Towards an Amalgamated Framework for the Green Retrofitting Process of Healthcare Facilities

Year 2023, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 119 - 135, 05.01.2024

Aslıhan Ergin Işılay Tekce

https://doi.org/10.26650/JTADP.23.005

Abstract

Healthcare service providers have focused on the environmental effects of healthcare facilities (HFs) in recent years in order to mitigate the environmental impact of HFs, sustain the well-being of occupants and patients, and delineate the targets of the Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs), the Paris Agreement, and the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP26) Special Report on Climate Change and Health. Because the fundamental aims of healthcare are to improve patient health and sustain the daily operations of an HF, green retrofitting practices in HFs form a crucial link between providing environmentally friendly HFs and patient health and well-being. Hence, the main objective of this paper is to propose an amalgamated green retrofitting framework for healthcare facilities by analyzing existing retrofitting methodologies and approaches. Normative refinement and frequency analyses were applied when reviewing the healthcare-specific green retrofitting methodologies and approaches for determining the dimensions and criteria to consider for the framework. Expert feedback also contributed to the framework’s improvement and modification based on the methodology’s validation step. The finalized conceptual framework is anticipated to facilitate an understanding of the fundamental considerations for green retrofitting HFs and to serve as a guide for healthcare building providers, academicians, and green building professionals.

