<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>ktpp dergisi</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1302-7840</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2667-8225</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Kıbrıs Ruh Sağlığı Enstitüsü</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.35365/ctjpp.21.2.12</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Clinical Psychology</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Klinik Psikoloji</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <article-title>The Relationship between Intolerance of Uncertainty and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Levels of Nursing Students during the Covid-19 Outbreak</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Şentürk</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sibel</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BURDUR MEHMET AKİF ERSOY UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Bakır</surname>
                                    <given-names>Nazife</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BURDUR MEHMET AKİF ERSOY UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20210619">
                    <day>06</day>
                    <month>19</month>
                    <year>2021</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>3</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>97</fpage>
                                        <lpage>105</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20210405">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>05</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20210520">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>20</month>
                        <year>2021</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2000, Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2000</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>This study was conducted to determine the relationship between Turkish nursing students’ intolerance of uncertainty and their depression, anxiety and stress levels during the COVID-19 outbreak. This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted between 18 and 29 May 2020, with the participation of 506 students. The data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS-12) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). It was found that the participants had a mean total IUS-12 score of 37.18±10.10. When the subscales of DASS-21 were examined, the participants’ mean scores were found to be 13.20±5.87 for the ‘depression’ sub-scale, 10.76±3.94 for the ‘anxiety’ sub-scale and 14.21±5.90 for the ‘stress’ sub-scale. It was ascertained that there were statistically significant differences in the mean scores obtained by the participants in the overall IUS-12 and DASS-21 sub-scales on the basis of the variables of ‘the nursing students’ academic achievements’ and ‘how the nursing students felt during the COVID-19 pandemic’ (p&amp;lt;0.05). It was discerned that there was a weak positive statistically significant relationship between the mean scores obtained in the overall IUS-12 and those obtained in the DASS-21 sub-scales (p&amp;lt;0.01). As the nursing students’ intolerance of uncertainty increased, their depression, anxiety and stress levels also went up. Psychological counseling should be offered to nursing students to prevent them from having mental disorders, to identify their mental issues and to help them cope with these mental problems.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Nursing Student</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Intolerance of Uncertainty</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Depression</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Anxiety</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Stress</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                                                    </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Antony, M. M., Bieling, P. J., Cox, B. J., Enns, M. W., &amp; Swinson, R. P. (1998). Psychometric properties of the 42-item and 21-item versions of the depression anxiety stress scales in clinical groups and a community sample. Psychological Assessment, 10(2), 176–181.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bakioğlu, F., Korkmaz, O., &amp; Ercan, H. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 and positivity: mediating role of intolerance of uncertainty, depression, anxiety, and stress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-14.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bostan, S., Erdem, R., Öztürk, Y. E., Kılıç, T. &amp; Yılmaz, A. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the Turkish Society. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 17(6), em237.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Cao, W., Fang, Z., Hou, G., Han, M.,  Xu, X., Dong, J., &amp; Zheng, J. (2020). The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China, Psychiatry Research 287, 112934.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Carleton, R. N., Sharpe, D., &amp; Asmundson, G. J. G. (2007). Anxiety sensivity and intolerance of uncertainity: requisites of the fundamental fears? Behavior Research and Therapy, 45, 2307–2316.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Druss, B. G. (2020). Addressing the COVID-19 pandemic in populations with serious mental illness. JAMA Psychiatry, 77(9), 891-892.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ekiz, T., Ilıman, E., &amp; Dönmez, E. (2020). Comparison of health anxiety level and control perception of COVID-19. International Journal of Health Management and Strategies Research, 6(1), 139-154.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Erkut, E. (2020). Higher education after COVID-19. Journal of Higher Education, 1-9.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Garfin, D. R., Silver, R. C., &amp; Holman, E. A. (2020). The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: amplification of public health consequences by media exposure. Health Psychology, 39(5), 355–357.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Harper, C. A., Satchell, L. P., Fido, D., &amp; Latzman, R. D. (2020). Functional fear predicts public health compliance in the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 1-14.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Henry, J. D., &amp; Crawford, J. R. (2005). The short-form version of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS-21): construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 44(2), 227-39.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y.I., …….. &amp; Cao, B. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395 (10223), 497–506.