Sütçü Sığırlarda Klinik ve Subklinik Ketozis ile İlişkili Üreme Performansı, Süt Verim Parametreleri ve Bazı Postpartum Hastalıklar

Yıl 2023, , 588 - 596, 31.12.2023

Ahmet Özer Cambaz , Gökhan Bozkurt

https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.1360051

Öz

Negatif enerji dengesi (NEB), süt sığırlarında gebelikten laktasyona geçiş sırasında ortaya çıkan fizyolojik bir durumdur. Bu geçiş dönemi, kuru madde alımındaki azalma ve süt üretimi için artan enerji ihtiyacı ile ilişkilidir. Ketozis, sıklıkla doğumdan hemen sonra ortaya çıkan bir metabolik bozukluktur ve düşük glukoz seviyeleri, azalmış karaciğer glikojeni ve artan keton cisimcikleri konsantrasyonları ile karakterizedir. Bu çalışma, subklinik ve klinik ketozise sahip ineklerde ketozisin süt verimine, üreme parametrelerine ve postpartum metabolik hastalıklara etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlamıştır. Çalışma, ikinci ve üçüncü laktasyon dönemlerindeki 267 sağlıklı, gebe Holstein ineklerini kapsamaktadır. Gruplar, doğum sonrası üçüncü gün beta-hidroksibütirat (BHBA) seviyelerine göre oluşturuldu. Gruplar, kontrol (BHBA < 1.2 mmol/dL), subklinik ketozis (BHBA = 1.2-2.4 mmol/dL) ve klinik ketozis (BHBA > 2.4 mmol/dL) gruplarından oluşmaktadır. Sonuçlar, doğum sırasında daha yüksek vücut kondisyon skorlarının (VKS) doğum sonrası ketozis riski ile ilişkilendirildiğini göstermiştir (p<0.001). Subklinik ketozis, gebelik başına daha fazla tohumlama (p<0.01), servis periyodunun uzaması (p<0.001) ve ilk tohumlama gebelik oranlarında düşüşe (p>0.05) yol açmıştır. Klinik ketozis grubunun pik süt verimine ulaşma süresinin daha uzun olduğu (p<0.001) ve daha yüksek pik süt verimine (p<0.01) sahip olduğu görüldü. Klinik ketozis olan ineklerde septik metritis insidansı (p<0.01) daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, çalışmada ketozisin, üreme parametreleri, süt verimi ve metabolik hastalık insidansı üzerinde olumsuz etkilere sahip olduğunu görüldü. Ayrıca, süt sığırlarının geçiş döneminde ketozis riskini değerlendirmede ve yönetmede VKS’nin önemi vurgulandı. Çalışmanın daha fazla hayvan materyali ve daha fazla parametre ile değerlendirmesinin daha anlamlı sonuçlar verebileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

sığır, besleme, mastitis, metritis, negatif enerji dengesi

Reproductive Performance, Milk Yield Parameters, and Some Postpartum Diseases That Are Associated with Clinical And Subclinical Ketosis in Dairy Cows

Öz

Negative energy balance (NEB) is a physiological state that arises during the transition from pregnancy to lactation in dairy cows. This transition period is associated with a decline in dry matter intake and an increased demand for energy sources for milk production. Ketosis, a metabolic disorder, often emerges shortly after calving and is characterized by reduced glucose levels, depleted liver glycogen, and elevated ketone body concentrations. The study aimed to investigate the impacts of ketosis on milk yield, reproductive parameters, and postpartum metabolic diseases in cows with subclinical and clinical ketosis. The study involved 267 healthy pregnant Holstein dairy cows in the second and third lactation periods. Groups were formed based on postpartum third-day beta-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) levels. The groups included control (BHBA < 1.2 mmol/dL; n=101), subclinical ketosis (BHBA = 1.2-2.4 mmol/dL; n=90), and clinical ketosis (BHBA > 2.4 mmol/dL; n=76) groups. Results indicated that higher body condition scores (BCS) during calving were associated with an increased risk of postpartum ketosis (p<0.001). Subclinical ketosis led to a higher number of inseminations per pregnancy (p<0.01), extended service periods (p<0.001), and decreased pregnancy rates at first insemination (p>0.05). It was observed that the clinical ketosis group had a longer time to reach peak milk yield (p<0.001) and a higher peak milk yield (p<0.01). The incidence of septic metritis was found to be higher in cows with clinical ketosis (p<0.01). Consequently, the study revealed that ketosis has negative effects on reproductive parameters and the incidence of metabolic diseases. Additionally, the importance of BCS in assessing and managing the risk of ketosis in dairy cows during the transition period was emphasized. It is believed that further evaluation of the study with more animal material and additional parameters could yield more meaningful results.
Key Words: cattle, feeding, mastitis, metritis negative energy balance