Keywords

Green retrofit, healthcare facilities, retrofitting methodologies, SDG3, SDG7

References

• Abidin, N. I. A., Zakaria, R., Aminuddin, E., Shamsuddin, S. M., Mustafa, M. & Khan, J. S. (2019). Decision Making Tool for Retrofitting of Existing Building for Energy Reduction in Higher Learning Institution, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 615, pp. 012069. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/615/1/012069 google scholar
• Bassioni, H. A., Price, A. D. F. & Hassan, T. M. (2005). Building a conceptual framework for measuring business performance in construction: an empirical evaluation, Construction Management and Economics, 23:5, 495-507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144619042000301401 google scholar
• Bertone, E., Stewart, R. A., Sahin, O., Alam, M., Zou, P.X.W. & Buntine, C. (2018). Guidelines, Barriers, and Strategies for Energy and Water Retrofits of Public Buildings, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 174, pp. 1064-1078. https://doi.Org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.11.065 google scholar
• Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (2022). BREEAM Assessors and Aps, at: https://tools.breeam.com/projects/explore/companies.jsp (accessed 20 April 2022) google scholar
• Coskun, A. & Selcuk, S. A. (2022). Global Research Trends on Energy Efficient Retrofitting in Existing Buildings: An Exercise in Science Mapping, Periodica Polytechnica Architecture, 53(1), pp. 35-56. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPar.18507 google scholar
• Ergin, A. (2020) An investigation of critical success factors for green retrofitting of existing healthcare buildings [Master Thesis], Özyeğin University, İstanbul. google scholar
• Ergin, A. & Tekçe, I. (2020). Enhancing sustainability benefits through green retrofitting of healthcare buildings. 5th World Multidisciplinary Civil Engineering-Architecture-Urban Planning Symposium, WMCAUS 2020; Prague; Czech Republic, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 960, Issue 3, Article number: 032066, doi:10.1088/1757-899X/960/3/032066 google scholar
• Golbazi, M. & Aktas, C. B. (2016). Analysis of Credits Earned by LEED Healthcare Certified Facilities, Procedia Engineering, vol. 145, pp. 203-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.04.062 google scholar
• Geldenhuys, H. J. (2017). The Development of an Implementation Framework for Green Retrofitting of Existing Buildings in South Africa, Master’s Thesis, Stellenbosch University. google scholar
• Ho, M. Y. (Annie), Lai, J. H. K. & Hou, H. (Cynthia), & Zhang, D. (2021). Key Performance Indicators for Evaluation of Commercial Building Retrofits: Shortlisting via an Industry Survey. Energies, 14(21), 7327. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14217327 google scholar
• Hughes, M. (2020). Digital Transformation: The Key To Tackling Climate Change. Forbes, https://www.forbes.com/sites/mikehughes1/2020/12/23/digital-transformation-the-key-to-tackling-climate-change/?sh=78dacbcb5bb7 google scholar
• Kavani, N. & Pathak, F. (2014). Retrofitting of An Existing Building into A Green Building. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, vol. 03, no. 06, pp. 339-341. https://doi.org/10.15623/yret.2014.0306062 google scholar
• Kolokotsa, D., Tsoutsos, T. & Papantoniou, S. (2012). Energy Conservation Techniques for Hospital Buildings. Advances in Building Energy Research, 6:1, 159-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/17512549.2012.672007 google scholar
• Kotcher, J., Maibach, E., Miller, J., Campbell, E., Alqodmani, L., Maiero, M. & Wyns, A. (2021). Views of Health Professionals on Climate Change and Health: A Multinational Survey Study. Lancet Planet Health, vol. 5, pp. 316-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00053-X google scholar
• Leung, M. & Chan, A.H.S. (2006). Control and Management of Hospital Indoor Air Quality. Medical Science Monitor, 12(3): pp.17-23, 2006. https://www.medscimonit.com/abstract/index/idArt/447117 google scholar
• Lockwood, C. (2009). Urban Land: Building Retrofits, Urban Land Magazine, pp. 46-57. https://www.esbnyc.com/sites/default/files/uli_building_retro_fits.pdf google scholar
• Low, S. P., Gao, S. & Tay, W. L. (2014). Comparative study of project management and critical success factors of greening new and existing buildings in Singapore. Structural Survey, Vol. 32 No. 5, pp. 413-433. https://doi.org/10.1108/SS-12-2013-0040 google scholar
• Luther, M. B. & Rajagopalan, P. (2014). Defining and Developing an Energy Retrofitting Approach. Journal of Green Building, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 151-162. https://doi.Org/10.3992/1943-4618-9.3.151 google scholar
• Ma, Z., Cooper, P., Daly, D. & Ledo, L. (2012). Existing Building Retrofits: Methodology and State-of-the-art. Energy and Buildings, vol. 55, pp. 889-902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2012.08.018 google scholar
• Melillo, J. M., Richmond, T. C. & Yohe, G. (2014). Climate Change Impacts in the United States: The Third National Climate Assessment, US Global Change Research Program USGCRP, US Global Change Research Program USGCRP, US https://doi.org/10.7930/J0Z31WJ2 google scholar
• Mickaityte, A., Kaklauskas, E. K. A. & Tupenaite, L. (2008). The Concept Model of Sustainable Buildings Refurbishment. International Journal of Strategic Property Management, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 53-68. https://doi.org/10.3846/1648-715X.2008.12.53-68 google scholar
• Mohammadpour, A. (2014). Retrofitting Healthcare Facilities to Enhance Patient Safety and Energy Efficiency. [Doctoral dissertation, The Pennsylvania State University]. google scholar
• Mohammadpour, A., Anumba, C. J. & Messner, J.I. (2017). Retrofitting of Healthcare Facilities: Case Study Approach. Journal of Architectural Engineering, Volume 23, Issue 3, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000248 google scholar
• Morgenstern, P., Raslam, R. & Ruyssevelt, P. (2016). Reducing Hospital Electricity Use: An End-Use Perspective. In: 9th International Conference on Improving Energy Efficiency in Commercial Buildings and Smart Communities, Frankfurt, Germany, pp. 509-522. http://dx.doi.org/10.2790/290244 google scholar
• Robinson, Z. (2012). The Answers: Sustainability: How can you learn to live more sustainably, without giving up your lifestyle-why should you care. Marshall Cavendish Edition, Singapore. google scholar
• Salgın, B. (2019). An Examination of the Development of the Construction and Demolition Waste-Related Regulations in Turkey. Periodica Polytechnica Architecture, 50(2), pp. 169-177. https://doi.org/10.3311/PPar.14442 google scholar
• Shen, A. & Wang, R. (2023). Digital Transformation and Green Development Research: Microscopic Evidence from China’s Listed Construction Companies. Sustainability, 15, 12481. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15161248 google scholar
• Sheth, A. Z. (2011) A Refurbishment Framework with an Emphasis on Energy Consumption of Existing Healthcare Facilities. [Doctoral dissertation, Loughborough University]. google scholar
• Sheth, A.Z., Price, A.D.F. & Glass, J. (2010a). A Framework for Refurbishment of Health Facilities. In: Health and Care Infrastructure Research and Innovation Centre (HaCIRIC) International Conference, Edinburgh, United Kingdom. https://repository.lboro.ac.uk/articles/conference_contribution/A_framework_for_refurbishment_of_health_facilities/9437408 google scholar
• Sheth, A. Z., Price, A. D. F. & Glass, J. (2010b). BIM and refurbishment of existing healthcare facilities. In: Edinburgh, C. (Ed) Procs 26th Annual Association of Researchers in Construction Management (ARCOM) Conference, 6-8 September 2010, Leeds, UK, 1497-1506. google scholar
• Schweizer, C. (2023). World Economic Forum, Digital and Climate. https://initiatives.weforum.org/digital-transformation/digital-and-climate google scholar
• Uche Akabogu, D. (2023). Reviving Sustainability: Green Retrofit and Adaptive Reuse of Buildings for a Greener Future. Green Thinking Review. google scholar
• United Nations Environment Programme (2022). Digital Transformation Subprogramme. https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/technology/what-we-do/digital-transformation google scholar
• United Nations (2015a). Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. UN General Assembly, https://sdgs.un.org/2030agenda google scholar
• United Nations (2015b). The Paris Agreement. http://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/convention/application/pdf/english_paris_agreement.pdf google scholar
• United Nations (2021a). 17 Goals Sustainable Development. (online) https://sdgs.un.org/goals google scholar
• United Nations (2021b). 17 Goals to Transform Our World. https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/ google scholar
• United Nations Climate Change (2021). The Paris Agreement. https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement google scholar
• U.S. Green Building Council (2022). LEED Directory People. https://www.usgbc.org/people google scholar
• World Economic Forum (2023). Digital Solutions Explorer. https://initiatives.weforum.org/digital-transformation/digital-solutions-explorer google scholar
• World Health Organization & Health Care Without Harm (2009). Healthy Hospitals Healthy Planet Healthy People, WHO, HCWH, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/healthy-hospitals-healthy-planet-healthy-people google scholar
• World Health Organization (2018). COP24 special report: health and climate change. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/276405 google scholar
• World Health Organization (2021). COP26 special report on climate change and health: the health argument for climate action. World Health Organization, Geneva, https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/cop26-special-report google scholar
• Yasar, M. (2014). Attitudes Toward Statistics Scale: Validity and Reliability Study. Pamukkale University Journal of Education, Number 36, July. google scholar
• Abidin, N. I. A., Zakaria, R., Aminuddin, E., Shamsuddin, S. M., Mustafa, M. & Khan, J. S. (2019). Decision Making Tool for Retrofitting of Existing Building for Energy Reduction in Higher Learning Institution, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 615, pp. 012069. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/615/1/012069 google scholar