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Effects of Transformational and Transactional Leadership and Leader-Member Exchange on Teachers’ Organizational Citizenship Behaviors

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 7 - 36, 01.02.2012

Öz

Background: A major concern of organizational theorists and practitioners is organizational effectiveness. Quite essential for achieving this is the willingness of employees to go beyond the the call of duty i.e. formal job or role description. This extra mile is termed organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) (Bolino & Turnley, 2000, s. 60-71). Organ (1988) defines OCB as “individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and in the aggregate promotes the efficient and effective functioning of the organization.” As such “the behavior is not enforceable, but rather a matter of personal choice, and its omission is not generally punishable.” The willingness of organization members to go beyond the call of duty is considered to be one of the biggest factors contributing to organizational success and effectiveness. Schools are no exception. It is basically school administration's responsibility to promote such extra role behavior among teachers and such an undertaking calls for strong leadership on the part of school principals. There is considerable amount of research (Bass, 1985, 1997, 1999; Bass & Avolio, 1990; Bycio, Hackett & Allen, 1995; Hater & Bass, 1988; Podsakoff, MacKenzie, Moorman & Fetter, 1990 in Nguni, Sleegers, & Denesen, 2006) associating transformational leadership, among other leadership styles and transactional leadership, with OCB. Yet equally important as principal leadership is the quality of leadermember (principal-teacher) exchange through which leadership behaviors influence follower (teachers') performance. The best example of this perspective is the leader–member exchange (LMX) theory of leadership originated by Graen and his colleagues. LMX theory holds that leaders establish different social exchange relationships with different followers. Problem. Research shows that employee citizenship is closely related with leadership. Yet equally important as leadership behaviors and styles is the perceived quality of the relationship between the leader and the follower (Podsakoff, MacKenzie, & Bommer, 1996). Perceptions regarding the quality of the leader-member exchange strengthen the influence of leadership and as such exert significant influence on OCB (Piccolo & Colquit, 2006). High quality leader-member exchange reflects a loyalty of both parties to the relationship readily bringing about unwritten expectations to reciprocate through higher performance. Consequently leader-member exchange is believed to be a moderating variable in the Dönüşümsel ve Etkileşimsel Liderlik ile Lider-Üye Etkileşimi relationship between (transformational and transactional) leadership and organizational citizenship behavior (Wang, Law, Hackett, Wang, & Chen, 2005). In the light of the discussions presented above, this study aims to find out; 1. the level of OCB that primary school teachers in cosmopolitan Ankara schools display, 2. the influence of transformational and transactional principal leadership on teachers' organizational citizenship, 3. the influence of transformational and transactional principal leadership on the quality of principal-teacher exchange, and finally 4. the influence of the quality of principal-teacher exchange on teachers' OCBs. Method. The universe of the reseach consists of primary school teachers in 6 metropolitan districts of Ankara: Altındağ, Çankaya, Etimesgut, Keçiören, Mamak and Yenimahalle. According to the official statistics of district education authorities there are a total of 478 primary schools and 18320 teachers working at these schools as of the academic year 2009-2010. Sample of the study comprised of teachers working at 30 primary schools - 5 randomly selected primary schools from each district. Following due legal procedures, research was carried out between March and June 2010. In the first and pilot phase, questionnaires were given to 352 teachers and reliability and validity of batteries was computed. In the second phase questionnaires were distributed to teachers working at 30 specified schools. 659 questionnaire sheets were collected and analyzed. The first questionnaire was Multi-Factor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) developed by Bass and Avolio, the second questionnaire was Leader- Member-Exchange Multi-Dimensional Scale-12 (LMX-MDM-12) developed by Liden and Maslyn (1998) and the third questionnaire was Organizational Citizenship Scale adapted to Turkish by Basım and Şeşen (2006).Collected data were analyzed using LISREL. Findings. Findings of the study show that teachers display a moderate level of organizational citizenship behavior on average and in terms of factors teachers display higher levels of conscientiousness with lower level of standard deviation; meaning possibly that such behavior is more deeply ingrained in teachers' professional identity. There exists a significant positive relationship between principals' transformational leadership and both leader-member exchange and teachers' organizational citizenship. The Şahin Çetin, Mehmet Korkmaz & Cahit Çakmakçı relationship between principals' transactional leadership and leadermember exchange and teachers' organizational citizenship is significant yet negative. Further analysis into the effects of factors of transactional leadership on principal-teacher exchange and teachers' organizational citizenship show that management by exceptions (passive) and laissez-faire leadership have a significant and negative effect on both variables. Management by exceptions (active) has a significant and negative effect on principal-teacher exchange but its effect on OCB is not significant.Contingent reward has a significant and positive effect on both leadermember exchange and teacher citizenship. Finally leader-member exchange has a significant and positive effect on teacher citizenship. Discussion. The modarate level of organizational citizenship displayed by teachers could be interpreted as a sign of a less-than-desired level of belongingness towards the organization they are working for. Yet relatively higher levels of conscientiousness (with again a lower standard deviation) could hint that it is the organizations (i.e. schools) rather than the profession per se to which they feel less-than-desired levels of belongingness. Because conscientious behaviors seem to have become a part of teachers' professional identity. Another significant finding of the study is the positive organizational outcomes with which transformational leadership is associated in contrast to the negative organizational outcomes that transactional leadership brings about. Transformational leadership improves relationships among the teachers as well as the relationship between the principal and teacher. As a result teachers feel more inclined to devote extra effort for each other and for the organization. Transactional leadership on the other hand is not perceived by teachers as a desirable form of leadership. Especially such passive behaviors of transactional leaders as management by exceptions and laissez-faire (or non) leadership deteriorate relationships among teachers and undermine teachers' willingness to perform extra role behaviors for the principal and for each other. As such these two leadership behaviors seem to be the worst forms of leadership and principals should be cautioned to avoid assuming such a passive style of leadership. Finally, by proving that the quality of principal-teacher exchange has a positive effect on teacher citizenship, the study provides scientific evidence for the intuition that a person does not mind working harder for a superior he/she personally likes.

