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                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>katre</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Katre Uluslararası İnsan Araştırmaları Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2146-8117</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2148-6220</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>İstanbul İlim ve Kültür Vakfı</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Comparative Religious Studies</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Karşılaştırmalı Dini Araştırmalar</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>The Concept of Tawḥīd (Oneness of Allah) as Reflected in the Risale-i Nur</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>Risale-i Nur&#039;da Yansıyan Tevhid (Allah&#039;ın Birliği) Kavramı</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9991-0204</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Mahmud</surname>
                                    <given-names>Md Abdullah Al</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>University of Dhaka</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20231222">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>22</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>8</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>41</fpage>
                                        <lpage>59</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20231106">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>06</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20231211">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>11</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, Katre Uluslararası İnsan Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Katre Uluslararası İnsan Araştırmaları Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>During the last phase of Ottoman rule, modern-educated graduates gradually began being proud of their education and started undermining traditional religious education systems as being useless and unproductive. Some intellectuals, litterateurs, medical doctors, military trainers, and college teachers had promulgated agnostic and secular worldviews among the youth in the classrooms and public. Consequently, young Turks who graduated from the public education system became secular-minded, agnostic, and, sometimes, even heretics in their thinking, writings, and practices. Moreover, during the reign (1923-1938) of Mustafa Kemal (1881-1938), secular ideology and worldview were imported from the North (the Soviet Union) and the West (Europe) in the name of progress and modernity. The secular ideology and worldview deceived the young generation in the name of modernization, injecting doubts in their tender minds about the existence of Allah, the Prophet, the Qur’an, and life after death (Akhirah). Given this circumstance, Bediuzzaman Said Nursi’s (1877-1960) (henceforth Nursi) discourses on Tawḥīd were the endeavors to resist all the propaganda against the fundamental principles embodying the Oneness of Allah that holds profound significance within Islamic theology. Furthermore, Nursi’s concept of Tawḥīd was an antidote to godlessness both in the last phase of the Ottoman Era and in the Republican Era.Using Nursi’s arguments, this study intends to elucidate the topic of the existence of Allah theoretically based on the Qur’an and Sunnah, practically based on the living examples of life and the universe, and philosophically based on the concept of Tawḥīd as reflected in the Risale-i Nur ((henceforth the Risale). The paper also argues that Nursi’s discourse on Tawḥīd and other faith-related issues like prophethood (Nubuwwah) and life after death destabilizes disbelief and doubt from the mind of the Risale readers and strengthens firm conviction in the minds of people of Turkey in particular and the world in general. Thus, Nursi’s discourse on Tawḥīd works as a strong shield against disbelief, secular mindset, and atheistic currents in the present world. In this regard, this paper emphasizes the following issues: (1) the concept of the Oneness of God (Tawḥīd), (2) the Qur’an and the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as proofs of God’s existence, (3) belief (imān ) that necessitates Divine Unity (Tawḥīd), (4) impossibility