<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Karadeniz Araştırmaları</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2536-5126</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2536-5126</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Bilgehan ATSIZ GÖKDAĞ</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.56694/karadearas.1329748</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>International Relations (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Uluslararası İlişkiler (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>UKRAYNA-RUSYA SAVAŞI’NI REALİST VE SOSYAL İNŞACI  (KONSTRÜKTİVİST) TEORİK ÇERÇEVEDE ANALİZ ETMEK</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>ANALYSING THE UKRAINE-RUSSIA WAR IN A REALIST AND  CONSTRUCTIVIST THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-0439</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Dinç</surname>
                                    <given-names>Deniz</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Uluslararası Final Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230719">
                    <day>07</day>
                    <month>19</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>20</volume>
                                        <issue>78</issue>
                                        <fpage>331</fpage>
                                        <lpage>345</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20230106">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>06</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230528">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>28</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2004, Karadeniz Araştırmaları</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2004</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Karadeniz Araştırmaları</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Rusya’nın Ukrayna’yı işgaliyle ortaya çıkan savaşın nedenlerini tarihsel kökenleriyle araştıran bu çalışma, uluslararası politikanın iki önemli teorik perspektifinden yararlanmıştır. Neorealist ve Sosyal İnşacı teorileri kullanan bu makale, birbirine zıt sonuçlara ulaşan farklı teorilerle savaşın nedenlerini açıklamaktadır. Tarihsel olarak Ukrayna ve Rusya tarih anlatılarının farklılığını ve gerilimlerini gösteren bu çalışma, milliyetçi söylemlerin nasıl farklı tarihler oluşturdu-ğunu göstermektedir. Birbirine karşıt olarak gelişmiş iki farklı milliyetçi tarih söylemi savaşı yaratan tarihsel yapısal koşullardan birisidir. Bu makale Neorealist perspektiften NATO ve Batılı ülkelerin kışkırtmalarının Rusya’yı savaşa sürüklediğini belirtmektedir. Bir diğer yandan ise bu çalışma, Konstrüktivist perspektiften Putin yönetiminin subjektif güvenlik algısıyla savaş alternatifini seçtiğini ve savaşın ortaya çıkmasından aktör bağlamında sorumlu olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Sosyal yapı ve Aktör odaklı iki farklı perspektiften savaşın sebeplerini araştıran bu çalışma, sosyal gerçekliğin iki boyutunu da anlama girişiminde açıklamalar getirdiği için özgün bir bakış açısı sunmaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study, which investigates the causes of the war through its historical roots that emerged with the Russian inva-sion of Ukraine has benefited from two important theoretical perspectives of international politics. Applying Neorea-list and Social Constructivist theories, this article explains the causes of war with different theories that reach contra-dictory results. This study showing the differences and tensions of the historical narratives of Ukraine and Russia, demostrates how nationalist discourses create different histories. Two different nationalist historical discourses deve-loped in contrast to each other are one of the historical structural conditions that created the war. This article states that from a Neorealist perspective, the provocations of NATO and Western countries dragged Russia into the war. On the other hand, this study emphasizes that from a Constructivist perspective, the Putin administration chose the war alternative through a subjective security perception and that the administration is responsible for the outbreak of the war in the context of the agency. This study, which investigates the causes of war from two different perspectives focused on social structure and agency, offers a unique perspective as it attempts to understand both dimensions of social reality.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Neorealizim</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Konstruktivizm</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Rusya</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ukrayna</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Tarihsel Hikâye.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Neorealism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Constructivism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Russia</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ukraine</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Historical Narrative.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">KAYNAKÇA
