Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 117 - 131, 01.06.2017
Enisa Mede
Özlem Karaırmak
Kaynakça
- Aida, Y. (1994). Examination of Horowitz, Horowitz, and Copes construct of foreign language anxiety: The case of students of Japanese. Modern Language Journal, 78 (2), 155-68.
- Allen, H. W., & Herron, C. (2003). A mixed-methodology investigation of the linguis- tic and affective outcomes of summer study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 36, 370–385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2003.tb02120.x
- Anyadubalu, C. C. (2010). Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, and Performance in the English Language among Middle -School Students in English Language Program in Satri Si Suriyathai, Bankok. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 2(3), 193-198.z
- Ay, Y. (2010). Young adolescent students’ foreign language anxiety in relation to lan- guage skills at different levels. The Journal of International Social Research, 3(11), 83-91.
- Bailey, K.M. (1983). Competitiveness and anxiety in adult second language learning. In: Seliger, H.W., Long, M.H. (Eds.), Classroom Oriented Research in Second Language Acquisition. Newbury House, New York, pp. 67-102.
- Baker, S.C., & MacIntyre, P.D. (2000). The role of gender and immersion in commu- nication and second language orientations. Language Learning, 50(2), 311–341.
- Balemir, S. H. (2009). The sources of foreign language speaking anxiety and the re- lationship between proficiency level and the degree of foreign language speaking anxiety (Unpublished master’s thesis). Bilkent University, Turkey.
- Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
- Bozavlı, E., & Gülmez, R. (2012). Turkish students’ perspectives on speaking anxiety in native and non-native English speaker classes, US-China Education Review B 12,1034-1043.
- Brown, H. D. (1987). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
- Chastain, K. (1976). Affective and ability factors in second language learning. Lan- guage Learning, 26, 377-389.
- Cheng, Y.K. (1994). The effects of attitudinal, motivational, and anxiety factors on the English language proficiency of Taiwanese senior high school students. Unpub- lished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens.
- Cheng, Y. S., Horwitz, E. K., & Schallert, D. L. (1999). Language anxiety: Differenti- ating writing and speaking components. Language Learning, 49, 417-446. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.00095
- Cheng, Y. (2001). Learners’ beliefs and second language anxiety concentric, Studies in English Literature and Linguistics, 27(2), 75-90.
- Chiang, Y. (2007). Connecting Two Anxiety Constructs; An Interdiscilinary Study of Foreign language Anxiety and interpretation Anxiety. Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Texas at Austin, ProQuest. (UMI 3249927)
- Dalkilic, N. (2001). The role of foreign language classroom anxiety in English speak- ing courses. Enstitü Dergisi, 8(8), 70-82.
- Dogan, T., & Tuncer, Y. (2015). Effect of foreign language classroom anxiety on Turk- ish university students’ academic achievement in foreign language learning. Jour- nal of Education and Training Studies, 3(6), 14-19.
- Elliott, A. C., & Woodward, W. A. (2007). Statistical analysis quick reference guide- book: With SPSS examples. Sage.
- Fang-Peng, G., & Dong, Y. (2010). A study on college students’ anxiety to spoken English. Canadian Social Science, 6(2), 95-101.
- Gardner, R.C., Smythe, P.C., & Brunet, G.R. (1977). Intensive second language study: Effects on attitudes, motivation and French achievement. Language Learning, 27, 243–261.
- Gardner, R.C., Smythe, P.C., & Clement, R. (1979). Intensive second language study in a bicultural milieu: An investigation of attitudes, motivation and language pro- ficiency. Language Learning, 29, 305–320.
- Gopang, L., Bughio, F., & Pathan, H. (2015). Investigating Foreign Language Learn- ing Anxiety among Students Learning English in A Public Sector University, Pa- kistan. The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Science, 3(4), 27-37.
- Gregersen, T. (2003). To err is human: A reminder to teachers of language-anxious students. Foreign Language Annals, 36, 25-32.
