Year 2024,
Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 44 - 47, 02.01.2025
Bilge Kaan Ünal
,
Oğuzhan Erçel
,
Perihan Eke
,
Uğur Aydoğdu
,
Ersoy Baydar
References
-
1. Boonhoh W, Sontigun N, Fungwithaya P, Wongtawan T. Hematological analysis of naturally infecting blood parasites in dogs. Vet. World. 2023;16(4):681-686. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2023.681-686.
-
2. El Hamiani Khatat S, Daminet S, Duchateau L, Elhachimi L, Kachani M, Sahibi H. Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Features of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Dogs: A Systematic Review. Front Vet Sci. 2021; 8:686644. doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.686644.
-
3. Morales-Yuste M, Martín-Sánchez J, Corpas-Lopez V. Canine Leishmaniasis: Update on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Vet. Sci. 2022;9(8):387. doi:10.3390/vetsci9080387.
-
4. Ramakant RK, Verma HC, Diwakar RP. Canine ehrlichiosis: A review. J Entomol Zool Stud. 2020;8(2):1849-1852.
-
5. Koutinas AF, Koutinas CK. Pathologic mechanisms underlying the clinical findings in canine leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum/chagasi. Vet Pathol. 2014;51(2):527-538. doi:10.1177/0300985814521248.
-
6. Eberts MD, Vissotto de Paiva Diniz PP, Beall MJ, et al. Typical and atypical manifestations of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2011;47(6):e86-e94. doi:10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5578.
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7. Aytuğ N. Köpek ve Kedilerin İç Hastalıkları. Medipres Matbaacılık; 2019.
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8. Alvar J, Canavate C, Molina R, Moreno J, Nieto J. Canine Leishmaniasis. Adv Parasitol. 2004; 57:1-88.
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9. Fielder SE. Reference guides. Merck & Co., Inc. Accessed October 15, 2024. https://www.msdvetmanual.com/special-subjects/reference-guides.
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10. Bastan İ, Kurtdede A, Özen D. Prognostic usefulness of some parameters in dogs with canine parvovirus. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. Mart 2013;60(1):53-58. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002553
-
11. Sahoo KK, Gupta DK, Roy K, et al. Canine ehrlichiosis: A review. Pharm. Innov. 2022; SP-11(2):474-480.
-
12. Kottadamane MR, Dhaliwal PS, Singla LD. Diagnosis and treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in a boxer breed of dog–a case report. Int J Sci Environ Technol. 2017; 5:3099-3105.
-
13. Mary A, Robin A, Terry C. Veterinary Haematology and Clinical Chemistry. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.
-
14. Almeida V, Lima I, Fraga D, et al. Hematological Changes in Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis Are Associated with Increased IFN-γ and TNF Gene Expression Levels in the Bone Marrow. Microorganisms. 2021;9(8):1618. doi:10.3390/microorganisms9081618.
-
15. Rungsipipat A, Oda M, Kumpoosiri N, et al. Clinicopathological study of experimentally induced canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Comp Clin Pathol. 2009;18:13-22. doi:10.1007/s00580-008-0759-6.
A Case of Concurrent Infection with Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys, and Leishmania infantum in a Dog
Year 2024,
Volume: 4 Issue: 2, 44 - 47, 02.01.2025
Bilge Kaan Ünal
,
Oğuzhan Erçel
,
Perihan Eke
,
Uğur Aydoğdu
,
Ersoy Baydar
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases transmitted by arthropods lead to significant threats to animal and human health worldwide. Arthropods of medical and veterinary importance not only cause harm to their hosts through blood-feeding activities that result in allergies, paralysis, and toxicosis, but also serve as vectors for transmitting multiple bacterial, viral, parasitic, and rickettsial diseases to animals and humans. Among the most important vector-borne blood parasites in dogs are leishmaniosis, ehrlichiosis, anaplasmosis, dirofilariosis, and babesiosis. This case report focuses on a 3-year-old male Dogo Argentino dog presenting with clinical signs of anorexia, weakness, and lethargy. Based on physical, hematological, and biochemical examinations, as well as rapid diagnostic test results, the dog was found to be positive for Ehrlichia canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum/platys, and Leishmania infantum. This case report holds particular significance as it documents the first reported case of concurrent infections with different blood parasites in a dog from the Balıkesir region.
Ethical Statement
Since the samples were obtained from animals undergoing routine examinations, an ethical statement was deemed unnecessary.
References
-
1. Boonhoh W, Sontigun N, Fungwithaya P, Wongtawan T. Hematological analysis of naturally infecting blood parasites in dogs. Vet. World. 2023;16(4):681-686. doi:10.14202/vetworld.2023.681-686.
-
2. El Hamiani Khatat S, Daminet S, Duchateau L, Elhachimi L, Kachani M, Sahibi H. Epidemiological and Clinicopathological Features of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Dogs: A Systematic Review. Front Vet Sci. 2021; 8:686644. doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.686644.
-
3. Morales-Yuste M, Martín-Sánchez J, Corpas-Lopez V. Canine Leishmaniasis: Update on Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention. Vet. Sci. 2022;9(8):387. doi:10.3390/vetsci9080387.
-
4. Ramakant RK, Verma HC, Diwakar RP. Canine ehrlichiosis: A review. J Entomol Zool Stud. 2020;8(2):1849-1852.
-
5. Koutinas AF, Koutinas CK. Pathologic mechanisms underlying the clinical findings in canine leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum/chagasi. Vet Pathol. 2014;51(2):527-538. doi:10.1177/0300985814521248.
-
6. Eberts MD, Vissotto de Paiva Diniz PP, Beall MJ, et al. Typical and atypical manifestations of Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in dogs. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc. 2011;47(6):e86-e94. doi:10.5326/JAAHA-MS-5578.
-
7. Aytuğ N. Köpek ve Kedilerin İç Hastalıkları. Medipres Matbaacılık; 2019.
-
8. Alvar J, Canavate C, Molina R, Moreno J, Nieto J. Canine Leishmaniasis. Adv Parasitol. 2004; 57:1-88.
-
9. Fielder SE. Reference guides. Merck & Co., Inc. Accessed October 15, 2024. https://www.msdvetmanual.com/special-subjects/reference-guides.
-
10. Bastan İ, Kurtdede A, Özen D. Prognostic usefulness of some parameters in dogs with canine parvovirus. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Derg. Mart 2013;60(1):53-58. doi:10.1501/Vetfak_0000002553
-
11. Sahoo KK, Gupta DK, Roy K, et al. Canine ehrlichiosis: A review. Pharm. Innov. 2022; SP-11(2):474-480.
-
12. Kottadamane MR, Dhaliwal PS, Singla LD. Diagnosis and treatment of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in a boxer breed of dog–a case report. Int J Sci Environ Technol. 2017; 5:3099-3105.
-
13. Mary A, Robin A, Terry C. Veterinary Haematology and Clinical Chemistry. 2nd ed. Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.
-
14. Almeida V, Lima I, Fraga D, et al. Hematological Changes in Dogs with Visceral Leishmaniasis Are Associated with Increased IFN-γ and TNF Gene Expression Levels in the Bone Marrow. Microorganisms. 2021;9(8):1618. doi:10.3390/microorganisms9081618.
-
15. Rungsipipat A, Oda M, Kumpoosiri N, et al. Clinicopathological study of experimentally induced canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Comp Clin Pathol. 2009;18:13-22. doi:10.1007/s00580-008-0759-6.