Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Aviation Security: Illusion of Safety or Reality?

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 30.01.2019

Öz

Security is a
complicated concept where people have to be secure and also feel it. Serious
risk calculations determine the fact but also the feeling has to be included in
the policy development. Because people are generally are scared by spectacular
risks. The controllable risks seem to be less scary but the uncontrollable are
considered important. Therefore, aviation is believed to be higher than the
driving whereas the contrary is the reality. Technology and media are the two
parameters that count for the awareness of people concerning the risks.
Aviation and airline security became very important following the 9/11 attack
in USA. This attack ended up with a huge crisis and people were ready to give
up their freedoms to guarantee security. It is known that airport security was
fragmented before 9/11. It was not practiced seriously, it resembled a security
theater for the passengers and companies believed that terrorist attacks were
limited. Things have changed today. Following 9/11 the system in USA became
state controlled 50000 transportation security officers are scanning
passengers. Hardening cockpit doors, crew passenger resistance and federal air
marshal service are added to the security system. Despite all these
precautions, absolute security cannot be reached but, in any case, the
psychological parameter has always to be a matter to consider.

Kaynakça

  • Baylis, J., Smith, S. and Owens, P. (2008) The globalization of world politics: an introduction to international relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Beck, U. (1992) Risk society: towards a new modernity. London: Sage Publications. Crenshaw, W.A. (1988) 'Civil Aviation: Target for Terrorism', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 498 (1): 60-69.
  • Frederickson, H.G. and LaPorte, T.R. (2002) 'Airport Security, High Reliability, and the Problem of Rationality', Public administration review, 62 (S1): 33-43.
  • Harris, D.H. (2002) 'How to Really Improve Airport Security', Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications, 10 (1): 17-17.
  • Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (2010) Population and Demographics, http://www.ibb.gov.tr/sites/ks/tr-TR/0-Istanbul-Tanitim/konum/Pages/Nufus_ve_Demografik_Yapi.aspx, [assessed 04/22 2014].
  • Johnston, V.R. and Nath, A. (2004) 'Introduction: Terrorism and Transportation Security', Review of Policy Research, 21 (3): 255-261.
  • Justin V Hastings and Ryan J Chan (2013) 'Target Hardening and Terrorist Signaling: The Case of Aviation Security', Terrorism & Political Violence, 25 (5): 777.
  • Le Pichon, X., Taymaz, T. and Sengör, A., (1999) 'The Marmara Fault and the future Istanbul earthquake', International conference on the Kocaeli earthquake, 41-54. Martin, G. (2013) Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. (4th) London: Sage.
  • Ministry of Public Order and Citizen Protection Greece (2013) Accident Statistics, http://www.mopocp.gov.gr/main.php?lang=EN&lang=EN, [assessed 04/21 2014].
  • Nacos, B.L. (2007) Mass-mediated terrorism: the central role of the media in terrorism and counterterrorism. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Newton, K. and Van Deth, J.W. (2010) Foundations of comparative politics. Cambridge University Press. Ropeik, D. and Gray, G. (2002) Risk: A Practical Guide for Deciding What's Really Safe and What's Really Dangerous in the World Around You. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Russell, P.A. and Preston, F.W. (2004) 'Airline Security After the Event Unintended Consequences and Illusions', American Behavioral Scientist, 47 (11): 1419-1427.
  • Schneier, B. (2012) Economist Debates: Airport Security, https://www.schneier.com/essay-395.html, [assessed 04/03 2014].
  • Schneier, B. (2010) A Waste of Money and Time, https://www.schneier.com/essay-330.html, [assessed 04/03 2014].
  • Schneier, B. (2009) Is Aviation Security Mostly for Show? https://www.schneier.com/essay-299.html, [assessed 04/03 2014].
  • Schneier, B. (2008) The Psychology of Security, https://www.schneier.com/essay-155.html, [assessed 04/03 2014].
  • Schneier, B. (2005) Airline Security a Waste of Cash, https://www.schneier.com/essay-096.html, [assessed 04/03 2014].
  • Seidenstat, P. (2004) 'Terrorism, Airport Security, and the Private Sector', Review of Policy Research, 21 (3): 275-291.
  • Shoshani, A. (2008) 'The drama of media coverage of terrorism emotional and attitudinal impact on the audience', Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 31 (7): 627-640.
  • Stewart, M.G. and Mueller, J. (2008) 'Assessing the risks, costs and benefits of United States aviation security measures', Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability, University of Newcastle, Research Report, (267.04): 08.
  • Szyliowicz, J.s. (2004) 'Aviation Security: Promise or Reality?', Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 27 (1): 47-63.
  • Transportation Security Agency Transportation Security Agency, http://www.tsa.gov/, [assessed 04/12 2014].
  • Turkish National Police (2013) General accidents statistics, http://www.trafik.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Istatistikler/Genel-Kaza.aspx, [assessed 04/21 2014]. Weimann, G. and Winn, C. (1993) The theatre of terror: mass media and international terrorism. New York: Longman.
  • Zack Phillips (2007) Security Theater. Washington: Atlantic Media, Inc.