- Güngör, F., & Yaylı, D. (2012). Self-efficacy and anxiety perceptions of pre-service EFL teachers. In A. Akbarov & V. Cook (Eds.), Approaches and methods in sec- ond and foreign language teaching (pp. 227-236). Sarajevo: IBU Publications. Retrieved from http://fatihgungor.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Self-Effica- cy-and-AnxietyPerceptions-of-Pre-service-EFL-Teachers.pdf
- Hancı-Yanar, B., & Bümen, N. T. (2012). İngilizce ile ilgili özyeterlik inancı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 20(1), 97-110.
- Hilleson, M. (1996). I want to talk with them, but I don’t want them to hear: An in- trospective study of second language anxiety in an English-medium school. In K. M. Bailey, & D. Nunan (Eds.), Voices from the language classroom: Qualitative research in second language education (pp. 248-275). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Horwitz, E.K., Horwitz, M.B., & Cope, J.A. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxi- ety. Modern Language Journal, 70 (2), 125-132.
- Kitano, K. (2001). Anxiety in the college Japanese language classroom. Modern Lan- guage Journal, 85(4), 549–566.
- Koch, A., & Terrell, T. (1991). Affective reactions of foreign language students to natural approach activities and teaching techniques. In E. Horwitz, & D. Young (Eds.), Language Anxiety: From Theory and Research to Classroom Implications (pp. 109-126). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Li, R. (2007). When West Meets East: Communicative Language Teaching in China. Unpublished MA Thesis. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University.
- Liu, M., & Jackson, J. (2008). An exploration of Chinese EFL learners’ unwillingness to communicate and foreign language anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 92 (1), 71-86.
- MacIntyre, P.D., & Gardner, R.C. (1991). Methods and results in the study of anxiety and language learning: a review of the literature. Language Learning, 41(1), 85
- MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44, 283-305.
- MacIntyre, P.D., Clement, R., Dornyei, Z.M., & Noels, K.A. (1998). Conceptualizing willingness to communicate in a L2: a situational model of L2 confidence and af- filiation. Modern Language Journal, 82, 545–562.
- MacIntyre, P.D., Baker, S.C., Clement, R., & Donovan, L.A. (2002). Sex and age ef- fects on willingness to communicate, anxiety, perceived competence, and L2 mo- tivation among junior high school French immersion students. Language Learn- ing, 52, 537-564.
- Mahmoodzadeh, M. M. (2012). Investigating Foreign Language Speaking Anxi- ety within the EFL Learner’s Interlanguage System: The Case of Iranian Learn- ers. Journal of Language Teaching & Research, 3(3), 466-476. doi:10.4304/ jltr.3.3.466-476
- Martirossian, A., & Hartoonian, A. (2015). Lowering Foreign Language Anxiety through Self-Regulated Learning Strategy Use. English Language Teaching, 8(12), 209-222.
- Matsuda, S., & Gobel, P. (2001). Quiet apprehension: reading and classroom anxieties. JALT Journal, 23, 227–247.
- Morreale, S. (2011). The Relationship between Study Abroad and Motivation, Attitude and Anxiety in University Students Learning a Foreign Language. Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation, Wayne State University, USA.
- Onwuegbuzie, A.J., Bailey, P., & Daley, C.E. (1999). Relationship between anxiety and achievement at three stages of learning a foreign language. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 1085-93.
- Öztürk, G., & Gürbüz, N. (2012). The impact of gender on foreign language speaking anxiety and motivation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 654 – 665.
- Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS version 15. Nova Iorque: McGraw Hill.
- Park, G. P., & French, B. F. (2013). Gender differences in the Foreign Language Class- room Anxiety Scale. System, 41(2), 462-471.
- Pertaub, D. P., Slater, M., & Barker, C. (2001). An experiment on public speaking anxiety in response to three different types of virtual audience. Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 11(1), 68-78.
- Phillips, L. (2005). A study of the impact of Foreign Language Anxiety on tertiary students’ oral performance. Unpublished MA Thesis. Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong.
- Price, M.L. (1991). The subjective experience of foreign language anxiety: interviews with anxiety students. In: Horwitz, E., Young, D. (Eds.), Language Anxiety: From Theory to Research to Classroom Practices. Prentice-Hall, New York, pp. 101
- Saito, Y., Horwitz, E. K., & Garza, T. J. (1999). Foreign language reading anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 83, 202-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0026- 7902.00016
- Sevim, O. (2012). Öğretmen adaylarına yönelik konuşma kaygısı ölçeği: Bir geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Turkish Studies, 7(2), 927-937.
