<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article         dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ktd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">3061-9904</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Afyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                                                                                                                                            <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Çocuklarda Penis Cerrahisinde Dorsal Penis Sinir Bloğu İle Tek Doz Kaudal Epidural Bloğun Postoperatif Analjezik Etkinliğinin Karşılaştırılması</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Çocuklarda Penis Cerrahisinde Dorsal Penis Sinir Bloğu İle Tek Doz Kaudal Epidural Bloğun Postoperatif Analjezik Etkinliğinin Karşılaştırılması</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Demiraran</surname>
                                    <given-names>Yavuz</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Akman</surname>
                                    <given-names>Yavuz</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>İlçe</surname>
                                    <given-names>Zekeriya</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Çam</surname>
                                    <given-names>Kamil</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname></surname>
                                    <given-names>Ali Erol</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20051201">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>01</month>
                    <year>2005</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>6</volume>
                                        <issue>3</issue>
                                        <fpage>47</fpage>
                                        <lpage>52</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20150508">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>08</month>
                        <year>2015</year>
                    </date>
                                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1999, Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1999</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Kocatepe Tıp Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>Amaç: Pediatrik pratikte rejiyonal anestezi kullanımında gittikçe artan bir yaklaşım vardır. Bu randomize çalışma tek doz epidural blok ile dorsal penis sinir bloğunun (DPSB) pediatrik penis cerrahide postoperatif analjezi için kullanıldığında, güvenliği ve etkinliğinin karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Yöntem: Çalışmaya 5–14 yaşları arasında, penis operasyonu yapılan 60 çocuk dahil edildi. Tüm çocuklar propofol, fentanil, sevofluran ve oksijen içinde %50 N2O kullanarak standart genel anestezi verildi. Bupivakain (%0.25) (0/2 ml/kg) hem kaudal epidural blok hemde DPSB için kullanıldı. Postoperatif 24 saat boyunca hastaların ağrı skorları ve sedasyon seviyeleri takip edildi. İlk analjezi gereksinim zamanları kaydedildi. Modifiye Objektif Ağrı Skalasına göre ağrı skoru 3 ya da daha az olan hastaların analjezik ihtiyacı olduğu kabul edildi ve oral yada suppozituvar olarak 20 mg/kgasetoaminofen ile tedavi edildi. Bulgular: Postoperatif dönemde ağrı skorları, sedasyon düzeyleri ve analjezik gereksinimleri her iki grupta da benzer bulundu. Motor bloğun uzaması ve parestezi iki gurupta da gözlenmedi. Sonuç: Tek doz kaudal epidural blok ile DPSB penis cerrahisini takiben, postoperatif analjezik özellikleri bakımından güvenli ve etkin yöntemlerdir. Her iki teknik de penis cerrahisi geçiren çocuklarda postoperatif analjezi için elverişli alternatifler olarak kabul edilebilir</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Dorsal penil blok</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   tek doz kaudal epidural blok</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>   postoperatif analjezi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>-</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bösenberg AT, Thomas J, Lopez T, Huledal G, Jeppsson L, Larsson LE. Plasma concentrations of ropivacaine following a single-shot caudal block of 1, 2 or 3 mg/kg in children. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand, 2001; 45: 127–1279.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Semsroth M, Gabriel A, Sauberer A, Wuppinger G. Regional anesthetic procedures in pediatric anesthesia. Anaesthesist, 1994; 43: 55-72.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Martinez-Telleria A, Cano Serrano ME, Martinez- Telleria MJ, Castejon Casado J. Analysis of regional anesthetic efficacy in pediatric postoperative pain. Cir Pediatr, 1997; 10: 18–20.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Giaufré E, Dalens B, Gombert A. Epidemiology and morbidity of regional anesthesia in children: a one- year prospective survey of the French-Language society of Pediatric Anesthesiologists. Anesth. Analg, 1996; 83: 904-912.