<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>karya j health sci</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Karya Journal of Health Science</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2717-9540</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Kılıçhan BAYAR</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.52831/kjhs.1790202</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Paediatrics (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>CHILD EXPOSURE TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE (CEDV) SCALE TURKISH VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>ÇOCUKLARIN AİLE İÇİ ŞİDDETE MARUZ KALMA ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇE GEÇERLİLİK VE GÜVENİLİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2494-3671</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Avan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Hakan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>KAHRAMANMARAŞ SÜTÇÜ İMAM ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7493-6149</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Vural</surname>
                                    <given-names>Birgül</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>TOKAT GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TOKAT SAĞLIK YÜKSEKOKULU</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5671-6444</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Söyünmez</surname>
                                    <given-names>Selin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>AHİ EVRAN ÜNİVERSİTESİ, SAĞLIK YÜKSEKOKULU</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6376-2171</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Demir Acar</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mukaddes</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>TOKAT GAZİOSMANPAŞA ÜNİVERSİTESİ, TOKAT SAĞLIK YÜKSEKOKULU</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260428">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>28</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>7</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>14</fpage>
                                        <lpage>20</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250924">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20251223">
                        <day>12</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2020, Karya Journal of Health Science</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2020</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Karya Journal of Health Science</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Objective: Child neglect and abuse negatively affect children’s physical, mental, and social development, often persisting into adulthood. This study aimed to test the Turkish validity and reliability of the Child Exposure to Domestic Violence (CEDV) Scale. Method: This methodological study included children aged 10–16 attending schools under the Tokat Provincial Directorate of National Education (June 2020-January 2022). For the 33-item scale, a minimum of 330 participants was required; 368 children participated in the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and 326 different children in the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data were collected using the Child and Parent Descriptive Characteristics Form and the CEDV Scale. Seven linguists conducted the language validity study, and twelve experts assessed content validity. Following translation and cultural adaptation, EFA and CFA were applied. Analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24.0. Scale validity and reliability were assessed with Cronbach’s alpha, Tukey’s summability test, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Bartlett’s test, principal component analysis, and test–retest method. Necessary permissions and ethics approvals were obtained.Results: Expert evaluations confirmed item relevance (CVR=0.66–1.00; CGI=0.73–0.95). KMO values (0.884, 0.846, 0.764) and Bartlett’s test (p</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Amaç: Çocuk ihmali ve istismarı, çocukların fiziksel, ruhsal ve sosyal gelişimini olumsuz etkileyerek çoğu zaman yetişkinliğe kadar devam eden sorunlara yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Çocukların Aile İçi Şiddete Maruz Kalma (ÇAŞMK) Ölçeği’nin Türkçe geçerlik ve güvenirliğini test etmeyi amaçladı. Yöntem: Bu metodolojik çalışma, Tokat İl Milli Eğitim Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı okullarda öğrenim gören 10-16 yaş arası çocukları kapsadı (Haziran 2020-Ocak 2022). Otuz üç maddelik ölçek için en az 330 katılımcı gerekli görüldü; 368 çocuk Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi (AFA), 326 farklı çocuk ise Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizi (DFA) için çalışmaya dahil edildi. Veriler, Çocuk ve Ebeveyn Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu ile ÇAŞMK Ölçeği kullanılarak toplandı. Dil geçerliği için yedi dilbilimci çalışmaya katıldı, içerik geçerliği ise oniki uzman tarafından değerlendirildi. Çeviri ve kültürel uyarlama tamamlandıktan sonra AFA ve DFA uygulandı. Analizler SPSS 25.0 ve AMOS 24.0 yazılımları ile yapıldı. Ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirliği Cronbach alfa katsayısı, Tukey toplama testi, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO), Bartlett testi, temel bileşenler analizi ve test-tekrar test yöntemi ile değerlendirildi. Gerekli izinler ve etik onaylar alındı.Bulgular: Uzman değerlendirmeleri madde geçerliliğini doğruladı (CVR=0.66–1.00; CGI=0.73–0.95). KMO değerleri (0.884; 0.846; 0.764) ve Bartlett testi (p</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Child</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Domestic Violence</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Reliability and Validity</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Nursing</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Pediatric</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>Çocuk</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Aile İçi Şiddet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hemşirelik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Pediatrik</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">World Health Organization [Internet]. 