Research Article
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LAND ADMINISTRATION AND ITS DIGITAL SHIFT IN BANGLADESH AND TÜRKİYE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 132 - 146, 01.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1510287

Abstract

This study has focused on the land administration practices in Bangladesh and Türkiye, covering existing state, institutional structure and relevant policies followed in the past two decades. A major focus has been given to the shift from manual to digital land administration practices in both countries. By using an explanatory qualitative analysis through secondary based data and information, it has found that the governments of Bangladesh and Türkiye are aiming to make the country’s land management system fully digitalised and bring land services to the doorsteps of people to ensure proper land utilisation/entitlement as per targets of Sustainable Development Goals. It has found that Bangladesh is achieving progress, but the desired progress is not satisfactory, whereas Türkiye is achieving successive progress and now considered is one of the best practised countries in the world. The country is making significant contribution in its economy through land management practices. Digital land administration practices of Türkiye are now in reality while Bangladesh is a way of reality and seems very challenging as it requires robust administration and sufficient human resource mobilisation. Bangladesh also needs a centralised administrative system, more user friendly one stop services, capacity building activities, and modern technology-based practices. Finally, a robust governance system by ensuring land crime prevention and redress is a vital need for both countries.

Ethical Statement

Author declares that this study is completely original by adhering to all ethical rules including authorship, citation, and data reporting.