Anahtar Kelimeler

cattle, feeding, mastitis, metritis negative energy balance

Etik Beyan

All procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee (AEC) at Burdur Mehmet Akif University, Turkiye (No: 113/1147)

Destekleyen Kurum

None

Teşekkür

This study was summarised by the first author’s high graduate thesis.

Kaynakça

• Azawi, O. I. (2008). Postpartum uterine infection in cattle. Animal Reproduction Science, 105(3-4), 187-208. Bell, A. W. (1995). Regulation of organic nutrient metabolism during transition from late pregnancy to early lactation. Journal of Animal Science, 73(9), 2804-2819.
• Bremmer, D. (2002, January). Monitoring subclinical ketosis in transition dairy cows. Minnesota Dairy Health Conference.
• Compton, C. W. R., McDougall, S., Young, L., & Bryan, M. A. (2014). Prevalence of subclinical ketosis in mainly pasture-grazed dairy cows in New Zealand in early lactation. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 62(1), 30-37.
• Drackley, J. K. (2008). Steady as she goes: rethinking dry cow nutrition. In Mid-South Ruminant Nutrition Conference (pp. 9-16).
• Drackley, J. K., Overton, T. R., & Douglas, G. N. (2001). Adaptations of glucose and long-chain fatty acid metabolism in liver of dairy cows during the periparturient period. Journal of Dairy Science, 84, E100-E112.
• Duffield, T. (2000). Subclinical ketosis in lactating dairy cattle. Veterinary clinics of north America Food Animal Practice, 16(2), 231-253.
• Duffield, T. F., Lissemore, K. D., McBride, B. W., & Leslie, K. E. (2009). Impact of hyperketonemia in early lactation dairy cows on health and production. Journal of Dairy Science, 92(2), 571-580.
• Gillund, P., Reksen, O., Gröhn, Y. T., & Karlberg, K. (2001). Body condition related to ketosis and reproductive performance in Norwegian dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 84(6), 1390-1396.
• Gordon, J. L., LeBlanc, S. J., & Duffield, T. F. (2013). Ketosis treatment in lactating dairy cattle. Veterinary Clinics: Food Animal Practice, 29(2), 433-445.
• Gorelik, O. V., Harlap, S. Y., Vinogradova, N. D., Lykasova, I. A., & Belookova, O. V. (2021). Evaluation of the relationship between milk yield and the service period duration of cows. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 677, 3, 032019).
• Grummer, R. R. (1995). Impact of changes in organic nutrient metabolism on feeding the transition dairy cow. Journal of Animal Science, 73(9), 2820-2833.
• Hayirli, A., Grummer, R. R., Nordheim, E. V., & Crump, P. M. (2002). Animal and dietary factors affecting feed intake during the prefresh transition period in Holsteins. Journal of Dairy Science, 85(12), 3430-3443.
• Ingvartsen, K. L., Dewhurst, R. J., & Friggens, N. C. (2003). On the relationship between lactational performance and health: is it yield or metabolic imbalance that cause production diseases in dairy cattle? A position paper. Livestock Production Science, 83(2-3), 277-308.
• LeBlanc, S. (2010). Monitoring metabolic health of dairy cattle in the transition period. Journal of Reproduction and Development, 56(S), S29-S35.
• LeBlanc, S. J., Leslie, K. E., & Duffield, T. F. (2005). Metabolic predictors of displaced abomasum in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(1), 159-170.
• Lei, M. A. C., & Simões, J. (2021). Invited review: ketosis diagnosis and monitoring in high-producing dairy cows. Dairy, 2(2), 303-325.
