Civil-Military Relations In Turkish Politics, 15th July And The Issue Of Religious Groups

Yıl 2018, 15 Temmuz ve Türkiye Demokrasisi Özel Sayısı, 27 - 42, 15.07.2018

Halil Peçe İlhan Bilici

Öz

Civil-military relations have
always remained an important dynamic of Turkish politics. The Turkish military
have taken initiatives, at various periods, to arguably bring civil administrations
to reason by intervening in politics. As a result of that continuous
interventions, various coups or coup attempts have taken place so far. Although
the way in which these coups or coup attempts have occurred outside
conventional methods of the military, the military elite have been successful
in reaching the desirable outcome. One of the most significant recent indicence
in terms of civil-military relations is obviously facilitated on 15^th
July 2016 when a coup attempt was initiated by FETO organization that consists
of military personnel nested in the army. Since this vicious attempt, the
discussions around civil-military relations have re-emerged and the issue of
religious groups in the country have been, once again, the main focus in
various lights. This paper offers a debate on how to deal with the 15^th
July coup attempt in relation with religious groups. It also goes on to address
civil-military relation up to now. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Turkish Political Life, Coups, July 15, Religious Groups

Türk Siyasal Hayatında Asker-Sivil İlişkileri, 15 Temmuz Ve Dinî Gruplar Meselesi

Öz

Türk siyasal
hayatında asker-sivil ilişkileri her dönem önem arz etmiştir. Ordu belirli aralıklarla
sivil yönetimi “yola getirme” noktasında insiyatif alıp siyasete müdahil olmuş
ve bunun neticesinde darbeler meydana gelmiştir. Her ne kadar bu darbeler her
zaman geleneksel askeri metotlar çerçevesinde gerçekleşmese de askeri elitler,
istenen sonuca ulaşma bağlamında etkili olmuşlardır. Asker-sivil ilişkilerinde
önemli en son gelişme 15 Temmuz 2016 tarihinde ordu içine yuvalanmış FETÖ
örgütü eliyle gerçekleşen darbe girişimidir. Bu darbe girişimi neticesinde
asker-sivil ilişkilerine dair tartışmaların yeniden hararet kazanması
yanında,  dini gruplar meselesi farklı
boyutlarıyla ele alınmaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışma Türk siyasal hayatındaki
asker-sivil ilişkilerine değinmenin yanında, 15 Temmuz darbe girişiminin dinî gruplar
boyutuyla nasıl ele alınması gerektiğine dair bir tartışmaya kapı açmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Türk Siyasal Hayatı, Darbeler, 15 Temmuz, Dinî gruplar

Kaynakça

• Akıncı, Abdulvahap (2013), “Türk Siyasal Hayatında 1980 Sonrası Darbeler ve E-Muhtıra”, Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Vol.15, No:2, ss.39-58.
• Alemdar, Zeynep (2014), “Modelling for Democracy Turkey’s Historical Issues with Freedom of Speech”, Middle Eastern Studies, Vol.50, No: 4, ss. 568-588.
• Arslan, Ali (2005), “The evaluation of parliamentary democracy in Turkey and Turkish political elites”, Historia Actual Online, Vol.3, No: 6, ss. 131-141.
• Aydın, Mustafa (1996), “Türkiye’de Din Sosyolojisi Çalışmaları: Tarihsel Gelişim ve Bazı Eğilimler”, Din Sosyolojisi, (Der. Aktay, Yasin-Köktaş, M. Emin), Vadi Yayınları, İstanbul.
• Barany, Zoltan (2015), “Exits from Military Rule: Lessons for Burma”, Journal of Democracy, Vol.26, No: 2, ss. 86-100.
• Bunce, Valerie (2000), “Comparative democratization – Big and bounded generalizations”, Comparative Political Studies, Vol.33, No: 6-7, ss. 703-734.
• Bunce, Valerie (2003), “Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist Experience”, World Politics, Vol.55, No: 2, ss. 167-192.
• Capezza, David (2009), “Turkey’s Military Is a Catalyst for Reform”, Middle East Quarterly, Vol.16, No: 3, ss.13-23.
• Frank, Etim ve Ukpere, Wilfred (2012), “The Impact of Military Rule on Democracy in Nigeria”, Journal of Social Sciences, Vol.33, No: 3, ss. 285-292.
• Geddes, Barbara (1999), “What do we know about democratization after twenty years?”, Annual Review of Political Science, Vol.2, ss. 115-144.
• Geddes, Barbara (2007), “What causes democratization?”, The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics, (Der. Boix, C.-Stokes, S.C), Oxford University Press, Oxford, ss.317-339.
• Haggard, Stephan, ve Kaufman, Robert (1997), “The Political Economy of Democratic Transitions”, Comparative Politics, Vol.29, No: 3, ss. 263-283.
• Harris, S. Georges (2011), “Military Coups and Turkish Democracy, 1960-1980”, Turkish Studies, Vol.12, No: 2, ss. 203-213.
• Heper, Metin (2005), “The European Union, the Turkish Military and Democracy”, South European Society and Politics, Vol.10, No: 1, ss. 33-44.
• Heper, Metin (2011), “Civil-Military Relations in Turkey: Toward a Liberal Model?”, Turkish Studies, Vol.12, No: 2, ss. 241-252.
• Karabelias, Gerassimos (1998), ‘Civil-Military Relations: a Comparative Analysis of the Role of the Military in the Political Transformation of Post-war Turkey and Greece: 1980-1995’ http://www.nato.int/acad/fellow/96-98/karabeli.pdf (22.04.2016).
• Kemal, Ahmet (1984), “Military rule and the future of democracy in Turkey”, MERIP Reports, Vol.14, No: 3, ss. 12-15.
• Lovell, W. David (2009), “The Challenges of Turkish Democracy”, https://helda.helsinki.fi/bitstream/handle/10138/15257/45_Lovell.pdf?sequence=1 (09.10.2016).
• Mango, Andrew (1983), “Turkey: Democracy under Military Tutelage”, World Today, Vol.39, No: 11, ss. .429-435.
• McLaren, Lauren ve Cop, Burak (2011), “The Failures of Democracy in Turkey: A Comparative Analysis”, Government and Opposition, Vol.46, No: 4, ss. 485-516.
• Mohapatra, K. Aswini (2011) , “Turkey’s Transition to Liberal Democracy and the Issue of its EU Membership”, India Quarterly, Vol.67, No: 2, ss. 149-164.
• Özbudun, Ergun (2000), “Contemporary Turkish Politics: Challenges to Democratic Consolidation”, Lynne Rienner Publishers, London.
• Rouleau, Eric (2000), “Turkey’s Dream of Democracy”, Foreign Affairs, Vol.79, No: 6, ss. 100-114.
• SETA (2017), “İddaanamelerde 15 Temmuz Darbe Girişimi ve FETÖ”, https://setav.org/assets/uploads/2017/07/Rapor87.pdf (10.10.2017).