- Soper, D. S. (2014). A-priori sample size calculator for hierarchical multiple regres- sion [Software]. Retrieved from http://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc
- Spezzini, S., & Oxford, R. (1998). Perspectives of preservice foreign language teach- ers. System, 26, 65–76.
- Tercan, G., & Dikilitas, K. (2015). EFL students’ speaking anxiety: A case from ter- tiary level students, ELT Research Journal, 4(1), 16-27.
- Thompson, A. S., & Lee, J. (2014). The Impact of Experience Abroad and Language Proficiency on Language Learning Anxizzety. TESOL Quarterly, 48(2), 252-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tesq.125
- Tschannen-Moran, M., Woolfolk Hoy, A., & Hoy, W. K. (1998). Teacher efficacy: Its meaning and measure. Review of Educational Research, 68, 202–248. http:// dx.doi.org/10.3102/00346543068002202
- Tsiplakides, I. & Keramida, A. (2009). Helping Students Overcome Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety in the English Classroom: Theoretical Issues and Practical Rec- ommendations. International Educational Studies, 2(4), 39-44.
The Predictor Roles of Speaking Anxiety and English Self Efficacy on Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety
Yıl 2017,
Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 117 - 131, 01.06.2017
Enisa Mede
Özlem Karaırmak
Öz
This study is concerned with the relationships between foreign language speaking anxiety and demographic factors among undergraduate students. The study also attempts at predicting the roles of speaking anxiety and English self-efficacy on foreign language speaking anxiety. Versions of previously published scale (Speaking Anxiety Scale, Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety and Self-Efficacy Scale for English) were administered to 205 the participants enrolled in a Turkish private university. The findings revealed that foreign language speaking anxiety was negatively correlated with two variables related to prior foreign language experience as well as having a foreign friend. Following this, data analysis did not indicate any significant differences regarding spending a week or longer abroad and foreign language speaking anxiety. Finally, the results showed strong correlation between speaking anxiety and English self-efficacy on foreign language speaking anxiety. Based on these findings, the study suggested implications about how to reduce foreign language speaking anxiety in undergraduate students
Kaynakça
- Aida, Y. (1994). Examination of Horowitz, Horowitz, and Copes construct of foreign language anxiety: The case of students of Japanese. Modern Language Journal, 78 (2), 155-68.
- Allen, H. W., & Herron, C. (2003). A mixed-methodology investigation of the linguis- tic and affective outcomes of summer study abroad. Foreign Language Annals, 36, 370–385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.2003.tb02120.x
- Anyadubalu, C. C. (2010). Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, and Performance in the English Language among Middle -School Students in English Language Program in Satri Si Suriyathai, Bankok. International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, 2(3), 193-198.z
- Ay, Y. (2010). Young adolescent students’ foreign language anxiety in relation to lan- guage skills at different levels. The Journal of International Social Research, 3(11), 83-91.
- Bailey, K.M. (1983). Competitiveness and anxiety in adult second language learning. In: Seliger, H.W., Long, M.H. (Eds.), Classroom Oriented Research in Second Language Acquisition. Newbury House, New York, pp. 67-102.
- Baker, S.C., & MacIntyre, P.D. (2000). The role of gender and immersion in commu- nication and second language orientations. Language Learning, 50(2), 311–341.
- Balemir, S. H. (2009). The sources of foreign language speaking anxiety and the re- lationship between proficiency level and the degree of foreign language speaking anxiety (Unpublished master’s thesis). Bilkent University, Turkey.
- Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
- Bozavlı, E., & Gülmez, R. (2012). Turkish students’ perspectives on speaking anxiety in native and non-native English speaker classes, US-China Education Review B 12,1034-1043.
- Brown, H. D. (1987). Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
- Chastain, K. (1976). Affective and ability factors in second language learning. Lan- guage Learning, 26, 377-389.