Havacılıkta Güvenlik: Gerçek mi İllüzyon mu?

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 1 - 8, 30.01.2019

Öz





Güvenlik,
insanlara sağlanan ancak aynı zamanda hissedilebilmesi gereken karmaşık bir
kavramdır. Güvenlik gereksinim oranı, risk hesaplamaları ile gerçekleşirken
politika oluşturmak kişi psikolojisi ve duygularını da hesaba katarak
gerçekleştirilmelidir. İnsanoğlu genellikle olağanüstü risklerden korkar ve
kontrol edilebilir riskler daha az korkutucu gibi görünür. Oysa gerçek risk
farklı olabilir. Örneğin hava taşımacılığı sayılara bakıldığında kara
taşımacılığından çok daha az risklidir ancak hava taşımacılığından korkulur.
Teknoloji ve medya, risklerle ilgili insanların farkındalığını sağlayan iki
önemli parametredir. ABD'de 11 Eylül saldırısının ardından havacılık ve
havayolu güvenliği medyanın da katkısı ile büyük önem kazandı. Bu saldırı
sonunda insanlar güvenliği garanti etmek için özgürlüklerinden dahi
vazgeçmeyi kabul eder duruma geldiler. Havaalanı güvenliği 11 Eylül'den önce
önemsenmeyip, yolcular için bir güvenlik tiyatrosuna benzemekte idi. Havayolu
şirketleri terörist saldırıların sınırlı olduğu kanısını paylaşırlardı. 11 Eylül'den
sonra ABD'de sistem kontrollü hale getirilerek 50 000 taşımacılık güvenlik
görevlisi yolcuları tarar hale gelmiştir. Güvenlik sistemine kokpit
kapılarının sertleştirilmesi, mürettebat-yolcu direnişi sağlanması ve federal
hava kolluk kuvvetleri hizmeti eklenmiştir. Tüm bu önlemlere rağmen, mutlak
güvenliğe ulaşılamaz olduğu anlaşılmaktadır, ancak her durumda, psikolojik
parametrenin her zaman göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği bir gerçektir.


