Gender-Specific Physiological Profiles and Performance Metrics in Young Elite Table Tennis Players

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 3, 289 - 300, 31.10.2024

Afaf Munther Dawood Bilal , Seyed Houtan Shahidi

https://doi.org/10.25307/jssr.1517758

Öz

Table tennis requires a combination of anaerobic and aerobic energy systems, agility, short reaction times, and precise motor skills. The aim of this study is to investigate gender-specific physiological profiles and performance measures in young elite table tennis players. The objectives are to identify key physical and anthropometric attributes contributing to table tennis performance, compare these attributes between male and female athletes, and develop targeted training recommendations. The study involved sixteen players (8 males and 8 females) within the age range of 10 to 18 years who train regularly at Istanbul Pendik Sports Hall. Inclusion criteria required training at least three times per week and participating at championship levels. Anthropometric measurements were taken using a Seca 220R stadiometer and a Seca 710R weighing scale, with body fat percentage estimated via a Tanita scale. Performance tests included vertical jump height (Witty Microgate device), reaction times (custom device), and heart rates (Activio Sport System). Assessments were carried out between 4:00 PM and 6:00 PM. Male athletes had higher mean values in height (159.00 ± 13.29 cm), weight (50.00 ± 12.06 kg), and vertical jump height, whereas female athletes had better reaction times (1.17 ± 0.14 seconds). No statistically significant differences were found in body fat percentage and mean heart rate. t-Tests revealed that gender differences in most performance metrics were not statistically significant, but correlation analysis showed statistically significant relationships between various physical characteristics and performance outcomes (p<0.05). As a result, physical fitness and reaction time are crucial for table tennis performance. Tailored training programs should focus on these attributes to enhance performance in young elite players. Future studies should follow these metrics longitudinally to understand their impact on competitive success.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Physical attributes, Anthropometric characteristics, Performance, Heart rate, Reaction time

