energy generation system and prediction of plant performance with the variation of tilt angle and interrow spacing. Sustainability, 14(2), 627.
- [26] Kazim, W. (2015). Performance of PV Panel Mounting Structure for Flat Surface and Roof-Top in UAE Climatic Conditions. Int. J. of Sustainable Water & Environmental Systems, 7(1), 37-40.
- [27] Dugan, R. C., McDermott, T. E. (2011). An open source platform for collaborating on smart grid research. 2011 IEEE power and energy society general meeting, 1-7.
- [28] World Bank. World Bank via ENERGYDATA.info under a project funded by the Energy Sector Management Assistance Program (ESMAP). Retrieved march 9, 2023, from https://energydata.info/dataset/pakistan-solar-radiation-measurement-data.
- [29] Kerting, W. H. (1991). Radial distribution test feeders IEEE distribution planning working group report. IEEE Trans. Power Syst, 6(3), 975-985.
- [30] Diaz-Aguiló, M., Sandraz, J., Macwan, R., De Leon, F., Czarkowski, D., Comack, C., Wang, D. (2013). Field-validated load model for the analysis of CVR in distribution secondary networks: Energy conservation. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 28(4), 2428-2436.
- [31] Emiroglu, S., Uyaroglu, Y., Ozdemir, G. (2017). Distributed Reactive Power Control based Conservation Voltage Reduction in Active Distribution Systems. Advances in Electrical & Computer Engineering, 17(4), 99-106.