Determination of mechanical performance of boric acid filled polypropylene based polymer composites

Year 2023, Issue: 055, 185 - 192, 31.12.2023

Hüseyin Ünal , S. Hakan Yetgin , Sinan Köse

https://doi.org/10.59313/jsr-a.1354200

Abstract

Polypropylene (PP) polymer, which is one of the indispensable materials of our daily life and stands out with its lightness, low cost and chemical resistance properties in the industry, was used. In industrial applications where the properties of polymers without additives are not sufficient, composite materials are produced by adding some additives to the polymer. In this experimental study, the mechanical properties of composites produced by adding boric acid (BA) to PP polymer at 5 wt.% (PP/5BA), 10 wt.% (PP/10BA) and 15 wt.% (PP/15BA) ratios were investigated. the effect of both BA filler and optimum BA filler ratio on mechanical properties were investigated. In the production of PP/BA composites, granules were first produced in an industrial twin screw extruder. Then, PP/BA composite tensile and impact test specimens were moulded on a conventional injection moulding machine. As a result, it was observed that the tensile modulus, tensile and yield strength of the composite materials decreased with increasing boric acid filler content in PP polymer. Depending on the boric acid filler content, the tensile strength decreased by an average of 18.3% and the breaking strength decreased by 14.8%. The lowest tensile modulus was obtained with a value of 2713 MPa at 10wt.% boric acid filler addition. The impact strength increased slightly at 5 wt.% boric acid filler addition and decreased at 10wt.% and 15wt.% boric acid filler addition.