of God’s non-existence, (5) creation and governance of the Universe, (6) proofs of Tawḥīd in the Risale and, finally, (7) Nursi’s special contribution to the discourse on Tawḥīd. Thus, the research endeavors to explore and explicate the multifaceted dimensions of Tawḥīd as portrayed in the corpus of the Risale through employing a qualitative content analysis approach. To do this, this study aims to unravel the intricate theological, philosophical, and spiritual elucidations within Nursi&#039;s writings concerning Tawḥīd. The methodology of this research involves a meticulous data collection procedure, commencing with identifying and selecting pertinent passages and chapters from the Risale that (in)directly address the concept of Tawḥīd. Employing purposive sampling, these selections encapsulate diverse thematic dimensions, ensuring a comprehensive representation of the manifold facets of Tawḥīd within the Nursi&#039;s thought. Thus, the methodology of this research integrates qualitative content analysis, textual interpretation, and hermeneutic inquiry. Thematic coding of the extracted passages enables the identification of recurring motifs, underlying themes, and nuanced articulations concerning Tawḥīd. Such an analysis involves a deep exploration of linguistic nuances, historical contexts, and philosophical underpinnings embedded within the texts. Furthermore, the study contextualizes Nursi&#039;s perspectives on Tawḥīd within established Islamic theological frameworks, acknowledging both their alignment with traditional theological discourse and their potential contributions or deviations. Comparative analyses within the Risale help discern diverse presentations and interpretations of Tawḥīd, contributing to a nuanced understanding of Nursi&#039;s unique theological insights. The findings of this research reveal a rich tapestry of insights into the concept of Tawḥīd within the Risale. Nursi&#039;s elucidations transcend mere theological delineations, encompassing the implications of Tawḥīd regarding individual spiritual development, societal harmony, and broader Islamic theological landscapes. Thus, this article contributes to a comprehensive exploration of Tawḥīd within the Risale, augmenting the scholarly discourse on Islamic theology. The insights gleaned from this study serve to deepen our understanding of Tawḥīd&#039;s significance within Islamic thought and spirituality, offering valuable perspectives of Tawḥīd in the contemporary world.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Osmanlı yönetiminin son döneminde, modern eğitim almış mezunlar yavaş yavaş aldıkları eğitimle gurur duymaya başlamış ve geleneksel dini eğitim sistemlerini yararsız ve verimsiz oldukları gerekçesiyle baltalamaya başlamışlardır. Bazı aydınlar, edebiyatçılar, tıp doktorları, askeri eğitmenler ve üniversite öğretmenleri, sınıflarda ve halk arasında gençler arasında agnostik ve seküler dünya görüşlerini yaymışlardır. Sonuç olarak, kamu eğitim sisteminden mezun olan genç Türkler, düşüncelerinde, yazılarında ve uygulamalarında seküler fikirli, agnostik ve hatta bazen sapkın oldular. Dahası, Mustafa Kemal (1881-1938) döneminde (1923-1938) ilerleme ve modernlik adına Kuzey&#039;den (Sovyetler Birliği) ve Batı&#039;dan (Avrupa) seküler ideoloji ve dünya görüşü ithal edilmiştir. Seküler ideoloji ve dünya görüşü, modernleşme adına genç nesli aldatmış ve onların körpe zihinlerine Allah&#039;ın, Peygamberin, Kur&#039;an&#039;ın ve ölümden sonraki hayatın (Ahiret) varlığı hakkında şüpheler enjekte etmiştir. Bu durum karşısında, Bediüzzaman Said Nursi&#039;nin (1877-1960) (bundan böyle Nursi olarak anılacaktır) tevhid hakkındaki söylemleri, İslam teolojisinde derin bir öneme sahip olan Allah&#039;ın Birliğini somutlaştıran temel ilkelere karşı yapılan tüm propagandalara direnme çabasıdır. Dahası, Nursi&#039;nin tevhit kavramı hem Osmanlı&#039;nın son döneminde hem de Cumhuriyet döneminde dinsizliğe karşı bir panzehir olmuştur.Bu çalışma, Nursi&#039;nin argümanlarını kullanarak, Allah&#039;ın varlığı konusunu teorik olarak Kur&#039;an ve Sünnet&#039;e, pratik olarak hayatın ve evrenin canlı örneklerine ve felsefi olarak Risale-i Nur&#039;da yansıtıldığı şekliyle Tevhit kavramına dayanarak aydınlatmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu makale ayrıca, Nursi&#039;nin tevhit