- Cheng, Y.K. (1994). The effects of attitudinal, motivational, and anxiety factors on the English language proficiency of Taiwanese senior high school students. Unpub- lished doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia, Athens.
- Cheng, Y. S., Horwitz, E. K., & Schallert, D. L. (1999). Language anxiety: Differenti- ating writing and speaking components. Language Learning, 49, 417-446. http:// dx.doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.00095
- Cheng, Y. (2001). Learners’ beliefs and second language anxiety concentric, Studies in English Literature and Linguistics, 27(2), 75-90.
- Chiang, Y. (2007). Connecting Two Anxiety Constructs; An Interdiscilinary Study of Foreign language Anxiety and interpretation Anxiety. Doctor of Philosophy, The University of Texas at Austin, ProQuest. (UMI 3249927)
- Dalkilic, N. (2001). The role of foreign language classroom anxiety in English speak- ing courses. Enstitü Dergisi, 8(8), 70-82.
- Dogan, T., & Tuncer, Y. (2015). Effect of foreign language classroom anxiety on Turk- ish university students’ academic achievement in foreign language learning. Jour- nal of Education and Training Studies, 3(6), 14-19.
- Elliott, A. C., & Woodward, W. A. (2007). Statistical analysis quick reference guide- book: With SPSS examples. Sage.
- Fang-Peng, G., & Dong, Y. (2010). A study on college students’ anxiety to spoken English. Canadian Social Science, 6(2), 95-101.
- Gardner, R.C., Smythe, P.C., & Brunet, G.R. (1977). Intensive second language study: Effects on attitudes, motivation and French achievement. Language Learning, 27, 243–261.
- Gardner, R.C., Smythe, P.C., & Clement, R. (1979). Intensive second language study in a bicultural milieu: An investigation of attitudes, motivation and language pro- ficiency. Language Learning, 29, 305–320.
- Gopang, L., Bughio, F., & Pathan, H. (2015). Investigating Foreign Language Learn- ing Anxiety among Students Learning English in A Public Sector University, Pa- kistan. The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Science, 3(4), 27-37.
- Gregersen, T. (2003). To err is human: A reminder to teachers of language-anxious students. Foreign Language Annals, 36, 25-32.
- Güngör, F., & Yaylı, D. (2012). Self-efficacy and anxiety perceptions of pre-service EFL teachers. In A. Akbarov & V. Cook (Eds.), Approaches and methods in sec- ond and foreign language teaching (pp. 227-236). Sarajevo: IBU Publications. Retrieved from http://fatihgungor.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/Self-Effica- cy-and-AnxietyPerceptions-of-Pre-service-EFL-Teachers.pdf
- Hancı-Yanar, B., & Bümen, N. T. (2012). İngilizce ile ilgili özyeterlik inancı ölçeğinin geliştirilmesi. Kastamonu Eğitim Dergisi, 20(1), 97-110.
- Hilleson, M. (1996). I want to talk with them, but I don’t want them to hear: An in- trospective study of second language anxiety in an English-medium school. In K. M. Bailey, & D. Nunan (Eds.), Voices from the language classroom: Qualitative research in second language education (pp. 248-275). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Horwitz, E.K., Horwitz, M.B., & Cope, J.A. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxi- ety. Modern Language Journal, 70 (2), 125-132.
- Kitano, K. (2001). Anxiety in the college Japanese language classroom. Modern Lan- guage Journal, 85(4), 549–566.
- Koch, A., & Terrell, T. (1991). Affective reactions of foreign language students to natural approach activities and teaching techniques. In E. Horwitz, & D. Young (Eds.), Language Anxiety: From Theory and Research to Classroom Implications (pp. 109-126). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
- Li, R. (2007). When West Meets East: Communicative Language Teaching in China. Unpublished MA Thesis. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University.
- Liu, M., & Jackson, J. (2008). An exploration of Chinese EFL learners’ unwillingness to communicate and foreign language anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 92 (1), 71-86.
- MacIntyre, P.D., & Gardner, R.C. (1991). Methods and results in the study of anxiety and language learning: a review of the literature. Language Learning, 41(1), 85
- MacIntyre, P. D., & Gardner, R. C. (1994). The subtle effects of language anxiety on cognitive processing in the second language. Language Learning, 44, 283-305.
