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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>klujfeas</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2146-3417</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2587-2052</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Kırklareli Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.53306/klujfeas.1057837</article-id>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Commodity Diversification in Export and Concentration Analysis: A Case Study of Russia (2001-2020)</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>İhracatta Ürün Çeşitlendirme ve Yoğunlaşma Analizi:  Rusya Örneği (2001-2020)</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8241-739X</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Şahin</surname>
                                    <given-names>Suna</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İstanbul Yeni Yüzyıl Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çukuryurt</surname>
                                    <given-names>Yakup</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20220327">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>27</month>
                    <year>2022</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>11</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>26</fpage>
                                        <lpage>51</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20220114">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>14</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20220316">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>16</month>
                        <year>2022</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012, Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Kırklareli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Countries support their targets within the scope of increasing product diversity in foreign trade with various policies and regulations. Concentration rates, which can be considered an important indicator in foreign trade analysis within the scope of export diversification, are important for the economic performance of countries. In this study, the size of the product concentration degree in exports for Russia in the 2001-2020 period and its relationship with the selected variables were investigated by using the Concentration Ratio (CR) and Gini-Hirschman index (GH) methods, which are the most preferred in applied studies. In the findings, except 2020 it was seen CR4 and CR8 values that Russia has a highly concentrated export portfolio in the last 20 years. The GH index for Russia,  has a concentration graph that increases in the first 10 years in line with the CR4 and CR8 indexes and then decreases relatively. In addition, the relationship between the obtained dependent variables CR4, CR8, GH and the population, exchange rate, direct investments and trade openness values that gave statistically significant results from the set of independent variables consistent with the literature were examined by linear regression. While the results are in line with the expectations for population, exchange rate, and direct investments, results depending on the economic characteristics of Russia were obtained for the trade openness variable.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Dış ticarette çeşitliliğin zaman içinde artması ülkelerin temel hedefleri arasındadır. Ülkeler bu kapsamdaki hedeflerini çeşitli politikalar ve regülasyonlar ile desteklemektedir. Dış ticareti gelişmiş olan ülkelerin ihracat çeşitlendirme seviyeleri de genellikle yüksektir. İhracat çeşitlendirmesi farklı biçimlerde, boyutlarda ve düzeylerde analiz edilebilir. Dış ticaret analizlerinde önemli bir gösterge sayılabilecek yoğunlaşma oranları, ülkelerin ekonomik performansı açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, uygulamalı çalışmalarda daha çok kullanılan Yoğunlaşma Oranı (CR) ve Gini-Hirschman indeksi (GH) yöntemleri tercih edilerek 2001-2020 döneminde Rusya ihracatındaki ürün yoğunlaşma derecesinin büyüklüğü ve bunun seçilen değişkenlerle ilişkisi araştırılmış, kullanılan veriler Dünya Bankası ve Uluslararası Ticaret Merkezi istatistiklerinden elde edilmiştir. Sonuçlarda Rusya’nın CR4 değerinde 2020 yılı hariç çok yüksek yoğunlaşma olduğu ve CR8 değerinde de son 20 yılda yüksek yoğunlaşan bir ihracat portföyüne sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Rusya’nın GH endeksi ise CR4 ve CR8 endeksiyle uyumlu şekilde ilk 10 yılda artan sonrasında göreceli olarak azalan bir yoğunlaşma grafiğine sahiptir.  Ayrıca elde edilen CR4, CR8 ve GH bağımlı değişkenleri ile, literatürle uyumlu bağımsız değişkenler kümesi içerisinden, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı sonuçlar veren popülasyon, döviz kuru, doğrudan yatırımlar ve ticari açıklık değerleri arasındaki ilişki lineer regresyon ile incelenmiştir.  Sonuçlarda popülasyon, döviz kuru, doğrudan yatırımlar beklentilerle uyumlu olurken, ticari açıklık değişkeni için Rusya’nın ekonomik karakteristiğine bağlı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>ihracatta çeşitlendirme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  ihracat yoğunlaşması</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  uluslararası ticaret</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  küreselleşme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Rusya</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  regülasyon</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>diversification in export</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  commodity concentration</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  international trade</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  globalization</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Russia</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  regulation</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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