<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Kadim</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2757-9395</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2757-9476</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Burhan ÇAĞLAR</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.54462/kadim.1874138</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Ottoman Society</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Osmanlı Toplumu</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Merkezi Kontrol ve Anayasal Haklar arasında: Erzurumda 1908 Seçimleri ve Taşra Siyaseti</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Between Central Control and Constitutional Rights: The 1908 Elections and Provincial Politics in Erzurum</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9898-0745</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Duman Koç</surname>
                                    <given-names>Gülseren</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL MEDENİYET ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260415">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>15</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>11</issue>
                                        <fpage>79</fpage>
                                        <lpage>96</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260128">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>28</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260401">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>01</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2021, Kadim</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2021</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Kadim</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Bu makale, Erzurum vilayetinde 1908 seçimlerine ve sonrasına odaklanarak Osmanlı sınırında meşruti yönetime geçiş sürecini incelemektedir. İmparatorluğun demografik çeşitliliğe sahip bir sınır vilayeti olan ve göçebe ile yarı-göçebe aşiretleri barındıran Erzurum, 1908 devriminin vaatleri olan hürriyet, müsavat ve uhuvvet kavramlarının yerel bağlamda nasıl tezahür ettiğini incelemek için önemli bir örnek sunmaktadır. Bu çalışma önce mebusların demografik dağılımını, seçimler sırasındaki usulsüzlükleri ve bu gelişmelerin basına nasıl yansıdığını incelemektedir. Erzurum’da seçim süreci ve sonrası ile ilgili bazı somut vakaları inceleyerek, bu makale devletin güvenliğini ve asayişi her şeyin önünde tutan merkezi otoritelerle, ifade ve temsil özgürlüğü, mahremiyetin dokunulmazlığı gibi anayasal haklar arasındaki çatışmayı göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Osmanlı arşiv belgeleri ve Meclis-i Mebusan Zabıt Ceridelerini inceleyerek bu makale hem seçim süreçlerinin hem de anayasal hakların nasıl merkezi otoriteler, mebuslar, valiler ve yerel halk arasında çatışmalı bir alana dönüştüğünü göstermektedir.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>This article examines the transition to a constitutional regime in the Ottoman periphery by focusing on the 1908 elections and their aftermath in the province of Erzurum. As a frontier province with a diverse demographic structure comprising various nomadic and semi-nomadic groups, Erzurum offers a compelling case for scrutinizing how the promises of the 1908 Constitutional Revolution, namely liberty, equality, and fraternity, unfolded in a local context. This study first analyzes debates over the demographic distribution of deputies and electoral irregularities, as well as their reflection in the press. By investigating specific cases from Erzurum, the article demonstrates the tension between the central authority prioritizing state security and public order, and constitutional rights such as freedom of expression, representation, and the inviolability of privacy. Based on an analysis of Ottoman archival documents and the Minutes of the Ottoman Chamber of Deputies, the article argues that both electoral processes and constitutional rights emerged as contested fields among central authorities, deputies, governors, and the local population.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Ottoman History</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  1908 Elections</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Erzurum</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Constitutional Rights</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Center-Periphery Relations</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Opposition</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Osmanlı Tarihi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  1908 Seçimleri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Erzurum</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Anayasal Haklar</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Merkez-Çevre İlişkileri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Muhalefet</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Presidency of State Archives of the Republic of Türkiye, Ottoman Archives (BOA).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bab-ı Âli Evrak Odası (BEO).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dahiliye Nezareti Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dahiliye Nezareti Muhaberat-ı Umumiye İdaresi (DH.MUİ).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Maarif Nezareti İbtidaiyye Kalemi (MF.İBT).</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Minutes of the Chamber of Deputies (MMZC). Period. 1, Vol. 5. Ankara: The Grand National Assembly of Türkiye, 
Library and Archive Services. Accessed October 20, 2025.
https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/develop/owa/tutanak_dergisi_pdfler_mmb.meclis_donemleri?v_meclisdonem=0</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tanin Gazetesi</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Adıvar, Halide Edip. Memoirs of Halidé Edib. London: John Murray, 1926.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ahmad, Feroz. The Young Turks: The Committee of Union and Progress in Turkish Politics, 1908-1914. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ahmad, Feroz - Rustow, Dankwart A. “İkinci Meşrutiyet Döneminde Meclisler: 1908-1918”. Güney-Doğu Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 4/5 (1976), 245-284.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akşin, Sina. 31 Mart Olayı. Istanbul: Imge Kitabevi Yayınları, 2015.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Akşin, Sina. Jön Türkler ve İttihat ve Terakki. Istanbul: Imge Kitabevi Yayınları, 2007.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Avagyan, Arsen - Minassian, Gaidz F. Ermeniler ve İttihat Terakki: İşbirliğinden Çatışmaya. Istanbul: Aras Yayıncılık, 2005.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Demir, Fevzi. “İzmir Sancağı’nda 1912 Meclis-i Mebusan Seçimleri”. Çağdaş Türkiye Tarihi Araştırmaları Dergisi 1/1 (1991), 155-182.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Demir, Fevzi. Osmanlı Devleti&#039;nde II. Meşrutiyet Dönemi Meclis-i Mebusan Seçimleri 1908-1914. Istanbul: Imge Kitabevi Yayınları, 2007.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Der Matossian, Bedros. Shattered Dreams of Revolution: From Liberty to Violence in the Late Ottoman Empire. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2014.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Der Matossian, Bedros. The Horrors of Adana: Revolution and Violence in the Early Twentieth Century. Redwood City, CA: Stanford University Press, 2022.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kaligian, Dikran M. Armenian Organization and Ideology under Ottoman Rule, 1908-1914. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2009.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kansu, Aykut. Politics in Post-revolutionary Turkey, 1908-1913. Leiden: Brill, 2000.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kansu, Aykut. Revolution of 1908 in Turkey. Leiden: Brill, 1997.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karpat, Kemal H. “The Ottoman Parliament of 1877 and its Social Significance”. Studies on Ottoman Social and Political History, 75-89. Leiden: Brill, 2002.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kayalı, Hasan. “Elections and Electoral Process in the Ottoman Empire, 1876-1919”. International Journal of Middle East Studies 27/3 (1995), 265-286.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Klein, Janet. The Margins of Empire: Kurdish Militias in the Ottoman Tribal Zone. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2011.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Moumdjian, Garabet K. Struggling for a Constitutional Regime: Armenian-Young Turk Relations in the Era of Abdülhamid II, 1895-1909. Los Angeles: University of California, Ph.D. Dissertation, 2012.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ortak, Şaban. “Kişisel Mektuplarının Açılması Meselesiyle Meclis-i Mebusan Gündemine Gelen Bayezid Mebusu Süleyman Sûdî (Acarbay) Bey’in Siyasi Faaliyetleri”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 22/ (November 2020), 44-68.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tunaya, Tarık Zafer. Türkiye’de Siyasal Partiler: İkinci Meşrutiyet Dönemi. Vol. 1. Istanbul: Hürriyet Vakfı Yayınları, 1988.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zürcher, Erik J. “The Ides of April: A Fundamentalist Uprising in Istanbul in 1909”. State and Islam. ed. Cees van Dijk-Alexander H. de Groot. 64-76. Leiden: CNWS, 1996.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zürcher, Erik J. Turkey: A Modern History. London: I.B. Tauris, 1992.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