Kaynakça

• Basiri, F., Farsi, A., Abdoli, B., & Kavyani, M. (2020). The effect of visual and tennis training on perceptual-motor skill and learning of forehand drive in table tennis players. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation, 14(1), 21-32. https://doi.org/10.32598/JMR.14.1.3
• Buchheit, M., & Laursen, P. B. (2013). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle: Part I: Cardiopulmonary emphasis. Sports Medicine, 43(5), 313-338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0029-x
• Chu, T. L. A. (2020). Table tennis. In Edit., J. Nauright, S. Zipp, Routledge Handbook of Global Sport (pp. 238-246). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315714264
• Eimuhi, K. E. (2019). Morpho-anthropometric profile of Igbabonelimhin acrobatic dancers of Esan community in Edo State, Nigeria. Turkish Journal of Kinesiology, 5(2), 76-82. https://doi.org/10.31459/turkjkin.560386
• Eimuhi, K, E., Ovbiebo, M. C., & Okonigene, D. E. (2024). Electrolyte changes following a 10-week calisthenic-circuit training among University of Benin student athletes. 4th University of Benin Annual Research Day (UBARD) Book of Conference Proceedings, 4, 153-156.
• Faber, I., Nijhuis-Van der Sanden, M., & Oosterveld, F. (2012). A first step to an evidence-based talent identification program in the Netherlands: A Research proposal. International Journal of Table Tennis Sciences, 7(1), 15-18.
• Faber, I. R., Elferink-Gemser, M. T., Oosterveld, F. G., Twisk, J. W., & Nijhuis-Van der Sanden, M. W. (2017). Can an early perceptuo-motor skills assessment predict future performance in youth table tennis players? An observational study (1998–2013). Journal of Sports Sciences, 35(6), 593-601. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1180421
• Faber, I. R., Koopmann, T., Büsch, D., & Schorer, J. (2021). Developing a tool to assess technical skills in talented youth table tennis players—a multi-method approach combining professional and scientific literature and coaches’ perspectives. Sports Medicine-open, 7(1), Article 42. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-021-00327-5
• Gutiérrez-Betancur, J. F., Pradas de la Fuente, F., Toro-Román, V., de la Torre, A., Moreno-Azze, A., & Ortega-Zayas, M. Á. (2022). Analysis of specific physical fitness in high-level table tennis players—sex differences. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19, Article 5119. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095119
• He, Y., Fekete, G., Sun, D., Baker, J. S., Shao, S., & Gu, Y. (2022). Lower limb biomechanics during the topspin forehand in table tennis: A systemic review. Bioengineering, 9(8), 336. http://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9080336
• Katsikadelis, M., Pilianidis, T., Mantzouranis, N., Fatouros, I., & Agelousis, N. (2014). Heart rate variability of young Table Tennis players with the use of the Multiball training. Biology of Exercise, 10(2), 25-35. http://doi.org/10.4127/jbe.2014.0076
• Kondrič, M., Zagatto, A. M., & Sekulić, D. (2013). The physiological demands of table tennis: a review. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 12(3), 362-370.
• Milioni, F., Leite, J. V. d. M., Beneke, R., De Poli, R. A. B., Papoti, M., & Zagatto, A. M. (2018). Table tennis playing styles require specific energy systems demands. PloS One, 13(7), Article e0199985. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199985
• Picabea, J. M., Cámara, J., Nakamura, F. Y., & Yanci, J. (2021). Comparison of heart rate variability before and after a table tennis match. Journal of Human Kinetics, 77(1), 107-115. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2021-0015
• Picabea, J. M., Cámara, J., & Yanci, J. (2021). Physical fitness profiling of national category table tennis players: Implication for health and performance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), Article 9362. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179362
• Pradas, F., de la Torre, A., Castellar, C., & Toro-Román, V. (2021). Physiological profile, metabolic response and temporal structure in elite individual table tennis: Differences according to gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), Article 11898. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182211898.
• Shahidi, S. H. (2024). Alt maksimum ve maksimum egzersiz testlerinde oksijen ve laktat kinetiği. İçinde Spor bilimleri alanında akademik araştırma ve değerlendirmeler-II (Editör: Uluç, E. A. & Uluç, S.). s. 63-76. https://doi.org/10.58830/ozgur.pub452.c1930
• Shahidi, S. H., Carlberg, B., & Kingsley, D. (2023a). Talent identification and development in youth sports: A Systematic review. International Journal of Kinanthropometry, 3(1), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2318
• Shahidi, S. H., Coşkun, G., & E. Holway, F. (2023b). Investigation of oxygen uptake kinetics and anthropometric profiles in elite kickboxing athletes. International Journal of Kinanthropometry, 3(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2321
• Shahidi, S. H., Çetiner, A., Güneş, F., Esformes, J. I., & Karakaş, S. (2024). Maturation and bio-banding in youth soccer players: Insights from Turkish male academy across U-10 to U-15 age. International Journal of Strength and Conditioning, 4(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.47206/ijsc.v4i1.302
• Shahidi, S. H., Williams, J. S., & Hassani, F. (2020). Physical activity during COVID‐19 quarantine. Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway: 1992), 109(10), Article 2147. http://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15420
• Shahidi, S. H., Yalçın, M., & Holway, F. E. (2023). Anthropometric and somatotype characteristics of top elite Turkish national jumpers. International Journal of Kinanthropometry, 3(2), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2326
• Shahidi, S. H., Yilmaz, L., & Esformes, J. (2023). Effect of maturity status and relative age effect on anthropometrics and physical performance of soccer players aged 12 to 15 Years. International Journal of Kinanthropometry, 3(1), 58-72. https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2317
• Sperlich, B., Koehler, K., Holmberg, H.-C., Zinner, C., & Mester, J. (2011). Table tennis: Cardiorespiratory and metabolic analysis of match and exercise in elite junior national players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 6(2), 234-242. http://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.6.2.234.
• Widodo, H., & Nahimana, S. (2021). Reaction time test innovation of table tennis performance: Aiken validity. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(4), 7103-7110.
• Wong, D. W.-C., Lee, W. C.-C., & Lam, W.-K. (2020). Biomechanics of table tennis: A systematic scoping review of playing levels and maneuvers. Applied Sciences, 10(15), 5203. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10155203
• Yamasaki, T. (2022). Benefits of table tennis for brain health maintenance and prevention of dementia. Encyclopedia, 2(3), 1577-1589. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia2030107
• Zagatto, A. M., Milioni, F., Freitas, I. F., Arcangelo, S. A., & Padulo, J. (2016). Body composition of table tennis players: comparison between performance level and gender. Sport Sciences for Health, 12, 49-54. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-015-0252-y