MÖ 4. Yüzyılda Phanagoria Acropolis’te Bir Kamu Binası

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 8, 213 - 243, 31.12.2019

Aleksei A. Zavoykın Çevirmen: Richard L. Bland

https://doi.org/10.31765/karen.668176

Öz

Son on yılda Phanagoria akropolünde (“Yukarı Şehir” kazısı) yapılan kazılar sırasında yapılan en ilginç ve önemli keşifler MÖ 2. yy’ın son ve MÖ 1. yy’ın ilk yarısı ile birlikte MÖ 6. yy’ın ikinci yarısı ve MÖ 5. yy'ın ilk yarısının tabaka ve yapılarının incelenmesi ile bağlantılıdır. Bu öncelikle diğer dönemlerin tabakalarının daha zayıf olarak korunmuş olması veya hiç korunmamış olması ile açıklanabilir. Bu makalede, MÖ 5. yy'ın ortalarında yanan bir kamu binasının yerine inşa edilen, MÖ 4. yy'ın ilk yarısındaki ilginç bir mimari kompleksin malzemeleri üzerine ön açıklamalar verilmiştir. Kalan duvar temellerinin analizi, binanın alanını ve planlamasını belirlememizi sağlar. Bu temelde binanın en az iki katı olduğunu varsaymak mümkündür. Çatısı döşenmiştir. İki sütunlu bir revak ile bezenmiş binanın girişi doğu tarafındadır. Binanın bir tarafı (güney) işlevi belirsiz olan büyük bir önemli yapı ile çevriliyken üç tarafı (batı, kuzey ve doğu) taş döşemeli alan ve bir sokak ile çevrelenmiştir. Ayrıca, M.Ö. 350'lerde bir yangınla yıkılan binanın (460) fonksiyonel amacı hakkında sonuç çıkarmak da imkansızdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Phanagoria, Acropolis, Arkaik ve Klasik Dönemler, Helenizm, Mimari, Plan, Kurum, Kaplama, Yangın

A Public Buılding of the 4th Century BC on the Phanagoria Acropolis

Öz

The most interesting and important discoveries made during excavations at the Phanagoria acropolis (“The Upper City” excavation) in the last decade are connected with investigation of strata and structures of the second half of the 6th–first half of the 5th centuries BC, as well as with the end of the 2nd–first half of 1st centuries BC. This can be explained primarily by the fact that the strata of other periods have been more poorly preserved or not preserved at all. Preliminary remarks are given in this paper on materials of one interesting architectural complex of the first half of 4th century BC that was constructed on the place of a public building that burned down in the mid-5th century BC. Analysis of the remaining wall foundations allows us to determine the area of the building and its planning. On this basis it is possible to assume that the building had at least two floors. Its roof was tiled. The entrance to the building, adorned with a portico with two columns, was located on the east side. The house was enclosed on three sides (west, north, and east) by paved squares and a street, while on one side (south) it bordered on a large substantial structure whose function is obscure. It is also impossible now to draw conclusions on the functional purpose of the building (460), which was destroyed by a conflagration in 350s BC.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Phanagoria, Phanagoria, Phanagoria, Acropolis, Acropolis, Acropolis, Archaic and Classic Periods, Hellenism, Architecture, Layout, Foundation, Pavement, Fire

Kaynakça

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