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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>kaygı</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2645-8950</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>19th Century Philosophy</subject>
                                                            <subject>Ancient Philosophy</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>19. Yüzyıl Felsefesi</subject>
                                                            <subject>Eskiçağ Felsefesi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Homerik Psukhē’den Platoncu Düalizme: Nietzsche’nin Aynasında Modern Öznenin Kökeni</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>From Homeric Psychē to Platonic Dualism: The Origins of the Modern Subject through Nietzsche’s Mirror</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8604-7851</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Seferoğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Tonguç</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ARDAHAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ARDAHAN İNSANİ BİLİMLER VE EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-9559</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kaçar</surname>
                                    <given-names>Erman</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>ARDAHAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ARDAHAN İNSANİ BİLİMLER VE EDEBİYAT FAKÜLTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20250930">
                    <day>09</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>24</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>599</fpage>
                                        <lpage>629</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250402">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>02</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20250609">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>09</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2002, Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2002</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Kaygı. Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Felsefe Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Antik Çağ Yunan dünyasındaki ruh anlayışının Homeros’tan başlayıp Platon ve sonrasına kadar uzanan süreçte geçirdiği evreler felsefe tarihinin klasik meselelerinden biridir. Pek çok çalışma Platon’la birlikte Antik Çağ Yunan ruh anlayışında köklü bir dönüşüm yaşandığını ve bu dönüşümün etkilerinin Platon sonrası ortaya çıkan neredeyse bütün felsefe sistemlerini derinden etkilediğini göstermiştir. Bu bağlamda makalemizin amacı Homerik dünya görüşü ve Platoncu felsefenin karşıtlığını, Nietzsche’nin gözünden incelemek olacaktır. Bunu başarmak için ilk olarak Dodds-Snell tezi üzerinden Homeros’un İlayda epik şiirindeki ruh anlayışı incelenecektir. Dodds (1951) ve Snell (1953) Homeros’ta karşımıza çıkan ruh anlayışı üzerine yaptıkları çalışmalarda, psukhē’nin “canlı olmak” anlamına geldiğini göstermişler ve Platoncu psikolojideki anlamının aksine ruhu veya ruhun bir parçasını ne salt bilişsel ne de salt duyumsal olarak tanımlayan bir kavram bulunmadığını ortaya koymuşlardır. Daha sonra, Homerik dünyadan Platoncu düalizme geçişi anlamak için, Homeros ile Platon’un ruh anlayışındaki farklılıklar temel alınarak incelenecektir. Bulgularımız Homeros’ta psişik bir bütünlükten ve ruh-beden ayrımından bahsedemeyeceğimizi, Platon’un ise ruh-beden arasında ontolojik bir ayrım yaptığını ve ruhu kişi ile özdeşleştirdiğini göstermiştir. Tüm bunlardan hareketle, Nietzsche’nin Homerik ruh anlayışı ve Yunanlıların trajik çağında beden algısı üzerinden, Sokratesçi felsefe ve Platoncu psikolojiye yönelik eleştirilerinin geçerliliği sorgulanacaktır. Zira Nietzsche, Platon’un bedeni hor görmek suretiyle ruhu yücelterek trajik çağın kültürünün decadence’a, felsefenin ise adım adım nihilizme sürüklenmesine sebep olduğunu iddia etmektedir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>The conception of the soul in the ancient Greek world, from Homer to Plato and beyond, is a classic problem in the history of philosophy. Numerous studies have documented the radical transformation of the ancient Greek understanding of the soul, a shift that profoundly influenced nearly all philosophical systems that emerged after Plato. In this context, this paper seeks to offer a comparative analysis of the Homeric worldview and Platonic philosophy through the lens of Nietzsche. To this end, the fundamental characteristics of the soul as depicted in Homer’s Iliad will first be examined in light of the Dodds-Snell thesis. The works of Dodds (1951) and Snell (1953) on Homeric theories of the soul demonstrate that, in Homer, psychē is primarily associated with the notion of being alive. Unlike Plato’s psychology, neither psychē nor other quasi-psychological terms in Homer had been used to refer to the soul carry purely cognitive or emotional connotations. Next this paper analyzes the transformation of the conception of the soul by comparing Homer’s and Plato’s perspectives. The findings reveal that Homer’s worldview lacks an awareness of a unified psychic whole or a soul-self identity whereas Plato qualitatively separates the soul from the body and identifies the self with the soul. Finally, Nietzsche’s critique of Socratic philosophy and Platonic psychology is explored in connection with his Homeric conception of the soul and his understanding of the body during the tragic age of the Greeks. Nietzsche argues that Plato’s denigration of the body and elevation of the soul contributed to the decline of the culture of the tragic age and led philosophy toward nihilism and decadence.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Homeros</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Platon</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Psykhe</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Düalizm</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Nietzsche</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Homer</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Plato</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Psyche</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Dualism</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Nietzsche</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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