References

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  • M.M Ahsan, Environmentally Induced Migration on Selected Coastal Areas in Bangladesh and United States of America, Department of Political Sciences and Public Administration, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • M.M. Ahsan, “Urban Governance in Turkish Global Competitive Cities: A Study on Right to the City Perspective”, Journal of Civilization Studies, vol. 7, no. 2, pp.14-27. 2022. DOI: 10.52539/mad.1161732
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  • A. Barkat, and P. Roy, “Political Economy of Land Litigation in Bangladesh: A Case of Colossal National Wastage.” Dhaka: ALRD & Nijera Kori, 2004.
  • Department of Laws and Resolutions, Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye. Available: https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/yayinlar/2021/TC_Anayasasi_ve_TBMM_Ic_Tuzugu_Ingilizce.pdf, 2019
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  • O. Ercan, “A closer look at Turkish cadastre and its successful completion”, Land Use Policy, vol. 110. 2020.
  • O. Ercan, “Land Management Paradigm: Global Agenda and the Case in Türkiye”, Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol.10, no.3, pp.793–806. 2022. doi: 10.36306/konjes.1143000.
  • O. Ercan, “Agricultural land-based functional model for effective rural land management in Türkiye”, Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024
  • O. Ercan, “Evolution of the cadastre renewal understanding in Türkiye: A fit-for-purpose renewal model proposal”, Land Use Policy, vol. 131., 2023.
  • GED- General Economics Division., Eighth Five Year Plan (July 2020-June 2025). Accessed: 17 August 2022. [online]. Available: https://oldweb.lged.gov.bd/UploadedDocument/UnitPublication/1/1166/8FYP.pdf.
  • GDLRC- General Directorate of Land Registry and Survey, Law on Organisation and Duties of the Directorate General of Land and Cadastre. 2010. https://www.tkgm.gov.tr/node/4231 [Accessed: 1 March 2019].
  • GDLRC., Annual Report. Accessed: 13 April 2020. [online]. Available: https:// www.tkgm.gov.tr/sites/default/files/icerik_ekleri/btdb_2019_faliyet_raporu_0.pdf. 2019.
  • GDLRC., Land Registry and Cadastre Information System (TAKBIS), Accessed: 20 April 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.tkgm.gov.tr/en/land-registry-and-cadastre-information-system-takbis 2024.
  • C. Heider, and A. Connelly, Why Land Administration Matters for Development. Available: https://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/blog/why-land-administration-matters-development, 2016
  • M. Hülya and M.M. Ahsan. “Share Errors of Land Registry in Türkiye”. Turkish Journal of Land Management, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp.66-78.
  • S. Khan, Digital land management on the cards. The Financial Express. October 30, 2020. Available: https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/digital-land-management-on-the-cards-1601738172.
  • Landbrugsrådet., Agriculture in Denmark: Facts and Figures 2008. Danish Agriculture and Danish Agricultural Council. 2008.
  • S. Mahalaya, Impact evaluation of agriculture research in Papua, Indonesia using the sustainable livelihood framework. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Adelide, Australia.
  • S.M. Mahmood and M.M. Ahsan, Involuntary Relocation Process of Local People due to Private Land Development Projects: A Study of Eastern Fringe Area of Dhaka City. In ISBS 2019 Arzuhan Gültekin (Ed.), pp.337-348. London: IntechOpen. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.87812
  • F. Masum, “Rural land management in Bangladesh: problems and prospects”, Geomatics, Land management and Landscape, Vol. 4, pp. 79–93, 2017.
  • Mol-Ministry of Land., An Overview of Present Land Administration and Management in Bangladesh. Accessed: 1 November 2023. Available: http://minland.gov.bd/site/page/6d032730-5948-4022-91a4-da20d2caa520/ এক-নজরে-বর্তমান-ভূমি-প্রশাসন-ও-ব্যবস্থাপনা , 2023
  • Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, The Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. Accessed: 26 March 2023, http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-367/section-24590.html#:~:text=Rights%20to%20property-,42.,save%20by%20authority%20of%20law, 2019.