Kaynakça

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  • Allison, B. J., Voss, R. S., & Dryer, S. (2001). Student classroom and career success: The role of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Education for Business, 76(5), 282-288.
  • Aubrey, K., & Chelladurai, P. (2001). Perceived transformational leadership, organizational commitment, and citizenship behavior: A case study in intercollegiate athletics. Journal of Sport Management, 15, 135-159.
  • Arslantaş, C. C. ve Pekdemir, I. (2007). Dönüşümcü liderlik, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ve örgütsel adalet arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemeye yönelik görgül bir araştırma. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 261-286.
  • Asgari, A., Silong, A. D., Ahmad, A., & Abu Sama, B. (2008). The relationship between transformational leadership behaviors, leader-member exchange and organizational citizenship behaviors. European Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 140-151.
  • Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999). Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72(4), 441-462.
  • Barbuto, J. E. (2005). Motivation and transactional, charismatic, and transformational leadership: A test of antecedents. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 11(4), 26-40.
  • Barksdale, K., & Werner, J. M. (2001). Managerial ratings of in-role behaviors, organizational citizenship dehaviors and overall performance: Testing different models of their relationship. Journal of Business Research, 51, 145-155.
  • Basım, H. N. ve Şeşen, H. (2006). Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ölçeği uyarlama ve karşılaştırma çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 61(4), 83-102.
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  • Bingöl, D., Naktiyok, A. ve İşcan, Ö. F. (2003,). Dönüştürücü liderliğin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerine etkisi. 11. Ulusal Yönetim Organizasyon Kongresi, 22-24 Mayıs 2003. Afyon.
  • Cevrilioğlu, E. (2007). Lider-üye etkileşimi ile bireysel ve örgütsel sonuçları arasındaki ilişki: Ampirik bir inceleme (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Afyon.
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Dönüşümsel ve Etkileşimsel Liderlik ile Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisi

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1, 7 - 36, 01.02.2012

Öz

Bu çalışma, ilköğretim okulu öğretmenlerinin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ile okul müdürlerinin dönüşümsel ve etkileşimsel liderliğinin ve öğretmenlerle geliştirdikleri etkileşimin bu davranış üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Çalışmaya Ankara ili merkez ilçelerindeki ilköğretim okullarında görev yapan 659 öğretmen katılmıştır. Değişkenler arasındaki doğrudan ve dolaylı ilişkileri açıklamak için Path analizi kullanılmıştır. Ulaşılan bulgular öğretmenlerin orta düzeyde örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı sergilediğini göstermektedir.Dönüşümsel liderlik müdür ile öğretmenler arasındaki ilişkinin niteliğini ve öğretmenlerin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışını güçlü bir biçimde olumlu etkilemektedir. Etkileşimsel liderliğin müdür-öğretmen arasındaki etkileşim ve öğretmenlerin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisi anlamlı ve olumsuzdur. Müdür-öğretmen etkileşiminin öğretmenlerin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisi anlamlı ve olumludur.

