ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH IN WHEAT

Abstract

Wheat is the main food source for key nutrients in humans, hence any new research into boosting wheat quality and yield is vital. Recent advances in nanotechnology have made nanoparticles appropriate for use in agriculture. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles have a considerable impact on plants, but further research is required to make them commercially feasible. Herein, we evaluate the impact of TiO2 nanoparticles not only on the germination of seeds but also on the growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) through soil application. The experimental findings reveal that TiO2 treatment at concentrations up to 2000 mg/L in seeds planted in Petri dishes has a favorable effect on wheat root and shoot length, whereas it has a suppressive effect at higher concentrations. As expected, a similar trend is observed for plant shoot length in the soil treatment with beneficial effects recorded up to a dosage of 60 mg/kg. In conclusion, the beneficial effects of TiO2 nanoparticles on seed germination and plant growth may have a big financial impact on horticulture, agriculture, and the energy industry—particularly on the manufacturing of biofuels.

Keywords

• Germination
• Root Length
• Shoot Length
• TiO2 Nanoparticles
• Wheat
• Triticum Aestivum L.

Project Number

Project Number: KMÜ BAP 15-YL-19

References

1. A. Staroń, O. Długosz, J. Pulit-Prociak, and M. Banach, "Analysis of the exposure of organisms to the action of nanomaterials," Materials, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 349, 2020.
2. O. Ates Sonmezoglu and K. Ozkay, "A new organic dye-based staining for the detection of plant DNA in agarose gels," Nucleosides, Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 515-522, 2015.
3. E. Yavuzaslanoglu, M. Karaca, O. A. Sonmezoglu, O. Atilla, H. Elekcioglu, and M. Aydogdu, "Occurrence and abundance of cereal nematodes in Konya and Karaman Provinces in Turkey," Turkish Journal of Entomology, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 223-236, 2020.
4. D. Singh and B. R. Gurjar, "Nanotechnology for agricultural applications: Facts, issues, knowledge gaps, and challenges in environmental risk assessment," Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 322, pp. 116033, 2022.
5. A. Kamo, A. Ozcan, O. A. Sonmezoglu, and S. Sonmezoglu, "Understanding antibacterial disinfection mechanisms of oxide-based photocatalytic materials," Nanocomposite and Nanohybrid Materials: Processing and Applications, vol. 17, pp. 195, 2023.
6. M. T. B. Aghdam, H. Mohammadi, and M. Ghorbanpour, "Effects of nanoparticulate anatase titanium dioxide on physiological and biochemical performance of Linum usitatissimum (Linaceae) under well-watered and drought stress conditions," Brazilian journal of botany, vol. 39, pp. 139-146, 2016.
7. H. Sun et al., "Uptake, transformation, and environmental impact of zinc oxide nanoparticles in a soil-wheat system," Science of The Total Environment, vol. 857, pp. 159307, 2023.
8. V. Kreslavski, A. Ivanov, A. Shmarev, A. Khudyakova, and A. Kosobryukhov, "Influence of iron nanoparticles (Fe3O4 and Fe2O3) on the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant balance of wheat plants (Triticum aestivum)," in BIO Web of Conferences, 2022, vol. 42: EDP Sciences, pp. 01023.

