<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article         dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ktd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">3061-9904</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Muş İlinde Tekrarlayan Gebelik Kayıpları İle Mthfr C677t ve A1298c ve Pai-1 4g/5g Polimorfizmleri Arasındaki İlişki ve Alel rekansları</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Muş İlinde Tekrarlayan Gebelik Kayıpları İle Mthfr C677t ve A1298c ve Pai-1 4g/5g Polimorfizmleri Arasındaki İlişki ve Alel rekansları</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Bayram</surname>
                                    <given-names>Banu</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kılıççı</surname>
                                    <given-names>Çetin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Bozarı</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sedat</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Önlü</surname>
                                    <given-names>Harun</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Şahin</surname>
                                    <given-names>Fezan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20110801">
                    <day>08</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2011</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>12</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>61</fpage>
                                        <lpage>67</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20150508">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>08</month>
                        <year>2015</year>
                    </date>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1999, Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1999</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>Amaç: Bu çalışmada plazminojen aktivator inhibitör tip1 geni 4G/5G ile metilentetrahidrofolat redüktaz geni C677T ve A1298C polimorfizmlerinin Muş ilinde tekrarlayan gebelik kayıpları ile arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi ve alel frekanslarının saptanması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Genomik DNA tekrarlayan gebelik kayıpları olan 34 hasta ve 34 sağlıklı kontrolün kan örneklerinden izole edilmiştir. DNA PAI-1 geni 4G/5G polimorfizmi için 4G ve 5G spesifik primerler ile amplifiye edilerek, MTHFR geni C677T ve A1298C polimorfizmleri için PCR-RFLP yöntemi uygulanarak agaroz jel elektroforezinde UV transillüminatör ile değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Hasta ve kontrol grupları arasında PAI-1 geni 4G/5G ve MTHFR geni C677T ve A1298C polimorfizmleri alel frekansları açısından anlamlı bir fark saptanmamıştır. Genotip dağılımı açısından bakıldığında ise PAI-1 geni 4G/5G ve MTHFR geni A1298C polimorfizmleri hasta ve kontrol grupları arasında farklılık göstermemiştir. MTHFR geni 677 homozigot mutantlığı (TT) ise sadece hasta grubunda, heterozigot mutantlık (CT) ise sadece kontrol grubunda tespit edilmiş olmasına ve istatistiksel açıdan da anlamlı bir farklılık göstermesine rağmen tekrarlayan gebelik kayıplarının ortaya çıkmasında bir role sahip olarak gözükmemektedir. Sonuç: Sonuç olarak Muş ilinde PAI-1 geni 4G/5G ve MTHFR geni A1298C polimorfizmlerinin tekrarlayan gebelik kayıpları için bir risk olmadığını düşünmekteyiz.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Tekrarlayan Gebelik Kayıpları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   MTHFR</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   C677T</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   A1298C</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   PAI-1 4G/5G</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   Polimorfizm</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>-</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Alataş E. Tekrarlayan gebelik kayıplarında tanı ve tedavinin yönlendirilmesi. TJD Uzmanlık Sonrası Eğitim Dergisi, 2004; 6:19-25.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tepeli E, Müslümanoğlu HM, Uludağ A, et al. Eskişehir ilinde idiyopatik tekrarlayan gebelik kayıpları ile metilentetrahidrofolat redüktaz (MTHFR) C677T ve A1298C polimorfizmleri arasındaki ilişki. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi, 2007; 29(1):1- 11.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Oral D, Alp MN, Budak T. Ailesel Resiprokal Translokasyon Olgusu ve Tekrarlayan Düşükler. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 2006; 33(3):182-184.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Balcı A, Yirmibeş M, Bal F, et al. Ailesel Resiprokal Translokasyon Olgusu ve Tekrarlayan Düşükler. Perinatoloji Dergisi, 1996; 4(4):218- 219.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bagos PG. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G and 5,10- methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphisms in polycystic ovary syndrome. Molecular Human Reproduction, 2009; 15(1):19-26.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karadeniz M, Erdoğan M, Berdeli A, et al. 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 gene and ALu-repeat I/D polymorphism of TPA gene in Turkish patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Journal Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 2007; 24:412-418. of</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gökosmanoğlu F, Cinemre H, Bilir C. Habituel abortus nedeniyle takip edilen iki olguda MTHFR defekti. Perinatoloji Dergisi, 2008; 16(1):31- 35.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi, Cilt 12, No:2, Mayıs 2011</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Orio F, Palomba S, Di Biase S, et al. Homocysteine levels and C677T polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism, 2003; 88(2):673-679.