Utilizing New and Innovative Tools to Mitigate Surficial Erosion in Mediterranean Environments

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 3, 373 - 382, 27.11.2017

George N Zaimes

https://doi.org/10.17475/kastorman.300040

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Abstract

Aim of study: Soil
erosion is a serious environmental problem since it can have major impacts on
the human society. Climate change is only expected to exacerbate soil erosion.
The aim of this study was to use new technologies to measure more accurately
and address holistically soil erosion mitigation in Greece.

Area of study: The
study area was on Thasos Island, Greece that has flat and steep slope areas,
different types of land-uses and frequent wildfires that allowed to assess soil
erosion under different conditions.

Material and Methods: Soil
erosion was estimated at two different scales (micro and macroscale). For the
miscrocale, different sensors along with the use of ultrasonic technology were
employed to measure erosion and other influencing factors. For the macroscale,
firstly a soil loss equation in GIS was utilized. In addition, an Integrated
Information System was developed for stakeholders.

Main results: A
new tool that measures accurately and continuously soil erosion was developed.
The Automated Soil Erosion Monitoring System (ASEMS) can monitor and store
important environmental variables at a specific location (microscale). The
variables it measured were: i) soil erosion/deposition (ground level changes),
ii) soil moisture, iii) soil temperature, iv) rainfall and v) air temperature.
Finally, an Integrated Information System (I²S)
that allowed to mitigate soil erosion for large areas (macroscale) was
developed.

Highlights: New
tools (ASEMS and I²S) and a calibrated
equation in GIS were developed that could be utilized by government agencies in
Greece to accomplish sustainable, effective and cost-efficient mitigation of
soil erosion. These tools are also applicable in other regions of the
Mediterranean. 

Keywords

Ultrasonic Sensor, Integrated Information System, Erosion Models, Erosion Risk Maps, Climate Change

Akdeniz çevresinde meydana gelen yüzeysel erozyonu azaltmaya yönelik yeni ve yenilikçi araçların kullanılması

Abstract

Özet

Çalışmanın
amacı: Toprak erozyonu
toplum üzerinde büyük etkilere sahip olabileceğinden ciddi bir çevresel
sorundur. İklim değişikliğinin sadece toprak erozyonunu şiddetlendirmesi
beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Yunanistan’da toprak eroyonunundaki
azalmayı bir bütün olarak ele alan yeni teknolojiler kullanarak daha doğru bir
şekilde ölçmektir.

Çalışma
alanı:  Çalışma alanı, düz ve dik
yamaç alanları ile farklı arazi kullanım alanları bulunan, sık olarak orman
yangıları görülen, farklı koşullar altında toprak erozyonunu değerlendirme
imkanı veren Thasos adası, Yunanistan’dır.

Materyal ve
Yöntem: Toprak erozyonu
iki farklı ölçekte değerlendirildi (mikro ve makro ölçek). Mikro ölçekte,
erozyon ve diğer etkileyici faktörleri ölçmek için ultrasonic teknoloji ile
birlikte farklı sensörler kullanıldı. Macro ölçekte, öncelikle GIS’de mevcut
olan bir toprak kayıp eşitliğinden yaralanıldı. Buna ek olarak, paydaşlar için
bir Entegre Bilgi Sistemi geliştirildi.

Sonuçlar: Doğru ve sürekli
olarak toprak erozyonunu ölçen yeni bir araç geliştirildi. Otomatik Toprak
Erozyonu İzleme Sistemi (ASEMS) belirli bir yerdeki çevresel değişiklikleri
izleyebilir ve depolayabilir (mikro ölçek). Sistemin ölçebildiği değişkenler:
i) toprak erozyonu/çökelmesi (taban seviyesi değişiklikleri), ii)toprak nemi,
iii) toprak sıcaklığı, iv)yağış ve v)hava sıcaklığıdır. Son olarak, geniş
alanlar (makro ölçek) için toprak erozyonunu azaltmaya imkan veren bir Entegre
Bilgi sistemi (I2S) geliştirildi.

Önemli Vurgular:
Yunanistan’da
devlet kuruluşlarının sürdürülebilir, etkili ve düşük maliyetli olarak toprak
erozyonunu hafifletmede başarılı olabilmeleri için yararlanabilecekleri yeni
araçlar (ASEMS and I2S) ve GIS’de calibre edilmiş bir eşitlik geliştirildi. Bu
araçlar Akdeniz’in diğer bölgeleri için de uygulanabilir durumdadır. 

Keywords

Ultrasonik Sensör, Entegre Bilgi Sistemi, Erozyon modelleri, Erozyon Risk Haritaları, İklim Değişikliği

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