  • M. Moniruzzaman, “Digitizing Land Administration and Standards in Bangladesh”. [PowerPoint slides]. Accessed: 12 November 2023. Available: https://geospatialworldforum.org/speaker/presentions2022/land-administration/Digitizing-and-administration-and-standards-in-bangladesh-Mohd_Moniruzzaman.pdf , 2022.
  • OGM-Orman Genel Mudurluğu,. 2020 Türkiye Orman Varlığı. Accessed: 1 November 2023. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/ormanlarimiz-sitesi/TürkiyeOrmanVarligi/Yayinlar/2020%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20Orman%20Varl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1.pdf
  • A. Olmez, Turkish national spatial data infrastructure project & related projects. Accessed: 12 November 2023. https://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/psa/activities/2009/azerbaijan/presentations/34.pdf , 2009
  • S. Raihan, M. J.E. Jalal, E. Sharmin and M. A., Eusuf, Chapter 9: Institutional challenges in land administration and management in Bangladesh. Accessed: 8 June, 2022. Available: https://edi.opml.co.uk/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/09-Land_21052020-edited-v2.pdf. 2020.
  • R. Sultana, Smart Land Services. Accessed: 1 April 2024, Available: https://pressinform.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/pressinform.portal.gov.bd/page/50aa82ee_7a92_4aa7_817b_bb323c098833/2024-02-29-03-37-21fe8f67b0e8e9db041d99b618745278.pdf ,2024.
  • TIB- Transparency International Bangladesh., Land Management and Services in Bangladesh: Governance Challenges and Way-forward. TIB, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2015
  • R. D. Tirumala and P. Tiwari, “Importance of Land in SDG Policy Instruments: A Study of ASEAN Developing Countries”, Land, vol. 11 no.2, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020218
  • TURKSTAT- Türkiye Statistical Institution, Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, Accessed 1 June, 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=49685 , 2022
  • A.M. Uisso, Y., Tanrıvermiş, M. M. Ahsan, and H. Tanrıvermiş, Revisiting land distribution policies among land-based sectors in Tanzania, African Journal on Land Policy and Geospatial Sciences, vol. 5, no.4, pp. 735-752, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48346/IMIST.PRSM/ajlp-gs.v5i4.33875.
  • UN- United Nations. SDG indicator metadata. Accessed: 6 June 2020. Available: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-01-04-02.pdf , 2020.
  • World Bank. Doing Business 2019. Accessed: 16 May 2021, Available: https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/doingBusiness/media/Annual-Reports/English/DB2019-report_web-version.pdf. 2019.
  • World Bank. Ease of Doing Business in Türkiye, Accessed: 16 May 2021, Available: https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/data/exploreeconomies/Türkiye#DB_rp. 2020.
  • World Bank, Arable land (hectares per person). Accessed: 2 April 2024. Available: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.HA.PC?locations=TR , 2024a.
  • World Bank, Agricultural land (% of land area), Accessed: 2 April 2024, Available: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.HA.PC?locations=TR., 2024b.
  • World Bank, World Development Indicators, Accessed: 11 November 2024, Available: https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=2&country=bgd
  • H. G. Sürmeneli and M. Alkan, “Towards standardisation of Turkish cadastral system using LADM with 3D cadastre”, Survey Review, 53, pp. 543–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2020.1855700
  • H. G. Sürmeneli, “Comparative Performance Analysis of Türkiye's Land Management System Using SWOT Analysis Method”, Vol. 7 No. 1, 7th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism, 2024
  • M. Hülya and M M Ahsan. “Türkiye’de Tapu Sicilinde Hisse Hataları”, Türkiye Arazi Yönetimi Dergisi, Vol. 3 ıssue. 2, pp. 66-78. 2021
  • FAO, UNECE and FIG. “Digital transformation and land administration – Sustainable practices from the UNECE region and beyond”. FIG Publication No. 80. Rome. 88 pp. FAO, UNECE and FIG. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc1908en.
Year 2025, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 132 - 146, 01.03.2025
https://doi.org/10.36306/konjes.1510287