Kaynakça

  • Baylis, J., Smith, S. and Owens, P. (2008) The globalization of world politics: an introduction to international relations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Beck, U. (1992) Risk society: towards a new modernity. London: Sage Publications. Crenshaw, W.A. (1988) 'Civil Aviation: Target for Terrorism', The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 498 (1): 60-69.
  • Frederickson, H.G. and LaPorte, T.R. (2002) 'Airport Security, High Reliability, and the Problem of Rationality', Public administration review, 62 (S1): 33-43.
  • Harris, D.H. (2002) 'How to Really Improve Airport Security', Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications, 10 (1): 17-17.
  • Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (2010) Population and Demographics, http://www.ibb.gov.tr/sites/ks/tr-TR/0-Istanbul-Tanitim/konum/Pages/Nufus_ve_Demografik_Yapi.aspx, [assessed 04/22 2014].
  • Johnston, V.R. and Nath, A. (2004) 'Introduction: Terrorism and Transportation Security', Review of Policy Research, 21 (3): 255-261.
  • Justin V Hastings and Ryan J Chan (2013) 'Target Hardening and Terrorist Signaling: The Case of Aviation Security', Terrorism & Political Violence, 25 (5): 777.
  • Le Pichon, X., Taymaz, T. and Sengör, A., (1999) 'The Marmara Fault and the future Istanbul earthquake', International conference on the Kocaeli earthquake, 41-54. Martin, G. (2013) Understanding Terrorism: Challenges, Perspectives, and Issues. (4th) London: Sage.
  • Ministry of Public Order and Citizen Protection Greece (2013) Accident Statistics, http://www.mopocp.gov.gr/main.php?lang=EN&lang=EN, [assessed 04/21 2014].
  • Nacos, B.L. (2007) Mass-mediated terrorism: the central role of the media in terrorism and counterterrorism. Lanham, Md: Rowman & Littlefield.
  • Newton, K. and Van Deth, J.W. (2010) Foundations of comparative politics. Cambridge University Press. Ropeik, D. and Gray, G. (2002) Risk: A Practical Guide for Deciding What's Really Safe and What's Really Dangerous in the World Around You. New York: Houghton Mifflin.
  • Russell, P.A. and Preston, F.W. (2004) 'Airline Security After the Event Unintended Consequences and Illusions', American Behavioral Scientist, 47 (11): 1419-1427.
  • Schneier, B. (2012) Economist Debates: Airport Security, https://www.schneier.com/essay-395.html, [assessed 04/03 2014].
  • Schneier, B. (2010) A Waste of Money and Time, https://www.schneier.com/essay-330.html, [assessed 04/03 2014].
  • Schneier, B. (2009) Is Aviation Security Mostly for Show? https://www.schneier.com/essay-299.html, [assessed 04/03 2014].
  • Schneier, B. (2008) The Psychology of Security, https://www.schneier.com/essay-155.html, [assessed 04/03 2014].
  • Schneier, B. (2005) Airline Security a Waste of Cash, https://www.schneier.com/essay-096.html, [assessed 04/03 2014].
  • Seidenstat, P. (2004) 'Terrorism, Airport Security, and the Private Sector', Review of Policy Research, 21 (3): 275-291.
  • Shoshani, A. (2008) 'The drama of media coverage of terrorism emotional and attitudinal impact on the audience', Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 31 (7): 627-640.
  • Stewart, M.G. and Mueller, J. (2008) 'Assessing the risks, costs and benefits of United States aviation security measures', Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability, University of Newcastle, Research Report, (267.04): 08.
  • Szyliowicz, J.s. (2004) 'Aviation Security: Promise or Reality?', Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 27 (1): 47-63.
  • Transportation Security Agency Transportation Security Agency, http://www.tsa.gov/, [assessed 04/12 2014].
  • Turkish National Police (2013) General accidents statistics, http://www.trafik.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Istatistikler/Genel-Kaza.aspx, [assessed 04/21 2014]. Weimann, G. and Winn, C. (1993) The theatre of terror: mass media and international terrorism. New York: Longman.
  • Zack Phillips (2007) Security Theater. Washington: Atlantic Media, Inc.
Toplam 24 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Sotirios Kalfoglou 0000-0002-3397-0789

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Ocak 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 26 Eylül 2018
Kabul Tarihi 28 Kasım 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kalfoglou, S. (2019). Aviation Security: Illusion of Safety or Reality?. Lectio Socialis, 3(1), 1-8.

Lectio Socialis is a prestigious, international, and peer-reviewed journal that aims to provide a platform for scholars and researchers to share their work and ideas on policy-relevant topics related to social sciences. The journal welcomes high-quality articles from a wide range of disciplines, including economics, political science, public administration, business administration, international relations, urban planning, sociology, psychology, history, jurisprudence, and philosophy. The primary objective of Lectio Socialis is to maintain a vibrant, independent, and unbiased environment for scholars and researchers from different parts of the world to present their research, exchange ideas, and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.

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