ve nübüvvet ve ölümden sonraki hayat gibi imanla ilgili diğer konulardaki söyleminin, Risale okuyucularının zihnindeki inançsızlık ve şüpheyi istikrarsızlaştırdığını ve özelde Türkiye ve genelde dünya insanlarının zihnindeki kesin inancı güçlendirdiğini savunmaktadır. Dolayısıyla Nursi&#039;nin tevhid söylemi, günümüz dünyasındaki inançsızlığa, seküler zihniyete ve ateist akımlara karşı güçlü bir kalkan işlevi görmektedir. Bu bağlamda, bu makale aşağıdaki hususları vurgulamaktadır: (1) Allah&#039;ın Birliği (Tevhîd) kavramı, (2) Allah&#039;ın varlığının delilleri olarak Kur&#039;an ve Peygamber Muhammed (s.a.v.), (3) İlahi Birliği (Tevhîd) gerektiren inanç (imân), (4) Allah&#039;ın yokluğunun imkânsızlığı, (5) Evrenin yaratılışı ve idaresi, (6) Risale&#039;de tevhidin delilleri ve son olarak (7) Nursi&#039;nin tevhid söylemine özel katkısı. Dolayısıyla araştırma, nitel bir içerik analizi yaklaşımı kullanarak Risale külliyatında tasvir edildiği şekliyle tevhidin çok yönlü boyutlarını keşfetmeye ve açıklamaya çalışmaktadır. Bunu yapmak için, bu çalışma Nursi&#039;nin tevhide ilişkin yazılarındaki karmaşık teolojik, felsefi ve manevi açıklamaları ortaya çıkarmayı amaçlamaktadır.Bu araştırmanın metodolojisi, Risale&#039;den tevhit kavramını (doğrudan) ele alan ilgili pasaj ve bölümlerin tespit edilip seçilmesiyle başlayan titiz bir veri toplama prosedürünü içermektedir. Amaçlı örneklem kullanılarak yapılan bu seçimler, Nursi&#039;nin düşüncesinde tevhidin çok yönlü yönlerinin kapsamlı bir temsilini sağlayarak çeşitli tematik boyutları kapsamaktadır. Dolayısıyla, bu araştırmanın metodolojisi nitel içerik analizi, metinsel yorumlama ve hermeneutik sorgulamayı bütünleştirmektedir. Çıkarılan pasajların tematik kodlaması, tekrar eden motiflerin, altta yatan temaların ve tevhide ilişkin nüanslı ifadelerin tanımlanmasını sağlar. Bu tür bir analiz, metinlerde yer alan dilsel nüansların, tarihsel bağlamların ve felsefi temellerin derinlemesine araştırılmasını içermektedir. Ayrıca çalışma, Nursi&#039;nin tevhide ilişkin bakış açılarını, hem geleneksel kelam söylemiyle uyumlarını hem de potansiyel katkılarını veya sapmalarını kabul ederek, yerleşik İslami kelam çerçeveleri içinde bağlamsallaştırmaktadır. Risale içindeki karşılaştırmalı analizler, tevhidin farklı sunumlarını ve yorumlarını ayırt etmeye yardımcı olarak Nursi&#039;nin eşsiz teolojik anlayışlarının incelikli bir şekilde anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunur.Bu araştırmanın bulguları, Risale&#039;deki tevhit kavramına ilişkin zengin bir içgörü dokusunu ortaya koymaktadır. Nursi&#039;nin açıklamaları, tevhidin bireysel manevi gelişim, toplumsal uyum ve daha geniş İslami teolojik manzaralarla ilgili çıkarımlarını kapsayarak salt teolojik tanımlamaların ötesine geçmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu makale, Risale&#039;de tevhidin kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmesine katkıda bulunarak İslam kelamına dair bilimsel söylemi zenginleştirmektedir. Bu çalışmadan elde edilen içgörüler, Tevhîd&#039;in İslam düşüncesi ve maneviyatı içindeki önemine dair anlayışımızı derinleştirmeye hizmet etmekte ve çağdaş dünyada Tevhîd&#039;e dair değerli perspektifler sunmaktadır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Tawhid</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Said Nursi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Risale-i Nur</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  the Prophet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  iman (belief)</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Tevhîd</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Said Nursi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Risale-i Nur</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  İmân</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sekülerizm</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ateizm</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Nübüvvet</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                        <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">University of Dhaka, Bagladesh</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>My first article fro Katre Journal.</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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