Başına Buyruk Bir Gazeteci: Edgar Whitaker’ın Şahsi ve Mesleki Hayatı (1831-1903)

Yıl 2023, Sayı: 6, 149 - 174, 15.10.2023

Burhan Çağlar

https://doi.org/10.54462/kadim.1291662

Cited By: 2

Öz

Bu çalışma, Osmanlı gazeteciliğinde önemli bir figür olan The Levant Herald'ın sahiplerinden Edgar Whitaker'a odaklanmakta, onun Londra'dan Hindistan'a ordan Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'na uzanan hikâyesinin izini sürmektedir. Daha önceki araştırmalar, Whitaker'ın Hamidiye rejimi ile olan siyasi münasebetlerine ve diplomatik ilişkilerine odaklanırken bu makale ailesi, sosyal çevresi ve evliliği gibi kişisel yaşamını keşfetmeyi amaçlamıştır. Makalede özellikle Whitaker’ın Abbottlar ile ilişkileri, sıhriyet bağları, arkadaşlıkları ve İstanbul'daki sosyal hayatı ortaya konmuştur. Birincil kaynaklar, arşiv belgeleri ve süreli yayınları temel alan çalışmada Whitaker'ın eğitimine, erken kariyerine ve sosyal, kültürel çevresine dair bir perspektif sunulmaktadır. Nihayet makale Whitaker'ın şahsi ve mesleki hayatını aydınlatarak Osmanlı İmparatorluğu'ndaki bir Levanten gazeteci ve yayıncının profesyonel yaşamına dair bilgilerimizin sınırlarını genişletmeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Edgar Whitaker, Gazetecilik, The Levant Herald, Levanten Basın, Abbotts, James Carlile McCoan, Société Musicale de Constantinople

A Maverick Pressman: The Personal and Professional Life of Edgar Whitaker (1831-1903)

Öz

This study offers an exhaustive analysis of Edgar Whitaker, a pivotal figure in Ottoman journalism and one of the primary proprietors of The Levant Herald. The investigation traces Whitaker's path from London through India and eventually to the Ottoman Empire. While previous research has predominantly focused on his political clashes with the Hamidian regime and his diplomatic relations, this study endeavors to expand on the understanding of Whitaker, delving into aspects of his personal life, such as kinship bonds, social interactions, and marriage. Particular attention is given to his association with the Abbotts, exploring his family ties, friendships, and social life in Constantinople. Drawing upon primary sources, archival records, and periodicals, this research presents a wide-ranging perspective of Whitaker's life, illuminating his educational background, early career, and involvement in diverse social and cultural environments. Ultimately, this study enhances the nuanced understanding of Whitaker's personal and professional spheres, revealing his multifaceted achievements as a Levantine journalist and newspaper proprietor in the Ottoman Empire.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Edgar Whitaker, Journalism, The Levant Herald, Levantines Press, Abbotts, James Carlile McCoan, Société Musicale de Constantinople