Kaynakça

  • Acar, Z. A. (2006). Örgütsel yurttaşlık davranışı: kavramsal gelişimi ile kişisel ve örgütsel etkileri. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 7(1), 1-14.
  • Allison, B. J., Voss, R. S., & Dryer, S. (2001). Student classroom and career success: The role of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Education for Business, 76(5), 282-288.
  • Aubrey, K., & Chelladurai, P. (2001). Perceived transformational leadership, organizational commitment, and citizenship behavior: A case study in intercollegiate athletics. Journal of Sport Management, 15, 135-159.
  • Arslantaş, C. C. ve Pekdemir, I. (2007). Dönüşümcü liderlik, örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ve örgütsel adalet arasındaki ilişkileri belirlemeye yönelik görgül bir araştırma. Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 261-286.
  • Asgari, A., Silong, A. D., Ahmad, A., & Abu Sama, B. (2008). The relationship between transformational leadership behaviors, leader-member exchange and organizational citizenship behaviors. European Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4), 140-151.
  • Avolio, B. J., Bass, B. M., & Jung, D. I. (1999). Re-examining the components of transformational and transactional leadership using the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72(4), 441-462.
  • Barbuto, J. E. (2005). Motivation and transactional, charismatic, and transformational leadership: A test of antecedents. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 11(4), 26-40.
  • Barksdale, K., & Werner, J. M. (2001). Managerial ratings of in-role behaviors, organizational citizenship dehaviors and overall performance: Testing different models of their relationship. Journal of Business Research, 51, 145-155.
  • Basım, H. N. ve Şeşen, H. (2006). Örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı ölçeği uyarlama ve karşılaştırma çalışması. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 61(4), 83-102.
  • Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B.J. (1995). Manual for MLQ-Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire. CA: Mind Garden.
  • Basu, R., & Green, S. R. (1997). Leader-member exchange and transformational leadership: An empirical examination of innovative behaviors in leader-member dyads. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 27, 477–499.
  • Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Job satisfaction and the good soldier: The relationship between affect and employee “citizenship”. Academy of Management Journal, 26(4), 587-595.
  • Bergeron, D. (2007). The potential paradox of organizational citizenship behavior: Good citizens at what cost? Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1078-1095.
  • Bingöl, D., Naktiyok, A. ve İşcan, Ö. F. (2003,). Dönüştürücü liderliğin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerine etkisi. 11. Ulusal Yönetim Organizasyon Kongresi, 22-24 Mayıs 2003. Afyon.
  • Cevrilioğlu, E. (2007). Lider-üye etkileşimi ile bireysel ve örgütsel sonuçları arasındaki ilişki: Ampirik bir inceleme (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Afyon.
  • Çelik, M. (2007). Örgüt kültürü ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı – Bir uygulama (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Atatürk Üniversitesi, Erzurum.
  • Dienesch, R. M., & Liden, R. C. (1986). Leader-member exchange model of leadership: A critique and further development. Academy of Management Review, 11(3), 618-634.
  • Dilek, H. (2005). Liderlik tarzlarının ve adalet algısının; örgütsel bağlılık, iş tatmini ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerine etkilerine yönelik bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Gebze.
  • Dipaola, M. F., & Hoy, W. K. (2005). Organizational citizenship of faculty and achievement of high school students. High School Journal, 88(3), 35-45.
  • Dipaola, M., & Moran, T-M. (2001). Organizational citizenship behavior in schools and its relation to school climate. Journal of School Leadership, 11,
  • Ehrhart, M. G. (2004). Leadership and procedural justice climate as antecedents of unit-level organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 57, 61-94.
  • Elgamal, M. A. (2004). The direct and mediating effects of transactional and transformational leadership: A comparative approach. Journal of Transnational Management Development, 9(2-3), 148-169.
  • Erdem, F. S. (2008). Organizasyonlarda lider-üye etkileşiminin örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkilerinde, izlenim yönetimi davranışının rolü: Kayseri’de hizmet sektöründe bir araştırma (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Erciyes Üniversitesi, Kayseri.
  • Esnard, C., & Jouffre, S. (2008). Organizational citizenship behavior: Social valorization among pupils and the effect on teachers’ judgments. European Journal of Psychology of Education, XXIII(3), 255-274.
  • Farh, J-L., Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1990). Accounting for organizational citizenship behavior: leader fairness and task scope versus satisfaction. Journal of Management, 16(4), 705-721.
  • Garg, P., & Rastogi, R. (2006). Climate profile and OCBs of teachers in public and private schools of India. International Journal of Educational Management, 20(7), 529-541.
  • Greenberg, J., & Baron, R.A. (2000). Behavior in organizations. NewJersey: Prentice-Hall.
  • Hartog, D. N., Van Muijen, J. J., & Kopman, P. L. (1997). Transactional versus transformational leadership: An analysis of the MLQ. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70(1), 18-32.
  • Howell, J. M., & Hall-Merenda, K. E. (1999). The ties that bind: The impact of leader-member exchange, transformational and transactional leadership, and distance on predicting follower performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 680-694.
  • Kalaycı, G. S. (2007). Örgütsel güven ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Afyon.
  • Karambayya, R. (1990). Contextual predictors of organizational citizenship behavior, The Academy of Management Proceedings, 221-225. Web: http://web.ebscohost.com adresinden 22.05.2009’da alınmıştır.
  • Karip, E. (1998). Dönüşümcü liderlik. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 3(16), 443-465.
  • Kidwell, R. E., Mossholder, K. W., & Bennett, N. (1997). Cohensiveness and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Management, 23(6), 775-793.
  • Koh, W. L., Steers, R. M., & Terborg, J. R. (1995). The effects of transformational leadership on teacher attitudes and student performance in Singapore. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 16, 319-333.
  • Korkmaz, M. (2005). Duyguların ve liderlik stillerinin öğretmenlerin performansı üzerinde etkisi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, (43), 401-422.
  • Korkmaz, M. (2007). Örgütsel sağlık üzerinde liderlik stillerinin etkisi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, (49), 57-91.
  • Koys, D. J. (2001). The effects of employee satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, and turnover on organizational effectiveness: A unit- level longitudinal study. Personnel Psychology, 54, 101-114.