Abstract

References

  • M. Z. Adlı, Land Administration in Türkiye. Accessed: 1 October 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.clge.eu/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/clge-istanbul-2019-EN.pdf
  • M.M. Ahsan, and M.H. Rahman, “Environmental Impact of Rapid Urban Growth in Dhaka Megacity: A Case Study of Bhatara Union". In Dhaka Metropolitan Development Area and Its Planning Problems, Issues and Policies, Sarwar Jahan & A K M Abul Kalam. Bangladesh Institute of Planners, pp. 99-109.
  • M.M Ahsan, Environmentally Induced Migration on Selected Coastal Areas in Bangladesh and United States of America, Department of Political Sciences and Public Administration, Ankara University, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • M.M. Ahsan, “Urban Governance in Turkish Global Competitive Cities: A Study on Right to the City Perspective”, Journal of Civilization Studies, vol. 7, no. 2, pp.14-27. 2022. DOI: 10.52539/mad.1161732
  • M. Akter, “Digitalization in the Land Service Delivery: Comparison between Bangladesh and Indonesia”, Southeast Asia: A Multidisciplinary Journal, vol. 22 No. 1, pp.79-91. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEAMJ-01-2022-B1006
  • BBS- Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Population and Housing Census 202, National report Vol. 1. https://bbs.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/bbs.portal.gov.bd/page/b343a8b4_956b_45ca_872f_4cf9b2f1a6e0/2024-01-31-15-51-b53c55dd692233ae401ba013060b9cbb.pdf
  • A. Barkat, and P. Roy, “Political Economy of Land Litigation in Bangladesh: A Case of Colossal National Wastage.” Dhaka: ALRD & Nijera Kori, 2004.
  • Department of Laws and Resolutions, Constitution of the Republic of Türkiye. Available: https://www5.tbmm.gov.tr/yayinlar/2021/TC_Anayasasi_ve_TBMM_Ic_Tuzugu_Ingilizce.pdf, 2019
  • EC – European Commission., Screening report Türkiye. Chapter 11 – Agriculture and Rural Development. Available: http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/enlargement/countries/Türkiye/index_en.htm (2008-08-04), 2006.
  • O. Ercan, “Improvement of Current Cadastral System and Recent Developments in Türkiye”. [PowerPoint slides]. Accessed: 5 February 2024. [Online]. Available: http://fig.netwww.fig.net/resources/proceedings/2019/08_com7/0808_1_Türkiye.pdf, 2019
  • O. Ercan, “A closer look at Turkish cadastre and its successful completion”, Land Use Policy, vol. 110. 2020.
  • O. Ercan, “Land Management Paradigm: Global Agenda and the Case in Türkiye”, Konya Journal of Engineering Sciences, vol.10, no.3, pp.793–806. 2022. doi: 10.36306/konjes.1143000.
  • O. Ercan, “Agricultural land-based functional model for effective rural land management in Türkiye”, Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2024
  • O. Ercan, “Evolution of the cadastre renewal understanding in Türkiye: A fit-for-purpose renewal model proposal”, Land Use Policy, vol. 131., 2023.
  • GED- General Economics Division., Eighth Five Year Plan (July 2020-June 2025). Accessed: 17 August 2022. [online]. Available: https://oldweb.lged.gov.bd/UploadedDocument/UnitPublication/1/1166/8FYP.pdf.
  • GDLRC- General Directorate of Land Registry and Survey, Law on Organisation and Duties of the Directorate General of Land and Cadastre. 2010. https://www.tkgm.gov.tr/node/4231 [Accessed: 1 March 2019].
  • GDLRC., Annual Report. Accessed: 13 April 2020. [online]. Available: https:// www.tkgm.gov.tr/sites/default/files/icerik_ekleri/btdb_2019_faliyet_raporu_0.pdf. 2019.
  • GDLRC., Land Registry and Cadastre Information System (TAKBIS), Accessed: 20 April 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.tkgm.gov.tr/en/land-registry-and-cadastre-information-system-takbis 2024.
  • C. Heider, and A. Connelly, Why Land Administration Matters for Development. Available: https://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/blog/why-land-administration-matters-development, 2016
  • M. Hülya and M.M. Ahsan. “Share Errors of Land Registry in Türkiye”. Turkish Journal of Land Management, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp.66-78.
  • S. Khan, Digital land management on the cards. The Financial Express. October 30, 2020. Available: https://thefinancialexpress.com.bd/views/digital-land-management-on-the-cards-1601738172.
  • Landbrugsrådet., Agriculture in Denmark: Facts and Figures 2008. Danish Agriculture and Danish Agricultural Council. 2008.
  • S. Mahalaya, Impact evaluation of agriculture research in Papua, Indonesia using the sustainable livelihood framework. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Adelide, Australia.
  • S.M. Mahmood and M.M. Ahsan, Involuntary Relocation Process of Local People due to Private Land Development Projects: A Study of Eastern Fringe Area of Dhaka City. In ISBS 2019 Arzuhan Gültekin (Ed.), pp.337-348. London: IntechOpen. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.87812
  • F. Masum, “Rural land management in Bangladesh: problems and prospects”, Geomatics, Land management and Landscape, Vol. 4, pp. 79–93, 2017.