- MacIntyre, P.D., Clement, R., Dornyei, Z.M., & Noels, K.A. (1998). Conceptualizing willingness to communicate in a L2: a situational model of L2 confidence and af- filiation. Modern Language Journal, 82, 545–562.
- MacIntyre, P.D., Baker, S.C., Clement, R., & Donovan, L.A. (2002). Sex and age ef- fects on willingness to communicate, anxiety, perceived competence, and L2 mo- tivation among junior high school French immersion students. Language Learn- ing, 52, 537-564.
- Mahmoodzadeh, M. M. (2012). Investigating Foreign Language Speaking Anxi- ety within the EFL Learner’s Interlanguage System: The Case of Iranian Learn- ers. Journal of Language Teaching & Research, 3(3), 466-476. doi:10.4304/ jltr.3.3.466-476
- Martirossian, A., & Hartoonian, A. (2015). Lowering Foreign Language Anxiety through Self-Regulated Learning Strategy Use. English Language Teaching, 8(12), 209-222.
- Matsuda, S., & Gobel, P. (2001). Quiet apprehension: reading and classroom anxieties. JALT Journal, 23, 227–247.
- Morreale, S. (2011). The Relationship between Study Abroad and Motivation, Attitude and Anxiety in University Students Learning a Foreign Language. Unpublished Doctorate Dissertation, Wayne State University, USA.
- Onwuegbuzie, A.J., Bailey, P., & Daley, C.E. (1999). Relationship between anxiety and achievement at three stages of learning a foreign language. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 88, 1085-93.
- Öztürk, G., & Gürbüz, N. (2012). The impact of gender on foreign language speaking anxiety and motivation. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 654 – 665.
- Pallant, J. (2007). SPSS survival manual: A step-by-step guide to data analysis using SPSS version 15. Nova Iorque: McGraw Hill.
- Park, G. P., & French, B. F. (2013). Gender differences in the Foreign Language Class- room Anxiety Scale. System, 41(2), 462-471.
- Pertaub, D. P., Slater, M., & Barker, C. (2001). An experiment on public speaking anxiety in response to three different types of virtual audience. Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 11(1), 68-78.
- Phillips, L. (2005). A study of the impact of Foreign Language Anxiety on tertiary students’ oral performance. Unpublished MA Thesis. Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong.
- Price, M.L. (1991). The subjective experience of foreign language anxiety: interviews with anxiety students. In: Horwitz, E., Young, D. (Eds.), Language Anxiety: From Theory to Research to Classroom Practices. Prentice-Hall, New York, pp. 101
- Saito, Y., Horwitz, E. K., & Garza, T. J. (1999). Foreign language reading anxiety. The Modern Language Journal, 83, 202-218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0026- 7902.00016
- Sevim, O. (2012). Öğretmen adaylarına yönelik konuşma kaygısı ölçeği: Bir geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Turkish Studies, 7(2), 927-937.
- Soper, D. S. (2014). A-priori sample size calculator for hierarchical multiple regres- sion [Software]. Retrieved from http://www.danielsoper.com/statcalc
- Spezzini, S., & Oxford, R. (1998). Perspectives of preservice foreign language teach- ers. System, 26, 65–76.
- Tercan, G., & Dikilitas, K. (2015). EFL students’ speaking anxiety: A case from ter- tiary level students, ELT Research Journal, 4(1), 16-27.
- Thompson, A. S., & Lee, J. (2014). The Impact of Experience Abroad and Language Proficiency on Language Learning Anxizzety. TESOL Quarterly, 48(2), 252-274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tesq.125
- Tschannen-Moran, M., Woolfolk Hoy, A., & Hoy, W. K. (1998). Teacher efficacy: Its meaning and measure. Review of Educational Research, 68, 202–248. http:// dx.doi.org/10.3102/00346543068002202
- Tsiplakides, I. & Keramida, A. (2009). Helping Students Overcome Foreign Language Speaking Anxiety in the English Classroom: Theoretical Issues and Practical Rec- ommendations. International Educational Studies, 2(4), 39-44.