• McArt, J. A. A., Nydam, D. V., & Oetzel, G. R. (2012). Epidemiology of subclinical ketosis in early lactation dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(9), 5056-5066.
• Mellado, M., García, J. E., Véliz Deras, F. G., de Santiago, M. D. L. Á., Mellado, J., Gaytán, L. R., & Ángel-García, O. (2018). The effects of periparturient events, mastitis, lameness and ketosis on reproductive performance of Holstein cows in a hot environment. Austral Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 50(1), 1-8. Nebel, R. L., & McGilliard, M. L. (1993). Interactions of high milk yield and reproductive performance in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 76(10), 3257-3268. Niehaus, A. J. (2008). Surgery of the abomasum. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 24(2), 349-358.
• Ospina, P. A., Nydam, D. V., Stokol, T., & Overton, T. R. (2010). Association between the proportion of sampled transition cows with increased nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate and disease incidence, pregnancy rate, and milk production at the herd level. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(8), 3595-3601. Quader, N., Islam, K. M. F., Jalal, S., Kumar, S., Hossain, I., Shawn, A., & Hoque, M. (2017). Investigation of clinical hypocalcaemia in cattle and goats at the selected veterinary hospitals in Bangladesh and India. Journal of Dairy Veterinary Animal Research, 5(1), 33-36.
• Ruegg P.L., & Reinemann D.J. (2002). Milk quality and mastitis tests. Bovine Practice, 36, 41–54.
• Sehested, J., Gaillard, C., Lehmann, J. O., Maciel, G. M., Vestergaard, M., Weisbjerg, M. R., & Kristensen, T. (2019). Extended lactation in dairy cattle. Animal, 13(S1), 65-74.
• Sargeant, J. M., Leslie, K. E., Shirley, J. E., Pulkrabek, B. J., & Lim, G. H. (2001). Sensitivity and specificity of somatic cell count and California Mastitis Test for identifying intramammary infection in early lactation. Journal of Dairy Science, 84(9), 2018-2024.
• Schrijver, D. (2018). Ketosis in relation to body condition score change and behaviour (Master's thesis). Schulz, K., Frahm, J., Kersten, S., Meyer, U., Reiche, D., Sauerwein, H., & Dänicke, S. (2015). Effects of elevated parameters of subclinical ketosis on the immune system of dairy cows: in vivo and in vitro results. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 69(2), 113-127.
• Seifi, H. A., LeBlanc, S. J., Leslie, K. E., & Duffield, T. F. (2011). Metabolic predictors of post-partum disease and culling risk in dairy cattle. The Veterinary Journal, 188(2), 216-220.
• Singh, A. K., & Bhakat, C. (2022). The relationship between body condition score and milk production, udder health and reduced negative energy balance during initial lactation period: A review. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science, 12(1), 1-9.
• Suthar, V. S., Canelas-Raposo, J., Deniz, A., & Heuwieser, W. (2013). Prevalence of subclinical ketosis and relationships with postpartum diseases in European dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(5), 2925-2938.
• Walsh, R. B., Walton, J. S., Kelton, D. F., LeBlanc, S. J., Leslie, K. E., & Duffield, T. F. (2007). The effect of subclinical ketosis in early lactation on reproductive performance of postpartum dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(6), 2788-2796.
• Wildman, E. E., Jones, G. M., Wagner, P. E., Boman, R. L., Troutt Jr, H. F., & Lesch, T. N. (1982). A dairy cow body condition scoring system and its relationship to selected production characteristics. Journal of Dairy Science, 65(3), 495-501.