  • Mol-Ministry of Land., An Overview of Present Land Administration and Management in Bangladesh. Accessed: 1 November 2023. Available: http://minland.gov.bd/site/page/6d032730-5948-4022-91a4-da20d2caa520/ এক-নজরে-বর্তমান-ভূমি-প্রশাসন-ও-ব্যবস্থাপনা , 2023
  • Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, The Constitution of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. Accessed: 26 March 2023, http://bdlaws.minlaw.gov.bd/act-367/section-24590.html#:~:text=Rights%20to%20property-,42.,save%20by%20authority%20of%20law, 2019.
  • M. Moniruzzaman, “Digitizing Land Administration and Standards in Bangladesh”. [PowerPoint slides]. Accessed: 12 November 2023. Available: https://geospatialworldforum.org/speaker/presentions2022/land-administration/Digitizing-and-administration-and-standards-in-bangladesh-Mohd_Moniruzzaman.pdf , 2022.
  • OGM-Orman Genel Mudurluğu,. 2020 Türkiye Orman Varlığı. Accessed: 1 November 2023. https://www.ogm.gov.tr/tr/ormanlarimiz-sitesi/TürkiyeOrmanVarligi/Yayinlar/2020%20T%C3%BCrkiye%20Orman%20Varl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1.pdf
  • A. Olmez, Turkish national spatial data infrastructure project & related projects. Accessed: 12 November 2023. https://www.unoosa.org/documents/pdf/psa/activities/2009/azerbaijan/presentations/34.pdf , 2009
  • S. Raihan, M. J.E. Jalal, E. Sharmin and M. A., Eusuf, Chapter 9: Institutional challenges in land administration and management in Bangladesh. Accessed: 8 June, 2022. Available: https://edi.opml.co.uk/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/09-Land_21052020-edited-v2.pdf. 2020.
  • R. Sultana, Smart Land Services. Accessed: 1 April 2024, Available: https://pressinform.portal.gov.bd/sites/default/files/files/pressinform.portal.gov.bd/page/50aa82ee_7a92_4aa7_817b_bb323c098833/2024-02-29-03-37-21fe8f67b0e8e9db041d99b618745278.pdf ,2024.
  • TIB- Transparency International Bangladesh., Land Management and Services in Bangladesh: Governance Challenges and Way-forward. TIB, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2015
  • R. D. Tirumala and P. Tiwari, “Importance of Land in SDG Policy Instruments: A Study of ASEAN Developing Countries”, Land, vol. 11 no.2, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/land11020218
  • TURKSTAT- Türkiye Statistical Institution, Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, Accessed 1 June, 2023, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=49685 , 2022
  • A.M. Uisso, Y., Tanrıvermiş, M. M. Ahsan, and H. Tanrıvermiş, Revisiting land distribution policies among land-based sectors in Tanzania, African Journal on Land Policy and Geospatial Sciences, vol. 5, no.4, pp. 735-752, 2022. DOI: https://doi.org/10.48346/IMIST.PRSM/ajlp-gs.v5i4.33875.
  • UN- United Nations. SDG indicator metadata. Accessed: 6 June 2020. Available: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/metadata/files/Metadata-01-04-02.pdf , 2020.
  • World Bank. Doing Business 2019. Accessed: 16 May 2021, Available: https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/doingBusiness/media/Annual-Reports/English/DB2019-report_web-version.pdf. 2019.
  • World Bank. Ease of Doing Business in Türkiye, Accessed: 16 May 2021, Available: https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/data/exploreeconomies/Türkiye#DB_rp. 2020.
  • World Bank, Arable land (hectares per person). Accessed: 2 April 2024. Available: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.HA.PC?locations=TR , 2024a.
  • World Bank, Agricultural land (% of land area), Accessed: 2 April 2024, Available: https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/AG.LND.ARBL.HA.PC?locations=TR., 2024b.
  • World Bank, World Development Indicators, Accessed: 11 November 2024, Available: https://databank.worldbank.org/reports.aspx?source=2&country=bgd
  • H. G. Sürmeneli and M. Alkan, “Towards standardisation of Turkish cadastral system using LADM with 3D cadastre”, Survey Review, 53, pp. 543–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2020.1855700
  • H. G. Sürmeneli, “Comparative Performance Analysis of Türkiye's Land Management System Using SWOT Analysis Method”, Vol. 7 No. 1, 7th International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism, 2024
  • M. Hülya and M M Ahsan. “Türkiye’de Tapu Sicilinde Hisse Hataları”, Türkiye Arazi Yönetimi Dergisi, Vol. 3 ıssue. 2, pp. 66-78. 2021
  • FAO, UNECE and FIG. “Digital transformation and land administration – Sustainable practices from the UNECE region and beyond”. FIG Publication No. 80. Rome. 88 pp. FAO, UNECE and FIG. https://doi.org/10.4060/cc1908en.
There are 46 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Land Management
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Md Moynul Ahsan 0000-0003-0822-3850

Publication Date March 1, 2025
Submission Date July 4, 2024
Acceptance Date January 21, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

IEEE M. M. Ahsan, “LAND ADMINISTRATION AND ITS DIGITAL SHIFT IN BANGLADESH AND TÜRKİYE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS”, KONJES, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 132–146, 2025, doi: 10.36306/konjes.1510287.