2020. p. 1 Violence against children. Available from: https://www.who.int/health-topics/violence-against-children#tab=tab_2</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gudek Seferoglu E, Sezi̇ci̇ E, Yi̇gi̇t D. Nursing students’ level of the diagnosing symptoms and risks of child abuse and neglect. OPUS JSR. 2019;17(1):257-276.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Moraes CL, Sampaio PF, Reichenheim ME, Veiga GV. The intertwined effect of lack of emotional warmth and child abuse and neglect on common mental disorders in adolescence. Child Abuse Negl. 2018;83(1):74-82.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Caneira L, Myrick KM. Diagnosing child abuse: the role of the nurse practitioner. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners. 2015;11(6):640-646.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cavusoglu H. Pediatric nursing. 13. Press. Ankara: Sistem Ofset Yayıncılık; 2022:19-21.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kostak MA. Nursing and midwifery students’ state of liking of children, effects of paediatrics nursing lesson on the state of liking of children and affecting factors. Cumhuriyet Nursing Journal. 2013;2(2):50-56.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gilbert R, Widom CS, Browne K, Fergusson D, Webb E, Janson S. Child maltreatment 1. burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. Lancet. 2009;373:68-81.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pirdehghan A, Vakili M, Rajabzadeh Y, Puyandehpour M. Child abuse and neglect epidemiology in secondary school students of yazd province, Iran. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci. 2015;9(4):2256-2260.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mahram M, Hosseinkhani Z, Nedjat S, Aflatouni A. Epidemiologic evaluation of child abuse and neglect in school-aged children of qazvin province, Iran. Iran J Pediatr. 2013;23(2):159-164.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lee SJ, Ward KP, Lee JY, Rodriguez CM. Parental social isolation and child maltreatment risk during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Fam Violence. 2021;14(1):1-12.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gosangi B, Park H, Richard T, et al. Exacerbation of physical intimate partner violence during COVID-19 pandemic. Radiology. 2021;298(1):528-545.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kovler ML, Ziegfeld S, Ryan LM, et al. Since January 2020 elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID- 19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company’ s public news and information. Child Abuse Negl. 2021;116:1-7.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sidpra J, Abomeli D, Hameed B, Baker J, Mankad K. Rise in the incidence of abusive head trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. Arch Dis Child. 2021;106(3):e14-e14.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tar E, Çetintaş B, Atik D. Child Abuse During the COVID-19 Pandemic. GUJHS. 2022;11(1):371-378.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Turkish Statistical Institute. Statistics on children, 2024 (Publication No. 4772). Ankara: Turkish Statistical Institute; 2025.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bakir E, Kapucu S. Reflection of child neglect and abuse to researches in Turkey: a literature review. Journal of Hacettepe University Faculty of Nursing. 2017;4(2):13-24.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Polat Kulcu D, Karatas H. Examination of the pediatric nurses’ knowledge about child abuse and neglect. Journal of Ege University Nursing Faculty. 2016;32(1):48-58.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Jeong Y, Jang SY, Song MK, Kum DJ, Park SE, Bang KS. Child abuse awareness and reporting intention among nursing and education students. J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Educ. 2019;25(2):216-226.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lee HM, Kim JS. Predictors of intention of reporting child abuse among emergency nurses. J Pediatr Nurs. 2018;38(1):47-52.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Edleson JL, Shin N, Johnson Armendariz KK. Measuring children’s exposure to domestic violence: The development and testing of the Child Exposure to Domestic Violence (CEDV) Scale. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2008;30(5):502-521.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Söderbäck M, Coyne I, Harder M. The İmportance of including both a child perspective and the child’s perspective within health care settings to provide truly child-centred care. J Child Health Care. 2011;15(2):99-106.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alpar R. Applied statistics and validity-reliability: with examples from sports, health, and educational sciences. Revised Edition. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık; 2020.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sönmez V, Alacapınar FG. Scientific research methods with examples. 5th Edition. Sönmez V, Alacapınar FG, editors. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık; 2017: 508.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using multivariate statistics. 6th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon; 2013.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pallant J. SPSS User Guide. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık; 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karakoç A, Dönmez L. Basic Principles in Scale Development. World of Medical Education. 2014;13(40):39-49.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Türkoğlu N, Kılıç D. A Validity and reliability Study of the Turkish version of the hypertension self-efficacy scale. Turk J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2021;12(29):190-195.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
