SYNTHESIS OF QUASI-SPHERICAL SILVER NANOPARTICLES BY CHEMICAL REDUCTION ROUTE USING DIFFERENT REDUCING AGENTS

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have a great potential for molecular detection applications such as surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) thanks to their surface plasmon resonance (SPR) property. SPR of AgNPs are closely related to the size, size distribution, aggregation state and shape of these particles. Therefore, in order to obtain optimum enhancement of SERS signals, it is crucial to be able to synthesize AgNPs with controllable size and shape. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized by chemical reduction method using three different reducing agents: trisodium citrate (TSC), ascorbic acid (AA) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (HH). The synthesized AgNPs were compared in terms of their particle shape, size, size distribution and aggregation state. Accordingly, using 34 mM TSC as a reducing agent resulted in mostly quasi-spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 71.6  20.9 nm. However, some nanorods and triangular nanoparticles were also observed in this sample. In case of using HH as reducing agent, the addition sequence of chemicals into the reaction mixture affected the size and the aggregation state of AgNPs significantly. A bimodal size distribution of mostly quasi-spherical nanoparticles with average sizes of 8.1  4.1 and 60.1  21.5 nm were obtained when HH/NaOH solution was added to AgNO3. When AA was used as a reducing agent, relatively larger quasi-spherical AgNPs with a lower polydispersity and an average size of 78.0  22.2 nm were synthesized.

Keywords

• Silver Nanoparticles
• Chemical Reduction Method
• Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Yarı Küresel Gümüş Nanopartiküllerin Farklı İndirgeyiciler Kullanarak Kimyasal İndirgeme Yöntemiyle Sentezi

Öz

Gümüş nanopartiküller, yüzey plazmon rezonans özellikleri sayesinde yüzeyde güçlendirilmiş Raman spektroskopisi (SERS) gibi moleküler tespit uygulamaları için büyük bir potansiyele sahiptir. Gümüş nanopartiküllerin yüzey plazmon rezonansı tane boyutu, boyut dağılımı, agregasyon derecesi ve tane şekli ile yakından ilişkilidir. Bu nedenle, SERS sinyallerinde optimum güçlendirmenin elde edilebilmesi için gümüş nanopartiküllerin şekil ve boyut kontrollü sentezi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, gümüş nanopartiküller üç farklı indirgeyici (trisodyum sitrat (TSC), askorbik asit (AA) and hidroksilamin hidroklorür (HH)) kullanarak kimyasal indirgeme yoluyla sentezlenmiştir. Sentezlenen gümüş nanopartiküller, tane şekli, boyutu, boyut dağılımı ve agregasyon/aglomerasyon derecesi açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Buna göre, 34 mM TSC’nin indirgeyici olarak kullanıldığı durumda çoğunlukla yarı-küresel şekilli, ortalama tane boyutu 71.6  20.9 nm olan gümüş nanopartiküller elde edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, yarı-küresel tanelerin yanı sıra, az sayıda da olsa nano-çubuk ve üçgensel nanopartiküller oluştuğu da görülmüştür. İndirgeyici olarak HH kullanıldığında, kimyasalların reaksiyon karışımına eklenme sıralaması nanopartiküllerin tane boyutunu ve aglomerasyon derecesini önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. HH/NaOH çözeltisinin AgNO3 çözeltisi üzerine eklenmesi durumunda, ortalama tane boyutu 8.1  4.1 ve 60.1  21.5 nm olan iki farklı tane boyut dağılımına sahip yarı-küresel gümüş nanopartiküller elde edilmiştir. İndirgeyici olarak AA kullanıldığında ise, diğer numunelere kıyasla nispeten daha büyük ortalama tane boyutuna (78.0  22.2 nm); ancak, daha dar tane boyut dağılımına sahip yarı-küresel gümüş nanopartiküller sentezlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gümüş nanopartiküller
• Kimyasal indirgeme metodu
• Yüzeyde güçlendirilmiş Raman spektroskopisi

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