9. A. S. Ibrahim, G. A. Ali, A. Hassanein, A. M. Attia, and E. R. Marzouk, "Toxicity and uptake of CuO nanoparticles: evaluation of an emerging nanofertilizer on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant," Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 9, pp. 4914, 2022.
10. M. S. Khater, "Effect of titanium nanoparticles (TiO2) on growth, yield and chemical constituents of coriander plants," Arab Journal of Nuclear Science and Applications, vol. 48, no. 4, pp. 187-194, 2015.
11. M. Aasim, E. Korkmaz, A. Culu, B. Kahveci, and O. A. Sonmezoglu, "TiO2 nanoparticle synthesis, characterization and application to shoot regeneration of water hyssop (Bacopa monnieri L. Pennel) in vitro," Biotechnic & Histochemistry, vol. 98, no. 1, pp. 29-37, 2023.
12. T. Kaida, K. Kobayashi, M. Adachi, and F. Suzuki, "Optical characteristics of titanium oxide interference film and the film laminated with oxides and their applications for cosmetics," Journal of cosmetic science, vol. 55, no. 2, pp. 219-220, 2004.
13. M. Pourmadadi et al., "TiO2-based nanocomposites for cancer diagnosis and therapy: a comprehensive review," Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology, p. 104370, 2023.
14. S. Sonmezoglu, G. Çankaya, and N. Serin, "Influence of annealing temperature on structural, morphological and optical properties of nanostructured TiO2 thin films," Materials Technology, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 251-256, 2012.
15. O. Ates Sonmezoglu, S. Akın, B. Terzi, S. Mutlu, and S. Sönmezoğlu, "An effective approach for high‐efficiency photoelectrochemical solar cells by using bifunctional DNA molecules modified photoanode," Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 26, no. 47, pp. 8776-8783, 2016.
16. S. Sonmezoglu and S. Akın, "High performance GaAs metal-insulator–semiconductor devices using TiO2 as insulator layer," Current applied physics, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 1372-1377, 2012.
17. E. Akman, S. Akın, G. Karanfil, and S. Sonmezoglu, "Organik güneş pilleri," Trakya Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1-30, 2013.
18. A. Culu, I. C. Kaya, and S. Sonmezoglu, "Spray-pyrolyzed tantalium-doped TiO2 compact electron transport layer for UV-photostable planar perovskite solar cells exceeding 20% efficiency," ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 3454-3462, 2022.
19. F. Yang et al., "The improvement of spinach growth by nano-anatase TiO2 treatment is related to nitrogen photoreduction," Biological trace element research, vol. 119, pp. 77-88, 2007.
20. S. Amini, R. Maali-Amiri, R. Mohammadi, and S.-S. Kazemi-Shahandashti, "cDNA-AFLP analysis of transcripts induced in chickpea plants by TiO2 nanoparticles during cold stress," Plant physiology and biochemistry, vol. 111, pp. 39-49, 2017.
21. I. Badshah et al., "Biogenic titanium dioxide nanoparticles ameliorate the effect of salinity stress in wheat crop," Agronomy, vol. 13, no. 2, p. 352, 2023.
22. J. Faraji and A. Sepehri, "Ameliorative effects of TiO2 nanoparticles and sodium nitroprusside on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat under PEG-stimulated drought stress," Journal of Seed Science, vol. 41, pp. 309-317, 2019.
23. H. Feizi, P. Rezvani Moghaddam, N. Shahtahmassebi, and A. Fotovat, "Impact of bulk and nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) on wheat seed germination and seedling growth," Biological trace element research, vol. 146, pp. 101-106, 2012.
24. J. Faraji, A. Sepehri, and J. C. Salcedo-Reyes, "Titanium dioxide nanoparticles and sodium nitroprusside alleviate the adverse effects of cadmium stress on germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)," Universitas Scientiarum, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 61-87, 2018.
25. Y. Wang et al., "The application of nano-TiO2 photo semiconductors in agriculture," Nanoscale research letters, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2016.
26. L. Kořenková et al., "Physiological response of culture media-grown barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) to titanium oxide nanoparticles," Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B—Soil & Plant Science, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 285-291, 2017.
27. G. Song, Y. Gao, H. Wu, W. Hou, C. Zhang, and H. Ma, "Physiological effect of anatase TiO2 nanoparticles on Lemna minor," Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol. 31, no. 9, pp. 2147-2152, 2012.
28. C. Larue et al., "Accumulation, translocation and impact of TiO2 nanoparticles in wheat (Triticum aestivum spp.): influence of diameter and crystal phase," Science of the total environment, vol. 431, pp. 197-208, 2012.
29. H. Feizi, S. Amirmoradi, F. Abdollahi, and S. J. Pour, "Comparative effects of nanosized and bulk titanium dioxide concentrations on medicinal plant Salvia officinalis L," Annual Research & Review in Biology, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 814-824, 2013.
30. C. Larue et al., "Influence of soil type on TiO2 nanoparticle fate in an agro-ecosystem," Science of the total environment, vol. 630, pp. 609-617, 2018.
31. T. Aliabadi, A. Safipour Afshar, and F. Saeid Nematpour, "The effects of nano TiO2 and Nano aluminium on the growth and some physiological parameters of the wheat (Triticum aestivum)," Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 1627-1635, 2016.
32. R. Rafique, M. Arshad, M. Khokhar, I. Qazi, A. Hamza, and N. Virk, "Growth response of wheat to titania nanoparticles application," NUST Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 42-46, 2014.