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Nelen WL, Blom HJ, Streeers EA, et al. Hyperhomocysteinemia and recurrent early pregnancy loss: a meta analysis. Fertility and Sterility, 2000; 74:1196-9.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sarig G, Younis JS, Hoffman R, Lanir N, Blumenfeld Z, Brenner B. Thrombophilia is common in women with idiopathic pregnancy loss and is associated with late pregnancy wastage. Fertil Steril, 2002 Feb;77(2):342-7.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Quere I, Bellet H, Hoffet M, Janbon C, Mares P, Gris JC. A woman with five consecutive fetal deaths: case report and retrospective analysis of hyperhomocysteinemia prevelance in 100 consecutive women with recurrent miscarriages. Fertil Steril, 1998, 69:152-54.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ghosh K, Shetty S, Vora S. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 4G/5G gene polymorphism in women with fetal loss. International Journal of ;107(2):159-60. 2009</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bucholz T, Lohse N, Rogenhofer N, et al. Polymorphisms in the ACE and PAI-1 genes are associated with recurrent spontaneous miscarriages. Human Reproduction, 2003; 18(11):2473-2477.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Foka ZJ, Lambropoulos AF, Saravelos H, et al. Factor V leiden and prothrombin G20210A mutations, but not methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T, are associated with recurrent miscarriages. Hum Reproduction, 2000 ;15(2):458-62.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Makino A, Nakanishi T, Sugiura- Ogasawara M, et al. No association of C677T methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and an endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism with recurrent pregnancy loss. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 2004 ;52(1):60-6.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dossenbach-Glaninger A, Trotsenburg M, Dossenbach M, et al. Plasminogen activator inhibitor I 4G/5G polymorphism and coagulation factor XIII Val34Leu polymorphism: impaired fibrinolysis and early pregnancy loss. Clinical 2003; 49(7):1081-1086. Chemistry,</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gunes HV, Cosan DT, Ata N, et al. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type- 1 Gene 4G/5G Polymorphism Is Associated with Hypertensive Patients in Turkish Population. Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers, 2010 ; 14(3):303-305.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sazcı A, Ergul E, Kaya G, et al. Genotype and allele frequencies of the polymorphic methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene in Turkey. Cell Biochemistry and Function, 2005 ;23(1):51-4.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kucukarabaci B, Gunes HV, Ozdemir G, et al. Investigation of Association between Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type-1 (PAI-1) Gene 4G/5G Polymorphism Frequency and Plasma PAI-1 Enzyme Activity in Patients with Acute Stroke. Genetic Testing, 2008 ;12(3): 443-451.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cosan D, Kurt E, Kurt H, et al. Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type- 1 (PAI-1) Gene 4G/5G Polymorphism In Patients With Asthma In Turkish Adult Patients With Asthma. Genetic Testing and Molecular Biomarkers, 2009 ;13(4): 543-546.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vettriselvi V, Vijayalakshmi K, Paul SFD, et al. ACE and MTHFR gene polymorphisms in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2008 ; 34(3):301-306.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Carp H, Salomon O, Seidman D, et al. Prevalence of genetic markers for thrombophilia in recurrent pregnancy loss. Human Reproduction, 2002 ;17(6):1633-1637.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kim NK, Choi YK, Kang MS, et al. Influence of combined methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) and thymidylate synthase enhancer region (TSER) polymorphisms to plasma homocysteine levels in Korean patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Thrombosis Research, 2006 ; 117:653- 58.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lissak A, Sharon A, Fruchter O, et al. Polymorphism for mutation of cytosine to thymine at location 677 in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene is associated with recurrent early fetal loss. American Journal of Obstetrics &amp; Gynecology, 1999 ;181(1):126-30.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rey E, Kahn SR, David M, et al. Trombophilic disorders and fetal loss: a meta-analysis. Lancet, 2003 ;361:901-908.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ren A, Wang J. Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T polymorphism and the risk of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: a meta-analysis. Fertility and Sterility, 2006 ;86(6):1716-22.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hohlagschwandtner M, Unfried G, Heinze G, et al. Combined thrombophilic polymorphisms in women with idiopathic recurrent miscarriage. Fertility and Sterility, 2003 ;79(5):1141-8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Goodman CS, Coulam CB, Jeyendran RS, et al. Which thrombophilic gene mutations are risk factors for recurrent pregnancy loss? American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 2006 ;56(4):230-6.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Coulam CB, Jeyendran RS, Fishel LA, et al. Multiple thrombophilic gene mutations rather than specific gene mutations are risk factors for recurrent miscarriage. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology, 2006 ;55(5):360-8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