Kaynakça

• T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Devlet Arşivleri Başkanlığı, Osmanlı Arşivi (Presidency State Archives of the Republic of Turkey, Department of Ottoman Archives, Istanbul), (BOA). Bab-ı Ali Evrak Odası (BEO).
• Dahiliye Mektubi Kalemi (DH.MKT).
• İrade Dahiliye (İ.DH).
• Yıldız Arzuhal Jurnal (Y.PRK.AZJ).
• Yıldız Müfettişlikler ve Komiserlikler Tahriratı (Y.PRK.MK).
• The National Archives of the United Kingdom, London, (TNA.)
• Foreign Office Documents (FO.)
• Home Office Documents (HO.)
• Royal Geographical Society (with IBG) /Fellowship Certificate - Edgar Whitaker.
• Allen, Susan Heuck. Finding the Walls of Troy: Frank Calvert and Heinrich Schliemann at Hisarlik. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
• Apaydın, Bahadır. Kapitülasyonlar ve Osmanlı – Türk Adli ve İdari Modernleşmesi. Ankara: Adalet Yayınevi, 2013. Baykal, Erol A. F. The Ottoman Press (1908-1923). Leiden: Brill, 2019.
• Beyru, Rauf. 19. Yüzyılda İzmir’de Sağlık Sorunları ve Yaşam. İzmir: İzmir Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür Yayınları, 2005.
• Burgin, George Brown. Memoirs of a Clubman. London: Hutchinson & Co., 1921.
• Çağlar, Burhan. “Edgar Whitaker: A British Journalist in the Ottoman Empire”. Media History 29/1 (2023). 39-58. https://doi.org/10.1080/13688804.2022.2048642
• Çağlar, Burhan. “Turmoil in the Capital: British Publication Alarmed the Hamidian Regime”. Belleten 85/302 (2021), 133 – 153. https://doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2021.133
• Çelik, Hüseyin. Ali Suavî ve Dönemi. Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları, 1994.
• Clark, Michael S. “Genealogy of the Abbott Family”. San Joaquin Geological Services. Accessed March 1, 2019. http://www.mikesclark.com/genealogy/abbott.html
• Clark, Michael S. “The Possidhon Affair”. San Joaquin Geological Services. Accessed March 1, 2019. http://www.mikesclark.com/genealogy/possidhon_affair.html
• Compton-Bishop, Quentin. “The Górkiewicz and Connected Families in Smyrna”. Levantine Heritage: The Story of a Community. Accessed March 1, 2019. http://www.levantineheritage.com/testi67.htm
• Cooper-Richet, Diana. “The English-Language Press in Continental Europe”. Edinburgh History of the British and Irish Press: Expansion and Evolution. Ed. David Finkelstein. 2/221–240. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2021.
• Davison, Roderic H. “The Question of Fuad Paşa’s Political Testament”. Belleten 23 (1959) 119-136.
• Davison, Roderic H. “The Question of the Documents Called Les Responsibilites”. 4 volumes. 1543-1568. XI. Türk Tarih Kongresi: 05-09 Eylül 1990. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu, 1990.
• Frangakis-Syrett, Elena. “British Economic Activities in Izmir in the Second Half of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries”. New Perspectives on Turkey 6 (1991): 191-227.
• Giraud, Nadia. “Searching for distant relations, the Abbotts of Salonica”. Levantine Heritage: The Story of a Community. Accessed March 1, 2019. http://www.levantineheritage.com/testi60.htm
• Goffman, Daniel. Izmir and the Levantine World, 1550-1650. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1990.
• Great Britain. Foreign Office, The Foreign Office List, and Diplomatic and Consular Hand Book: January 1876. London: Harrison and Sons, 1876.
• Groc, Gérard and Çağlar, İbrahim. La Presse Française de Turquie de 1795 à nos Jours: Histoire et Catalogue. Istanbul: ISIS Yayımcılık, 1985.
• Hansard's Parliamentary Debates, Third Series 165. London: Hansard, 1862.
• Headon, Christopher Fergus. “George Whitaker”. Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Accessed March 1, 2019. http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/whitaker_george_11E.html
• Hubbard, Harlan Page. Hubbard's Newspaper and Bank Directory of the World. 2 volumes. New Haven: H. P. Hubbard, 1882.
• İşçi, Onur. “Wartime Propaganda and the Legacies of Defeat: Russian and Ottoman Newspapers in the War of 1877–1878”. Russian History 41 (2014), 181-196.
• Kocabaşoğlu, Uygur. Majestelerinin Konsolosları: İngiliz Belgeleriyle Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’ndaki İngiliz Konsoloslukları (1580-1900). Istanbul: İletişim Yayıncılık, 2004.
• Kurmuş, Orhan. Emperyalizmin Türkiye’ye Girişi. Istanbul: Yordam Kitap, 2008.
• Lepper, John Heron. “The Poor Common Soldier: A Study of Irish Ambulatory Warrants”. Ars Quatuor Coronatorum 38 (1925): 149-196.
• Markovits, Stefanie. “Rushing into Print: Participatory Journalism During the Crimean War”. Victorian Studies 50/4 (2008), 559-586.
• Mason, M. Chris. Heart like a Fakir: General Sir James Abbott and the fall of the East India Company. London: Rowman & Littlefield, 2023.
• Methodieva, Milena B. Between Empire and Nation: Muslim Reform in the Balkans. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2021.
• “Men and Manners in Constantinople”. The Eclectic Magazine of Foreign Literature, Science, and Art. 743-744. New York: E. R. Pelton, 1885.
• Murphy, David. Ireland and the Crimean War. London: Four Courts Press, 2002.
• Reed, Thomas Arthur. A History of the University of Trinity College, Toronto: 1852–1952. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1952.
• Robinson, Marcelle. Schliemann’s Silent Partner: Frank Calvert (1828-1908) Pioneer, Scholar, and Survivor. Philadelphia: Xlibris Corporation, 2006.
• Royal Geographical Society, Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society and Monthly Record of Geography 10. London: Stanford, 1888.
• Rubin, Avi. Ottoman Rule of Law and the Modern Political Trial: The Yıldız Case. New York: Syracuse University Press, 2018.
• Ryan, Sir Andrew. The Last of the Dragomans. London: Geoffrey Bless: 1951.
• Stillman, William James. The Autobiography of a Journalist. 2 volumes. London: Grant Richardss, 1901.
• The Bankers' Almanac and YearBook. West Sussex: T. Skinner, 1976.
• Whitaker, Edgar. “The Coup d’Etat in Eastern Roumelia”. The Nineteenth Century: A Montly Review 18 (July-December 1885), 819-832.
• Whitman, Sidney. Turkish Memories. New York: Scribner’s Sons, 1914.
• Yasamee, Feroze A. K. “Some Notes on British Espionage in The Ottoman Empire, 1878-1908”. The Balance of Truth: Essays in Honour of Professor Geoffrey Lewis. ed. Çiğdem Balım-Harding - Colin Imber. 431- 442. Istanbul: Isis Press, 2000.
• Yeats-Brown, Francis. Caught by the Turks. London: Edward Arnold, 1919.