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bramwell RGB, Bullen C, Radford P. Caudal block for postoperative analgesia in children. Anesthesia, 1982; 37: 1024–1028.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Merguerian PA, Sutters KA, Tang E, Kaji D, Chang B. Efficacy of continuous epidural analgesia versus single dose caudal analgesia in children after intravesical ureteroneocystostomy. J Urol, 2004; 172: 1621–1625.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Demiraran Y, Kocaman B, Akman RY. A Comparison of the postoperative analgesic efficacy of single dose epidural tramadol versus morphine in Children. Br J Anaesth, 2005; 95, 510–513.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Serour F, Gunnar MR, Taylor RH. Dorsal penile nerve block in children undergoing circumcision in a day-care surgery. Can J Anesth, 1996; 43: 954-958.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chhibber AK, Perkins FM, Rabinowitz R, Vogt AW, Hulbet WC. Penile block: timing for postoperative analgesia of hypospadias repair in children. J Urol, 1997; 158: 56–59.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wilson GA, Doyle E. Validation of three pediatric pain scores for use by parents. Anesthesia, 1996; 51: 1005-1007.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Walco GA, Cassidy RC, Shechter NL. Pain, hurt and harm-the ethics of pain control in infants and children. N Engl J Med, 1994; 331: 541–544.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ramboataina R, Gassner C, Schoch JP, Tartary D, Robert R, Tuefferd N, Vulliod D, Glele J, Houssier F. Postoperative analgesia for circumcision in children. Agressologie, 1990; 31: 39–42.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Vater M, Wandless J. Caudal or dorsal nerve block? Comparison of two local anesthetic techniques for postoperative analgesia following day-case circumcision. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand, 1985: 29: 175-179.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sfez M, Le Mapihan Y, Mazoit X, Dreux-Boucard H. Local anesthetic serum concentrations after penile nerve block in children. Anesth. Analg, 1990; 71: 423-426.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Stang HJ, Gunnar MR, Snellman L, Condon LM, Kestenbaum R. Local anesthesia for neonatal circumcision. Effects on distress and cortical response. JAMA, 1988; 11: 25–29.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yeoman PM, Cooke R, Hain WR. Penile block for circumcision? A comparison with caudal blockade. Anesthesia, 1983; 38: 862–866.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">White J, Hasmson B, Richmond P, Proctor A, Curran J. Postoperative analgesia for circumcision in children. Br Med. J (Clin Res Ed), 1934; 18: 286.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Weksler N, Attas I, Klein M, Rosenztsveig V, Ovaida L, Gurman GM. Is penil block better than caudal epidural block for postcircumcision analgesia? J Anesth, 2005; 19: 36-39.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Chhibber AK, Perkins FM, Rabinowitz R, Vogt AW, Hulbet WC. Penile block: timing for postoperative analgesia of hypospadias repair in children. J Urol, 1997; 158: 56–59.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cross GD, Barrett RF. Comparison of two regional techniques for postoperative analgesia in children following herniotomy and orchidopexy. Anesthesiology, 1987; 24: 845-859.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hannallah RS, Broadman LM, Abramowitz MD, Epstein BS. Comparison of caudal and ilio- inguinal/iliohypogastric nerve blocks for control of post-orchidopexy pain in pediatric ambulatory surgery. Anesthesiology, 1987; 66: 832–834.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lunn JN. Postoperative analgesia after circumcision. A randomized comparison between caudal analgesia and intramuscular morphine in boy. Anesthesia, 1979; 34: 552-554.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">May AE, Wandless J, James RH. Analgesia for circumcision in children. Acta Anesthesiol Scand, 1982; 26: 331-333.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Murat I, Delleur MM, Esteve C, Egu JF, Raynaud P, Saint-Mauric C. Continuous extradural anesthesia in children: clinical and haemodynamic implications. Br J Anaesth, 1987; 69: 1441–1450.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Delleher AA, Black A, Penman S, Howard R. Comparison of caudal bupivacaine and diamorphine with caudal bupivacaine alone for repair of hypospadias. Br J Anaesth, 1996; 77: 586-590.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Broadman LM, Hannallah RS, Norden JM. “Kiddie Caudals” experience with 1154 consecutive cases without complications. Anesth Analg, 1987; 66: 848–854.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