  • Krishnan, V. R.(2005). Leader-member exchange, transformational leadership, and value system. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 10(1). http://ejbo.jyu.fi/pdf/ejbo_vol10_no1_pages_14-21.pdf adresinden 12.02.2009 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Kuşculuoğlu, S. (2008). Yönetici-çalışan ilişki kalitesinin çalışan iş tatmini ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı üzerindeki etkisinde adalet, güvenilirlik, güven eğilimi ve güvenin rolü (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Marmara Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • Liang, S. K., Ling, H. C., & Hsieh, S. Y. (2007). The mediating effects of leader-member exchange quality to influence the relationship between paternalistic leadership and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of American Academy of Business, 10(2), 127-137.
  • Liden, R. C., & Maslyn, J. M. (1998). Multidimensionality of leader-member exchange: An empirical assessment through scale development. Journal of Management, 24(1), 43-72.
  • Lo, M. C., Ramayah, T., & Hui, J.K.S. (2006). An investigation of leader member exchange effects on organizational citizenship behavior in Malaysia. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/ mi_qa5495/is_200601/ai_n21406788/ adresinden 13.05.2009’da alınmıştır.
  • MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Fetter, R. (1993). The impact of organizational citizenship behavior on evaluations of salesperson performance. Journal of Marketing, 57, 70-80.
  • MacKenzie, S. B., Podsakoff, P. M., & Rich, G. A. (2001). Transformational and transactional leadership and salesperson performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 29(2), 115-134.
  • Nguni, S., Sleegers, P., & Denesen, E. (2006). Transformational and transactional leadership effects on teachers’ job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior in primary schools: The Tanzanian case. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 17(2),
  • Omar, Z., Zainal, A., Omar, F., & Khairudin, R. (2009). The influence of leadership behaviour on organisational citizenship behaviour in self- managed work teams in Malaysia. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 7(1). http://www.sajhrm.co.za adresinden 13.05.2010 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Organ, D.W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
  • Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995). A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48, 775-802.
  • Ortiz, L. (1999). A comprehensive literature review of organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior: Is there a connection to international business and cross-cultural research? http://www.sbaer.uca.edu/research/sribr/1999/22.pdf adresinden 12.04.2010 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Piccolo, R. F., & Colquitt, J. A. (2006). Transformational leadership and job behaviors: The mediating role of core job characteristics. Academy of Management Journal, 49(2), 327-340.
  • Pillai, R., Schriesheim, C. A., & Williams, E. S. (1999). Fairness perceptions and trust as mediators for transformational and transactional leadership: A two-sample study. Journal of Management, 25(6), 897-933.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (1997). Impact of organizational citizenship behavior on organizational performance: A review and suggestions for future research. Human Performance, 10(2), 133-151.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., & Bommer, W. H. (1996). Transformational leader behaviors and substitutes for leadership as determinants of employee satisfaction, commitment, trust, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Management, 22(2), 259- 298.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513–563.
  • Purvanova, R. K., Bono, J. E., & Dzieweczynsky, J. (2006). Transformational leadership, job characteristics, and organizational citizenship performance. Human Performance, 19(1), 1-22.
  • Schlechter, A. F., & Engelbrecht, A. S. (2006). The relationship between transformational leadership, meaning and organisational citizenship behaviour. Management Dynamics, 15(4), 2-16.
  • Spoelstra, S. (2009). Transformational leadership: Scientific concept or management concept. The Academy of Management Proceedings, 2009.
  • Taşcı, S. K. (2007). Öğretmenlerin kişilik özellikleri ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Afyon.
  • Topaloğlu, G. (2005). Dönüştürücü liderlik ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı arasındaki ilişki (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi), Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü, Gebze.
  • Truckenbrodt, Y. (2000). The relationship between leader-member exchange and commitment and organizational citizenhip behavior (Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi). Nova Southern University, Fort Lauderdale-Davie, FL, USA.
  • Twigg, N. W. (2004). Transformational leadership, perceived union support, and union citizenship behaviors: A social exchange and social identity perspective (Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi). Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA.
  • Van Dyne, L., Graham, J. W., & Dienesch, R. M. (1994). Organizational citizenship behavior: construct redefinition, measurement and validation. Academy of Management Journal, 37(4), 765-802.
  • Vigoda-Gadot, E. (2006). Leadership style, organizational politics, and employees’ performance: An empirical examination of two competing models. Personnel Review, 36(5), 661-683.
  • Wang, H., Law, K. S., Wang, D. X., & Chen, Z. X. (2001). The linkage role of LMX: A mediating effect of LMX on the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance and OCB. MGTO Working Papers. http://hdl.handle.net/1783.1/671 adresinden 20.08.2008 tarihinde alınmıştır.
  • Wang, H., Law, K. S., Hackett, R. D., Wang, D., & Chen, Z. X. (2005). Leader- member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and followers’ performance and organizational citizenship behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 420-432.
  • Yafang, T., & Shih-Wang, W. (2008). The relationship among job satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior and turnover intention. In 2008 Northeast Decision Sciences Institute Meeting, Brooklyn, NY.
  • Yılmaz, K., & Çokluk-Bökeoğlu, O. (2008). Organizational citizenship behaviors and organizational commitment in Turkish primary schools. World Applied Sciences Journal, 3(5), 775-780.
  • Yılmaz, K., & Taşdan, M. (2009). Organizational citizenship and organizational justice in Turkish primary schools. Journal of Educational Administration, 47(1), 108-126.
  • Yücel, G. F. (2006). Öğretmenlerde mesleki tükenmişlik ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı (Yayımlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi). Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi, Afyon.
Toplam 69 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Şahin Çetin Bu kişi benim

