INTERACTIONS BETWEEN DRUGS AND THEOPHILIN, THEOB-ROMINE, CAFFEINE CONTAINING FOODS

Abstract

Drug-food interactions are frequently observed when used concomitantly. In particular, the interaction of drugs with widely consumed food containing theophylline, caffeine and theobro-mine is at the top of the list of such incidents. Theophylline, theobromine, and caffeine are often found in many foods and beverages such as tea, coffee, chocolate, cola drinks,energy drinks, icecream consumed daily have been observed to alter the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of drugs, resulting in interactions via various mechanisms, mainly through major drug carriers and enzyme systems which are responsible for drug absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion. Such interactions are highly likely to result from changes in the activities of the cytochrome P-450 enzyme system and other enzymes in the intestines and liver. Although some publications refer to the interactions between drugs and foods containing theophylline, theobromine and caffeine, limited data are available. It has often been observed that medicines lead to clinically significant interactions with theophylline and caffeine-containing foods, necessitating the need of more detailed investigation. The aim of this review is to compile interactions of drugs with theophylline, theobromine and caffeine- containing foods.

Keywords

• drug-nutrients interactions
• theophylline
• theob-romine
• caffeine
• xantine alkaloids

İLAÇLAR İLE TEOFİLİN, TEOBROMİN, KAFEİN İÇEREN BESİNLER ARASINDAKİ ETKİLEŞİMLER

Öz

İlaç-besin etkileşimleri, ilaçların genellikle besinler ile birlikte alınmaları nedeniyle sıklıkla ortaya çıkar. Özellikle teofilin, kafein ve teobromin içeren ve çok yaygın olarak tüketilen besinler ile ilaçların etkileşimleri sık karşılaşılan durumların başında gelmektedir. Teofilin, teobromin ve kafein günlük olarak tüketilen çay, kahve, çikolata, kolalı içecekler, enerji içecekleri, dondurma gibi birçok yiyecek ve içeceğin, ilaçların absorbsiyonundan, metabolizmasından, dağılımından ve atılımından sorumlu çeşitli mekanizmalar aracılığı ile ilaçların farmakokinetik ve farmakodinamik özelliklerini değiştirebilirler. Bu kapsamda besinler başlıca barsakta veya karaciğerde ilaç taşıyıcıları ve enzim sistemlerinin, örneğin sitokrom P-450 veya diğer enzimlerin aktivitelerini değiştirmektedir. Birçok kaynakta ilaçlar ile teofilin, teobromin ve kafein içeren besinler arasındaki etkileşimlerden sınırlı ve kısıtlı da olsa bahsedilmektedir. Genellikle ilaçların teofilin ve kafein içeren besinler arası klinik açıdan önemli etkile-şimlere yol açtığı gözlemlenmiş ve daha detaylı inceleme gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Bu makalede, ilaçlar ile teofilin, teobromin ve kafein içeren besinler arasındaki etkileşimler derlemiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İlaç-besin etkileşimleri
• teofilin
• teobromin
• kafein
• ksantin alkaloidleri

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