BATTA, A. (2022). The Russian Minorities in the Former Soviet Republics: Secession, Integration, and Homeland. Oxon/New York: Routledge.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">BEISSINGER, M. (2002). Nationalist Mobilization and Collapse of the Soviet State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">BRUBAKER, R. (2011). “Nationalizing States Revisited: projects and process of nationalization in post-Soviet Space.”. Ethnic and Racial Studies, V34/11: 1785-1814.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">CAFRUNY, A.-Vassilis K. F.-William, D.E.M.-Voynitsky, A. (2022). “Ukraine, Multipolarity and the Crisis of Grand Strategies”. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, DOI: 10.1080/19448953.2022.2084881</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">DİNÇ, D. (2022). Tatarstan’s Autonomy within Putin’s Russia: Minority Elites, Ethnic Mobiliza-tion, and Sovereignty, Oxon/New York: Routledge.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">GRIGAS, A. (2016). Beyond Crimea. New Heaven, CT: Yale University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">GORENBURG D. (2003). Minority Ethnic Mobilization in the Russian Federation, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">GORENBURG D. (2006). “Soviet Nationalities Policy and Assimilation” In Rebounding Identi-ties: The Politics of Identity in Russia and Ukraine, eds. D. Arel and B. A. Ruble, 273-304. Washington D.C.: Woodrow Wilson Center Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">HEYWOOD, A. (2011). Global Politics, New York: Palgrave Macmillan.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">HIRSCH, F. (2005). Empire of Nations: Ethnographic Knowledge and the Making of the Soviet Union, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">KAPPELER, A. (2014). “Ukraine and Russia: Legacies of the Imperial past and Competing Me-mories”. Journal of Eurasian Studies V5/2: 107-115.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">MEARSHEIMER, J. (2014). “Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault: The Liberal Delutions That Provoked Putin”. Foreign Affairs, V September/October: 1-12.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">MARTIN, T. (2001). Affirmative Action Empire: Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939, New York: Cornell University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">NITSOVA, S. (2021). “Why the difference? Donbas, Kharkiv and Dnipropetrovsk After Ukraine’s Euromaidan Revolution”. Europe-Asia Studies, V73/10: 1832-1856. DOI: 10.1080/09668136.2021.1912297</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">PLOKHY, S. (2008). Ukraine and Russia. Representations of the Past. Toronto/Buffalo/London: University of Toronto Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">SOYSAL, C. (2022). Russia’s War on Ukraine: Implications and Prospects for the International Order, Ankara: Orion Books.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">WENDT, A. (1999). Social Theory of International Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Internet Kaynakları 
CHAHARNYİ, O. (2021). “Lawmakers ask Zelensky to Return ‘Hero of Ukraine’ title to Bandera, Shukhevych”. Erişim Tarihi: 30.12.2022</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">https://www.kyivpost.com/ukraine-politics/lawmakers-ask-zelensky-to-return-hero-of-ukraine-title-to-bandera-shukhevych.html</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">CNN Politics. (2023). “US announces $1.2 aid package to Ukraine with Counteroffensive Loom-ing”. Erişim Tarihi: 31.05.2023</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">https://edition.cnn.com/2023/05/08/politics/ukraine-aid-package-counteroffensive/index.html</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">France 24. (2022). “ US approves $45 billion aid package for Ukraine”. Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2023</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20221223-live-russia-threatens-to-cut-oil-output-in-response-to-price-caps</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">MEARSHEIMER, J. (2022). “John Mearsheimer on Why the West is Principally Responsible for Ukranian Crisis”. The Economist.  Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2023.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">https://www.economist.com/by-invitation/2022/03/11/john-mearsheimer-on-why-the-west-is-principally-responsible-for-the-ukrainian-crisis</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">NBCNEWS. (2005). “Putin: Soviet Collapse ‘a genuine tragedy’”. Erişim Tarihi: 06.01.2023
https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna7632057</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">NOZHIN, V. (2023). “War in Ukraine: Why Bakhmut is the focus of one of the conflict’s bloodiest battles”. Erişim Tarihi: 30.05.2023
https://www.euronews.com/2023/03/11/war-in-ukraine-why-bakhmut-is-the-focus-of-one-of-the-conflicts-bloodiest-battles</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
