AN INVESTIGATION ON UTILIZATION OF DOĞANHİSAR/KONYA CLAYS IN GLAZED PORCELAIN TILE BODIES

Abstract

In this study, technical properties of 3 different clays from Doğanhisar/Konya region were determined to investigate their usage potential in glazed porcelain tile production of Yurtbay Seramik Company. For this purpose, mineralogical, chemical, and thermal characterization of the clays was performed using XRD, XRF, and dilatometric analyses. Furthermore, the use of Konya clays instead of Ukrainian clay in the porcelain tile compositions was studied. Ukrainian clay was substituted gradually by Konya clays in different tile body recipes. Samples, having these new compositions, were prepared by uniaxial pressing, and exposing to a firing regime at 1190 °C for 55 min. Fired samples were then characterized based on their dry strength, fired strength, water absorption, color, and firing shrinkage properties. Experimental results proved that the use of Konya clays instead of Ukrainian clay increased the strength of fired bodies. It would be possible to use Konya clays in tile bodies up to 6 wt.% with some modifications in the body compositions and firing regime.

Keywords

• Ceramic
• Konya Clay
• Tile
• Ukrainian Clay

References

1. F. Bergaya, G. Lagaly, “General introduction: clays, clay minerals, and clay science”, Handbook of Clay Science, vol. 1, pp. 1–18, 2006.
2. G. Krzysztof, “Composition and ceramic properties of ball clays for porcelain stoneware tiles manufacture in Poland”, Applied Clay Science, vol. 51, pp. 74–85, 2011.
3. Z. B. Ozturk, “Microstructural characterization of mullite and anorthite-based porcelain tile using regional clay”, Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, vol. 17, pp. 555-559, 2016.
4. Z. B. Ozturk, “Effect of addition of Avanos’s (Nevsehir) clays on the physical and microstructure properties of ceramic tile”, Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, vol. 53, pp. 101-107, 2017.
5. A. E. Kurt, “Use of Local Clay on behalf of Russian Clay in Granite Production (dissertation in Turkish with an abstract in English)” MSc, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, 2007.
6. M. Tarhan, B. Tarhan, “Investigation of the usage of Afyon Clay in Porcelain Tile Bodies (article in Turkish with an abstract in English)”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, vol. 11, pp. 275-281, 2019.
7. K. Kayacı, “Investigation of the use of Rheological Problemed Clays of Çanakkale Region (TURKEY) in Porcelain Tile Bodies (article in Turkish with an abstract in English)”, Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering, vol. 19, pp. 321-325, 2019.
8. B. Semiz, “Characteristics of clays from Pamukkale (Denizli) region and their usability in ceramic sector (article in Turkish with an abstract in English)”, Pamukkale University Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 24, pp. 1237-1244, 2018.

9. M. Tarhan, “Use of Konya Clay for Porcelain Tile Productions (article in Turkish with an abstract in English)”, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, vol. 11, pp. 705-712, 2019.
10. ME. Avşar, AM Önder, “Investigation of Using Different Take Three Clay Ceramic Primer Making Such from Konya (article in Turkish with an abstract in English)” Kalemişi, vol. 4, pp. 141-166, 2016.
11. K. Köseoğlu, H. Cengizler, L. İ. İsrail, “Production of Wall Tiles Containing Ulexite Waste at Different Sintering Temperatures”, Gümüşhane University Journal of Science and Technology, vol. 10, pp. 463-473, 2020.
12. G. Sarıkaya, B. C. Makkak, “The Usage of Industrial Filter Press Waste in Glazed Porcelain Tile (article in Turkish with an abstract in English)”, Journal of the Turkish Ceramics Society, in press, 2024.
13. Ceramic tiles- Part 3. Determination of water absorption, apparent porosity, apparent relative density, and bulk density, TS EN ISO 10545-3, 2018.
14. M. Kuşçu, Ş. Yıldırımlar, “Investigation of Geological and Economical Properties of Clays Under Ilgın Coal Deposite (Ilgın, Konya) (article in Turkish with an abstract in English)”, Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Sciences and Engineering, vol. 16, pp. 368-383, 2016.
15. C. Zanelli, C. Iglesias, E. Dominguez, D. Gardini, M. Raimondo, G. Guarini, M. Dondi, “Mineralogical composition, and particle size distribution as a key to understand the technological properties of Ukrainian ball clays”, Applied Clay Science, vol. 108, pp. 102-110, 2015.
16. H. Sazcı, “Seramikte Kullanılan Killerin Tanımı (proceeding in Turkish with an abstract in English)”, In: 4th Industrial Raw Materials Symposium, İzmir, Turkey, pp. 28-42, 18-19 October 2001.
17. T. Yeşilkaya, “Improvement of Pyroplastic Behavior and Semi-Finished Strength In Ceramic Sanitary Ware (dissertation in Turkish with an abstract in English)”, MSc, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey, 2019.
18. W. D. Kingery, H. K. Bowen, D. R. Uhlmann, “Introduction to Ceramics”, 2nd ed. New York, NY, USA: Wiley, 1976.
19. C. Zanelli, M. Raimondo, G. Guarini, M. Dondi, “The vitreous phase of porcelain stoneware: Composition, evolution during sintering and physical properties”, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol. 357, pp. 3251-3260, 2011.
20. C. J. McConville, W. E. Lee, “Microstructural Development on Firing Illite and Smectite Clays Compared with that in Kaolinite”, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, vol. 88, pp. 2267–2276, 2005.
21. A. Fluegel, “Glass viscosity calculation based on a global statistical modelling approach”, Glass Technology - European Journal of Glass Science and Technology Part A, vol. 48, pp. 13–30, 2007.
22. T. Aydın, O. Bican, R. Gümrük, “Investigation of wear resistance of the porcelain tile bodies by solid particle impingement using alumina particles”, Journal of the Australian Ceramic Society, vol. 56, pp. 525-531, 2020.
23. Ö. Cengiz, A. Kara, “Effect of alkaline-earth oxides on firing behaviour of monoporosa wall tile bodies”, Journal of Ceramic Processing Research, vol. 19, pp. 189-197, 2018.