jsr-c Journal of Scientific Reports-C 2717-8633 Kütahya Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Mining Engineering (Other) Maden Mühendisliği (Diğer) From photogrammetric modeling to augmented application of a quarry Bir Taş Ocağının Fotogrametrik Modellemesinden Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulamasına https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3287-9224 Masanawa Zayyad Abdul KÜTAHYA DUMLUPINAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8164-8874 Özdemir Mehmet Kütahya Dumlupınar Üniversitesi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1875-4009 Erarslan Kaan KÜTAHYA DUMLUPINAR ÜNİVERSİTESİ 04 30 2026 012 12 25 12 17 2025 04 17 2026 Copyright © 2020, Journal of Scientific Reports-C 2020 Journal of Scientific Reports-C

The study presents a methodological approach for a pipeline from three-dimensional photogrammetry model generation by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) to an Augmented Reality (AR) application development in a quarry. Initially, a high precision 3D model of a real quarry pit was generated using the imagery of a non-RTK UAV. After scanning the area, the successive photographs taken by the drone were processed by using a photogrammetry software application to build a mesh that was optimized to 50,000 polygons. It was later developed into an interactive holographic application with the Unity engine and Vuforia platform. Two AR tracking paradigms, namely Image Target and Ground Plane were generated and tested on both mobile platforms and Microsoft HoloLens 2 device. In a system evaluation conducted by a group of 17 students and 12 academics who tested the application, a minimum average score of 85 and 90 relatively, out of 100 were given in terms of spatial understanding. This perspective was framed within the context of increased memorability, positive contribution to learning, more enjoyable learning, improved educational quality, and the widespread adoption of such applications. Academicians' outcomes related to the practices included in the study were found to be more positive and this qualitatively supports the educational effectiveness of the system. Additionally, it is observed that there is a trade-off between geometric accuracy and real-time rendering execution on mobile platforms. It was concluded that the Ground Plane method provides a workable material for a high-fidelity digital shadow, which can be applied to remote inspection. Additionally, it is foreseen that AR applications executed on smartphone/tablet and HoloLens 2 have infrastructurally potential to enhance the level of engineering, planning and control process and support mine-safety.

Bu çalışma, bir taş ocağında İnsansız Hava Aracı (İHA) tarafından üç boyutlu fotogrametri modeli oluşturulmasından Artırılmış Gerçeklik (AR) uygulaması geliştirilmesine kadar uzanan bir süreç için metodolojik bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Başlangıçta, gerçek bir taş ocağı çukurunun yüksek hassasiyetli 3D modeli, RTK olmayan bir İHA'nın görüntüleri kullanılarak oluşturulmuştur. Alan tarandıktan sonra, dron tarafından çekilen ardışık fotoğraflar, 50.000 poligona optimize edilmiş bir ağ oluşturmak için bir fotogrametri yazılım uygulaması kullanılarak işlenmiştir. Daha sonra, Unity motoru ve Vuforia platformu ile etkileşimli bir holografik uygulamaya dönüştürülmüştür. Görüntü Hedefi ve Zemin Düzlemi olmak üzere iki AR izleme paradigması oluşturulmuş ve hem mobil platformlarda hem de Microsoft HoloLens 2 cihazında test edilmiştir. Uygulamayı test eden 17 öğrenci ve 12 akademisyenden oluşan bir grup tarafından yapılan sistem değerlendirmesinde, mekansal anlama açısından 100 üzerinden sırasıyla en az 85 ve 90 ortalama puan verilmiştir. Bu bakış açısı, artan akılda kalıcılık, öğrenmeye olumlu katkı, daha keyifli öğrenme, iyileştirilmiş eğitim kalitesi ve bu tür uygulamaların yaygın olarak benimsenmesi bağlamında çerçevelenmiştir. Çalışmaya dahil edilen uygulamalarla ilgili akademisyenlerin sonuçlarının daha olumlu olduğu ve bunun sistemin eğitimsel etkinliğini niteliksel olarak desteklediği bulunmuştur. Ek olarak, mobil platformlarda geometrik doğruluk ve gerçek zamanlı işleme arasında bir denge olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Zemin Düzlemi yönteminin, uzaktan denetim için uygulanabilecek yüksek doğruluklu dijital gölge için işlevsel bir malzeme sağladığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, akıllı telefon/tablet ve HoloLens 2'de yürütülen AR uygulamalarının, mühendislik, planlama ve kontrol süreçlerinin seviyesini yükseltme ve maden güvenliğini destekleme potansiyeline sahip olduğu öngörülmektedir.

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