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Huang, L.,  Xu, F.,  &amp; Liu, H. (2020). Emotional responses and coping strategies of nurses and nursing college students during COVID-19 outbreak. MedRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.05.20031898</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kamal, N. M., &amp; Othman, N. (2020). Depression, anxiety, and stress in the time of COVID-19 pandemic in Kurdistan region, Iraq. Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research, 5(3), 37-44.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karadağ, E., &amp; Yücel, C. (2020). Distance education at universities during the novel coronavirus pandemic: an analysis of undergraduate students’ perceptions. Journal of Higher Education, 1-12.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kılınçel, Ş., Kılınçel, O., Muratdagı, G., Aydın, A., Usta, Miraç Barış. (2020a). Factors affecting the anxiety levels of adolescents in home-quarantine during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.12406.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kılınçel, Ş., Tuncer Issı, Z., Kılınçel, O., Akpınar Aslan, E., Ay, R., Erzin, G., …….&amp; Akkaya, C. (2020b). Effects of coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on health anxiety levels of healthcare professionals. Journal of Contemporary Medicine, 10(3), 312-318.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kozloff, N., Mulsant, B. H., Stergiopoulos, V., &amp; Voineskos, A. N. (2020). The COVID-19 global pandemic: implications for people with schizophrenia and related disorders. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 46(4), 752-757.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kürtüncü, M., &amp; Kurt, A. (2020). Problems of nursing students in distance education in the COVID-19 pandemia period. Eurasian Journal of Researches in Social and Economics, 7(5), 66-77.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Liu, J., Zhu, Q., Fan,W., Makamure, J., Zheng, C., &amp; Wang, J. (2020). Online mental health survey in a medical college in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 1-6.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Liu, X., Liu, J., &amp; Zhong, X. (2020). Psychological state of college students during COVID-19 epidemic. SSRN Electronic Journal, https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3552814.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lee, J. (2020). Mental health effects of school closures during COVID-19. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 4(6), 421.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lovibond, P. F., &amp; Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: comparison of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) with the Beck depression and anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Dosil-Santamaria, M., Picaza-Gorrochategui, M., &amp; Idoiaga-Mondragon, N. (2020). Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cadernos De Saúde Pública, 36(4), 1-9.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pragholapati, A. (2020). COVID-19 impact on students. EdArXiv Preprints, 1-6.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. (2021). Current Situation in Turkey. Retrieved May 19, 2021, from Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health website: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sarıçam, H., Erguvan, F. M., Akın, A., &amp; Akça, M. Ş. (2014). The Turkish short version of the intolerance of uncertainty (IUS-12) scale: the study of validity and reliability. Route Educational and Social Science Journal, 1(3), 148–157.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Satici, B., Gocet-Tekin, E., Deniz, M. E., &amp; Satici, S. A. (2020a). Adaptation of the fear of COVID-19 scale: its association with psychological distress and life satisfaction in Turkey. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction, 1-9.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Satici, B., Saricali, M., Satici, S. A., &amp; Griffiths, M. D. (2020b). Intolerance of uncertainty and mental wellbeing: serial mediation by rumination and fear of COVID-19. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-12.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Savitsky, B., Findling, Y., Ereli, A., &amp; Hendel, T. (2020). Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurse Education in Practice, 46, 1-7.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Taylor, S., Landry, C., Paluszek, M., Fergus, T. A., Mckay, D., &amp; Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020). Development and initial validation of the COVID stress scales. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 72, 102232.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xiu, L., Ho, C.S., &amp; Ho, R. C. (2020).  Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 1729.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">WHO. (2021). Coronavirus. Retrieved May 19, 2021, from World Health Organization (WHO) website: https://www.who.int/health -topics/coronavirus#tab=tab_1</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wright, K. D., Adams Lebell, M. A. N., &amp; Carleton, R. N. (2016). Intolerance of uncertainty, anxiety sensitivity, health anxiety, and anxiety disorder symptoms in youth. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 41, 35-42.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Xiao, C. (2020). A novel approach of consultation on 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19)-related psychological and mental problems: structured letter therapy. Psychiatry Investigation 17(2), 175–176.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yao, H., Chen, J-H., &amp; Xu, Y-F. (2020). Patients with mental health disorders in the COVID-19 epidemic. The Lancet Psychiatry, 7(4), 21.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yıldız, B., &amp; Güllü, A. (2018). The relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and alexithmia and investigation by some socio-demographic variables. Journal of Educational Sciences, 9(1), 113-131.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yılmaz, Ö., Boz, H., &amp; Arslan, A. (2017). The validity and reliability of depression stress and anxiety scale (DASS21) Turkish short form. Research of Financial Economic and Social Studies, 2(2), 92–104.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhang, W. R., Wang, K., Yin, L., Zhao, W. F., Xue, Q., Peng, M. ……&amp; Wang, H-x. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic, 1-9.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhu, H., Wei, L., &amp; Niu, P. (2020). The novel coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Global Health Research and Policy, 5(6), 1-3.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
