PRODUCTION AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF Ti3AlC2/Ti3C2 INCORPORATED EPOXY COMPOSITES

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 3, 632 - 644, 01.09.2019

Derya Kapusuz

https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.613882

Öz

Epoxy resins have been extensively used in a
wide range of industrial applications owing to their superior properties like
good electrical insulation, adhesiveness and high mechanical strength. They
have moderate viscosity and curing temperatures lower than 200 °C, thus have
been ideal candidates for protective coatings in electronic, aerospace and
marine industries. In order to combine superior properties of epoxy with
enhanced mechanical strength for bulk, structural applications, various
nanomaterials including clays and graphite have been incorporated into epoxy
resins. However, sufficient level of enhancement in mechanical strength and
thermal resistance could not be provided due to excessive agglomeration of
nanosized particles. Agglomeration limited the wettability of particles by the
monomer, leading to decreased polymerization efficiency at the
polymer-reinforcer interface. In this study, the aluminum layer in Ti₃AlC₂
(MAX (312); ternary carbides), was chemically etched leaving a layered
structure possessing graphene-like electrical conductivity (Ti₃C₂)
with good mechanical strength. Both, MAX and MXene were incorporated into epoxy
monomer at identical ratios. The incorporation of Ti₃C₂
layers resulted in disappearance of (002) peak in XRD analysis. This indicated
the delamination of MXene layers inside epoxy matrix. The glass transition
temperature (T_g) of epoxy shifted from 175 to 180 °C and 183 °C
by 4 wt. % incorporation of MAX and MXene respectively. The microhardness
increased from 18.9 ± 1.8 to 27.5 ± 5 when 4 wt. % MXene, and to 20.6 ± 2.9 when 4 wt. % MAX incorporated. This study indicates
that it is possible to produce highly reinforced MXene/epoxy composites and use
them in structural applications while the agglomeration is prevented.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Layered carbide, epoxy, MAX, MXene, composite

Destekleyen Kurum

TUBITAK 2214

Teşekkür

Author acknowledges Prof. Dr. Michel W. Barsoum and TUBITAK 2214 (International Research Fellowship) Program. Author also acknowledges Prof. Dr. Giuseppe Palmese for providing DMA analysis equipment.

Ti3AlC2/Ti3C2 Katkılanmış Epoksi Kompozitlerinin Üretimi

Öz

Epoksi
reçineler, iyi elektrik yalıtımı, yüksek yapışkanlık ve mekanik mukavemet gibi
üstün özellikleri sayesinde endüstride geniş bir uygulama yelpazesinde yaygın
olarak kullanılmaktadır. Orta derecede viskoziteye ve 200 °C' nin altında kür
sıcaklığına sahiptirler. Böylece elektronik, havacılık ve denizcilik
endüstrilerinde koruyucu kaplamalar için ideal adaylardır. Epoksinin üstün
özelliklerini yüksek mekanik mukavemet ile birleştirerek yapısal uygulamalarda
kullanabilmek için killer ve grafit gibi çeşitli nanomalzemeler ile
desteklenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, nano-boyutlu yapıların aşırı topaklanması
nedeniyle mekanik özellikler ve ısıl dayanımında yeterli artış sağlanamamıştır. Topaklanma
parçacıkların monomer tarafından ıslatılabilirliğini sınırlandırarak polimer
matris ile destek parçacıkları ara yüzünde polimerleşme verimini düşürmüştür.
Bu çalışmada, Ti₃AlC₂ (MAX 312) yapısında bulunan alüminyum
(Al) tabakası dağlanarak grafen benzeri iletkenliğe sahip 2-boyutlu Ti₃C₂
tabakaları (MXene) elde edilmiştir. Her iki yapı, MAX ve MXene, eşit
oranlarda epoksi monomerine katkılanarak polimerleştirilmiştir. mL- (çok
tabakalı) MXene katkılanan numunelerin XRD analizlerinde (002) pikinin
kaybolduğu görülmüştür. Bu durum, MXene tabakalarının delamine olduğunun göstergesidir.
Ağ. %4 oranında MAX ve MXene katkılandığında epoksinin cam geçiş sıcaklığı (T_g)
173 °C'den sırasıyla
180 ve 183 °C’ye
yükselmiştir. Ağ. %4
oranında MXene katkılandığında epoksi mikrosertliği 18,9 ± 1,8 HV’den 27,5 ± 5 HV’e, Ağ. %4 oranında MAX
katkılandığında ise 20,6 ± 2,9 HV’e yükselmiştir. Bu
çalışma topaklanmanın önlenerek, yüksek katkılı MXene/epoksi kompozitlerinin üretilebileceğini
ve yapısal uygulamalarda kullanılabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tabakalı karbür, epoksi, MAX, MXene, kompozit

Kaynakça

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