Keywords

Polypropylene;, boric acid, mechanical properties, composite

References

• [1] N. D. Sakhayana, A. D. Afanasy, P. V. Andrey, A. O. Aitalina, G. T. Aleksei, K. K. Anatoly and A. K. Aisen, “Effect of borpolymer on mechanical and structural parameters of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene,” Nanomater., vol. 11, no. 12, pp. 3398, 2021, doi:org/10.3390/nano11123398.
• [2] https://www.etimaden.gov.tr/storage/pages/March2019/1-borik-asit1.pdf, 01/09/2023.
• [3] K. S. Dogahe, S. Akbari and M. H. Kish, “Physico-mechanical properties of poly (vinyl alcohol), poly (vinyl alcohol)/boric acid, and poly (vinyl alcohol) nanocomposites incorporated with amino-functionalized and pristine halloysite nanotubes films,” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., vol. 139, no. 1, pp. 51424, 2022, doi:org/10.1002/app.51424.
• [4] X. Tian, Y. Sun, H. Xie, B. Shi, J. Zhong, D. Sheng and Y. Yang, “Preparation of graphene oxide/ waterborne polyurethane via boric acid cross-linked dopamine enhanced barrier and mechanical properties,” Front. Mater. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 1046125, 2022, doi:org/10.3389/fmats.2022.1046125.
• [5] N. B. Svishcheva, P. A. Khaptakhanova, D. A. Kasatov and S. A. Uspenskii, “Preparation and study of properties of boron-containing polymer based on lactic and boric acids,” Russ. Chem. Bull., vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 1725-1728, 2021, doi:org/10.1007/s11172-021-3276-2.
• [6] W. Cheewawuttipong, D. Fuoka, S. Tanoue, H. Uematsu and Y. Iemoto, “Thermal and mechanical properties of polypropylene/boron nitride composites,” Energy Procedia, vol. 34, pp. 808-817, 2013, doi:org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.817.
• [7] P. M. Visakh, O. B. Nazarenko, Y. A. Amelkovich and T. V. Melnikova, “Thermal properties of epoxy composites filled with boric acid,” IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., vol. 81, pp. 12095, 2015, doi:10.1088/1757-899X/81/1/012095.
• [8] H. İ. Çeliker, A. Ç. Başbozkurt and A. Yaraş, “Mechanical and thermal properties of boric acid and paper mill sludge reinforced polyester composites,” Boron, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 163-169, 2020, doi:org/10.30728/boron.702466.
• [9] Z. O. Pehlivanlı, “H3BO3/PP kompozitlerinin isı iletim katsayılarının incelenmesi,” GU J Sci Part:C, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 91-96, 2016.
• [10] Z. O. Pehlivanlı, “Manufacturing and characterization of polypropylene/boric acid composite,” Polym. Bull., vol. 78, pp. 4033–4046, 2021, doi:org/10.1007/s00289-021-03728-4.
• [11] A. K. Özdemir, D. Özdemir Derya, F. Tuğut, H. Demir and H. Akın, “Effects of boron on the mechanical properties of polymethylmethacrylate denture base material,” Eur. Oral Res., vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 45-53, 2021, doi: 10.26650/eor.20210132
• [12] A. D. Çavdar, F. Mengeloğlu and K. Karakus, “Effect of boric acid and borax on mechanical, fire and thermal properties of wood flour filled high density polyethylene composites,” Measurement, vol. 60, pp. 6-12, 2015, doi:org/10.1016/j.measurement.2014.09.078
• [13] I. Kırbas, “Improving the structural and physical properties of boric acid-doped rigid polyurethane materials,” Compos. Adv. Mater., vol. 30, pp. 1–7, 2021, doi:org/10.1177/263498332110108
• [14] H. Awada, D. Montplaisir and C. Daneault, “The development of a composite based on cellulose fibres and polyvinyl alcohol in the presence of boric acid,” BioResources, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 3439-3448, 2014.
• [15] T. Aydın, K.Turan and N. Y. Sarı, “Investigation of mechanical and tribological properties of boric acid reinforced composite plates,” Eur. J. Tech., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 264- 269, 2021, doi:org/10.36222/ejt.923954.
• [16] O. B. Nazarenko, T. V. Melnikova and P. M. Visakh, “Thermal and Mechanical Characteristics of Polymer Composites Based on Epoxy Resin, Aluminium Nanopowders and Boric Acid,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 671, 012040, 2016, doi:10.1088/1742-6596/671/1/012040
• [17] S. Nicole, “Influence of Moisture Absorption on Mechanical Properties of Wood Flour–Polypropylene Composites,” J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 14, pp. 421-432. 2001, doi:org/10.1106/UDKY-0403-626E-1H4P.
• [18] V. Titone, A.Correnti and F. P. L. Mantia, “Effect of moisture content on the processing and mechanical properties of a biodegradable polyester,” Polymers, vol. 13, pp. 1616, 2021, doi:org/10.3390/polym13101616.
• [19] J. J. Balatinecz and B. Park, “The effects of temperature and moisture on the properties of wood-fiber thermoplastic composites,” J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 10, pp. 476–487, 1997, doi:org/10.1177/0892705797010005.
• [20] T. Uygunoglu, I. Gunes and W. Brostow, “Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites with High Content of Wastes Including Boron,” Mater. Res., vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 1188-1196, 2015, doi:org/10.1590/1516-1439.009815.
• [21] S. Y. Fu, X. Q. Feng, B. Lauke and Y. W. Mai, “Effects of particle size, particle/matrix interface adhesionand particle loading on mechanical propertiesof particulate-polymer composites,” Compos. B. Eng., vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 933-961, 2008, doi:org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2008.01.002.
• [22] T. Ozdemir, I. K. Akbay, H. Uzun and I. A. Reyhancan, “Neutron shielding of EPDM rubber with boric acid: Mechanical, thermal properties and neutron absorption tests,” Prog. Nucl. Energy, vol. 89, pp. 102 -109, 2016, doi:org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2016.02.007.
• [23] B. C. Ray, “Temperature effect during humid ageing on interfaces of glass and carbon fibers reinforced epoxy composites,” J. Colloid Interface Sci., vol. 298, no: 1, pp. 111–117, 2006, doi:org/10.1016/j.jcis.2005.12.023.
• [24] C. J. Tsenoglou, S. Pavlidou and C. D. Papaspyrides, “Evaluation of interfacial relaxation due to water absorption in fiber–polymer composites,” Compos Sci Technol., vol. 66, no. 15, pp. 2855–2864, 2006, doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2006.02.022.