Mehmet Korkmaz Bu kişi benim

Cahit Çakmakçı Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Şubat 2012
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2012 Cilt: 1 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Çetin, Ş., Korkmaz, M., & Çakmakçı, C. (2012). Dönüşümsel ve Etkileşimsel Liderlik ile Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisi. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 1(1), 7-36.
AMA Çetin Ş, Korkmaz M, Çakmakçı C. Dönüşümsel ve Etkileşimsel Liderlik ile Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi. Şubat 2012;1(1):7-36.
Chicago Çetin, Şahin, Mehmet Korkmaz, ve Cahit Çakmakçı. “Dönüşümsel Ve Etkileşimsel Liderlik Ile Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi 1, sy. 1 (Şubat 2012): 7-36.
EndNote Çetin Ş, Korkmaz M, Çakmakçı C (01 Şubat 2012) Dönüşümsel ve Etkileşimsel Liderlik ile Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi 1 1 7–36.
IEEE Ş. Çetin, M. Korkmaz, ve C. Çakmakçı, “Dönüşümsel ve Etkileşimsel Liderlik ile Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisi”, Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, c. 1, sy. 1, ss. 7–36, 2012.
ISNAD Çetin, Şahin vd. “Dönüşümsel Ve Etkileşimsel Liderlik Ile Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi 1/1 (Şubat 2012), 7-36.
JAMA Çetin Ş, Korkmaz M, Çakmakçı C. Dönüşümsel ve Etkileşimsel Liderlik ile Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi. 2012;1:7–36.
MLA Çetin, Şahin vd. “Dönüşümsel Ve Etkileşimsel Liderlik Ile Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisi”. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, c. 1, sy. 1, 2012, ss. 7-36.
Vancouver Çetin Ş, Korkmaz M, Çakmakçı C. Dönüşümsel ve Etkileşimsel Liderlik ile Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Öğretmenlerin Örgütsel Vatandaşlık Davranışı Üzerindeki Etkisi. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi. 2012;1(1):7-36.