The Approach and Importance of Urban Drainage from The Past to The Present

Year 2024, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 77 - 84, 27.11.2024

Nazire Papatya Seçkin

https://doi.org/10.26650/JTADP.24.010

Abstract

Urban drainage and basic infrastructure systems, including the collection and controlled management of rainwater and wastewater, have been important throughout history. The origin of well-designed systematic drainage systems dates back to the Bronze Age. This systematic drainage design has continued to evolve over time. The common denominator of these systems is the efficient use of natural resources and the creation of liveable and resilient living spaces, which form the basis of the urban drainage technologies used today. It is clear that sewerage and drainage systems in cities are very important and will be an important part of future urban planning. Today, urban drainage and water management has to meet expectations beyond its historical importance due to concepts such as urbanisation, climate change, and energy conservation. Therefore, sustainable drainage systems are gaining attention for their ability to reduce carbon footprints, improve surface water runoff, and control flood risk. This article discusses the basic principles of drainage and assesses how important it has been for settlements throughout history and how it should be dealt with in the future using new concepts.

Keywords

Drainage, water management, sustainable drainage systems

References

• Angelakis, A. N. (2017). Urban waste-and storm water management in Greece: Past, present and future. Water Supply, 17(5), 1386-1399. google scholar
• Angelakis, A. N., & Spyridakis, S. V. (2013). Major urban water and wastewater systems in Minoan Crete, Greece. Water Supply, 13(3), 564-573. google scholar
• Angelakis, A. N., & Spyridakis, D. S. (2010). Water supply and wastewater management aspects in ancient Hellas. Water Supply, 10(4), 618-628 google scholar
• Angelakis, A. N. (2016). Evolution of urban waste- and storm-water management through the centuries focusing on Hellenic civilizations. 13th IWA Specialized Conference on Small Water and Wastewater Systems (SWWS) and the 5th IWA Specialized Conference on Resources-Oriented Sanitation (ROS). 14-16 September, 2016, Athens, Greece. google scholar
• Britannica, T. (December 16, 2022). Editors of Encyclopaedia. "qanat". Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/qanat google scholar
• Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. (June 7, 2024). "aqueduct". Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/technology/ aqueduct-engineering. google scholar
• Brown R. R., Keath, N., & Wong, T. (2009). Urban water management in cities: historical, current and future regimes. Water, Science and Technology, 59(5), 847-855. google scholar
• Burian, S. J., & Edwards, F. G. (2002). Historical perspectives of urban drainage, In E.W. Strecker & W.C. Huber (Eds.), Global Solutions for Urban Drainage (1-16), American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, VA, USA. google scholar
• Butler, D., Digman, C. J., Makropoulos, C., & Davies. J. W. (2018). Urban drainage, 4th edition. London: CRC Press. google scholar
• Cato, M. P. (2010). On Farming (De Agri Cultura). London: Prospect Books. google scholar
• Charlesworth, S. M., Sañudo Fontaneda, L. A., & Mays, L. W. (2016). Back to the Future? History and Contemporary Application of Sustainable Drainage Techniques. In S. M. Charlesworth, & C. A. Booth (Eds.), Sustainable Surface Water Management: A Handbook for SUDS, (11-30), Wiley-Blackwell. google scholar
• Che, W., Qiao, M., & Wang, S. (2013). Enlightenment from ancient Chinese urban and rural storm water management practices. Water Science and Technology, 67(7), 1474-1480. google scholar
• Cun C., Zhang W., Che W., & Sun H. (2019). Review of urban drainage and storm water management in ancient china. Landscape Urban Planning, 190, 103600-103609. google scholar
• De Feo, G., George, A., Fardin, F., El-Gohary, F., Zheng, X. Y., Reklaityte, L., Butler, D., Yannopoulos, S., & Angelakis, A.N. (2014), The Historical Development of Sewers Worldwide. Sustainability, 6(6), 3936-3974. google scholar
• Deming, D. (2020). The Aqueducts and Water Supply of Ancient Rome. Groundwater, 58(1), 152-161. google scholar
• EPOA. (April 24, 2024). SuDS and Climate Change. https://www.essexdesignguide.co.uk google scholar
• Gorokhovich, Y., Mays, L., & Ullmann, L. (2011). A Survey of Ancient Minoan Water Technologies. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply. IWA Publishing, 11(4), 388-399. google scholar
• Mays, L., Antoniou, G. P., & Angelakis, A. N. (2013). History of Water Cisterns: Legacies and Lessons. Water, 5, 1916-1940. google scholar
• Mays, L. W. (2008), A very brief history of hydraulic technology during antiquity. Environmental Fluid Mechanics, 8, 471-484. google scholar
• Mays, L. W. (2007) Water Resources Sustainability. L.W. Mays, Editor-in-Chief. McGraw-Hill. google scholar
• Mays, L. W., Koutsoyiannis, D., & Angelakis, A. N. (2007). A brief history of urban water supply in antiquity. Water Science & Technology: Water Supply, 7(1), 1-12. google scholar
• Mays, L. W., ed. (2001). Storm water Collection Systems Design Handbook. 1st ed. New York: McGRAW-HILL. google scholar
• Possehl, G. L. (2002). The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective. AltaMira Press. google scholar
• Seçkin, N. P., Seçkin, Y. Ç., & Seçkin, Ö. B. (2017). Yapılarda Su ve Nem Kontrolü. Literatür Yayınları: 782, ISBN:978-975-04-0758-1, İstanbul. google scholar
• Untermann, R. K. (1973). Grade Easy. In: J. D. Carpenter, (ed). Handbook of Landscape Architectural Construction. Washington: The Landcape Architecture Foundation. google scholar
• Wen, L., Weiping, C., Qi, F., & Ravinesh C. D. (2019). Situations, challenges and strategies of urban water management in Beijing under rapid urbanization effect. Water Supply, 19(1), 115-127. google scholar
• Whalen, J. K., & Sampedro, L. (2010). Soil Ecology and Management. Oxfordshire: CAB International. google scholar
• Yannopoulos, S., Yapijakis, C., Kaiafa-Saropoulou, M., Antoniou, G., & Angelakis, A.N. (2017). History of sanitation and hygiene technologies in the Hellenic World. Journal of Water Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. IWA Publishing, 07(2), 163-180. google scholar
• Zhou, W., Matsumoto, K., & Sawaki M. (2021). Long-Term Sustainability of Water Cellars in Traditional Chinese Villages: Factors Influencing Continuous Use and Effective Water Management Initiatives. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(9), 4394. google scholar