Liberal Düşünce Dergisi

1300-8781 2667-6486

Liberte Yayınları

10.36484/liberal.683338

Political Science

Siyaset Bilimi

Middle Eastern Policy of China: Continuity and Change

Çin’in Ortadoğu Politikası: Süreklilik ve Değişim

Çelik

Hatice

Ankara Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi

03 20 2020

25 97 31 46 02 01 2020 03 17 2020

1996

Liberal Düşünce Dergisi

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the policies of People’s Republic of Chinatowards Middle Eastern geography, which made itself visible in almost all areas ofmodern international system. This paper consists of three parts. In the first part,China’s rise that is being described as a “rising power” in the literature frequentlywill be discussed and the initiatives for definition and explanation for this “rise”will be touched upon. In the second part, it will be focused on how a foreign policyagenda China is creating and how it follows its agenda at the global level. In thisregard, it will be tried to understand whether China is putting a special emphasis onMiddle Eastern geography. In the third part, it will be figured out what kind of a patternChina is following regarding its Middle Eastern policy, based on which pointsChina is producing its policies and through which mechanisms China is working toimplement its prospective agenda. In the conclusion part, it will be aimed to presentthe opportunities that China has grasped considering its Middle Eastern policy andchallenges that China has faced within this geography.

Bu çalışmada 21. Yüzyılda, modern uluslararası sistemin kendini her alanında görünürkılan aktörü Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin (buradan sonra Çin veya ÇHC olarak ifadeedilecektir) Ortadoğu coğrafyasına yönelik politikaları analiz edilecektir. Çalışma üçbölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde literatürde sıklıkla yükselen güç olarak tanımlananÇin’in yükselişi tartışılacak; literatürdeki bahse konu yükselişe dair yapılantanımlama ve anlamlandırma girişimleri ele alınacaktır. İkinci bölümde Çin’in yükselişiolarak ifade edilen süreçle birlikte küresel düzeyde nasıl bir dış politika gündemioluşturduğu ve izlediği incelenerek Ortadoğu coğrafyasına ayrı bir önem verip vermediğianlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır. Üçüncü bölümde ise Çin’in Ortadoğu politikasınışekillendirirken nasıl bir yol izlediği, hangi noktaları referans alarak politika ürettiğive nasıl mekanizmalar aracılığıyla bu politikaları hayata geçirme çabasında olduğuanlaşılmaya çalışılacaktır. Sonuç kısmında, Çin’in Ortadoğu’ya yaklaşımında yakaladığıfırsatlar ve karşılaştığı/karşılaşabileceği riskler ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır.

Çin Ortadoğu dış politika enerji yükselen güç işbirliği

China Middle East Foreign Policy Rising Power Energy Cooperation

An, Jiang (2013), Mao Zedong’s “Three Worlds” Theory: Political Considerations and Value for the Times, Social Sciences in China, ss. 35-57.

Calabrese, John (2019), "China and Syria: In War and Reconstruction", Middle East Instiute, 9 June 2019, https://www.mei.edu/publications/china-and-syria-war-and-reconstruction (E.T: 21 Ocak 2020).

China’s Arab Policy Paper (2016), Beijing, China. http://english.www.gov.cn/archive/publications/2016/01/13/content_281475271412746.htm (E.T: 15 Aralık2019).

Daher, Massoud (2009), "China and the Middle East: Establishing a New", Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), 3(1), ss. 18-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/19370679.2009.12023120 (E.T: 10 Aralık 2019).

Foreign Minister Wang Yi's Comments on President Xi Jinping's Visits to Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iran and Headquarters of League of Arab States (2016, Ocak 24), Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: http://sa.china-embassy.org/eng/zt/2/t1335497.htm (E.T: 12 Aralık2019).

Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying's Regular Press Conference on January 20, 2017 (2017, Ocak 20), Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/xwfw_665399/s2510_665401/t1432311.shtml (E.T: 10 Aralık2019).

Full Text of Xi Jinping keynote speech at the United Nations Office in Geneva (2017, Ocak 18), CGTN America: https://america.cgtn.com/2017/01/18/full-text-of-xi-jinping-keynote-speech-at-the-united-nations-office-in-geneva (E.T: 15 Aralık2019).

Mao, Yufeng (2005), "Beijing’s Two-Pronged Iraq Policy", China Brief, The Jamestown Foundation: https://jamestown.org/program/beijings-two-pronged-iraq-policy/ (E.T: 16 Aralık2019).

Neill, Alexander (2014), "China and the Middle East", Adelphi Papers, ss. 205-224.

Olimat, Muhamad S. (2014), China and the Middle East Since the World War II, Maryland: Lexington Books.

Oosterveld, Willem (2017, Ağustos 25), "China in the Middle East: Testing the Waters, Linking the Lands", The Diplomat: https://thediplomat.com/2017/08/china-in-the-middle-east-testing-the-waters-linking-the-lands/ (E.T: 13 Aralık2019).

Öztürk, Selim (2018), "İran’da Silahlı Muhalefetten Demokrasi Söylemlerine:Halkın Mücahitleri Örgütü", Güvenlik Çalışmaları Dergisi, s. 2, Ankara, ss. 165-175.

Pan, Guang (1997), "China's Success in the Middle East", Middle East Quarterly, ss. 35-40. https://dev.meforum.org/373/chinas-success-in-the-middle-east

Tınas, Murat (2019), "Suriye'de Devlet ve 2011 Sonrası Otoriterliğin Direnci", Murat Tınas ve Buğra Sarı (ed.), Doğu Akdeniz'den Basra'ya Krizler ve Düzen, Ankara: Polis Akademisi Yayınları, ss. 137-148.

Qi, Ren (2019, Ağustos 20), "Chinese special envoy: Political solution only way ahead for Syria", China Daily : https://global.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201912/23/WS5e0018a4a310cf3e3557fe63.html (E.T: 13 Aralık2019).

Qian, Xuewen (2010), "China’s Energy Cooperation with Middle East Oil-producing Countries", Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), ss. 65-80.

Qian, Xuming ve Fulton, Jonathan (2017), "China-Gulf Economic Relationship under the “Belt and Road” Initiative", Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, ss. 12-21.

Saidi, Nasser (2018, Nisan 12), "China’s Belt & Road: new avenues for Middle East growth and economic diversification", The National: https://www.thenational.ae/business/economy/china-s-belt-road-new-avenues-for-middleeast-growth-and-economic-diversification-1.720919 (E.T: 14 Aralık2019).

Shichor, Yitzhak (1979), The Middle East in China's Foreign Policy: 1949-1977, London: Cambridge University Press.

Shichor, Yitzhak (2006), "Competence and Incompetence: The Political Economy of China's Relations with The Middle East", Asian Perspective, ss. 39-67.

Takahashi, Nobuo (1990), "The Chinese Communists and the Theory of Intermediate Zone during the 1950s", Japan Association of International Relations, ss. 63-78. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kokusaiseiji1957/1990/95/1990_95_63/_article (E.T: 5 Aralık2019).

Wang Yi Proposes Five Principles to Facilitate a Political Settlement of Syrian Issue (2014, Ocak 20), The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China: https://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/wjb_663304/zzjg_663340/xybfs_663590/xwlb_663592/t1124573.shtml (E.T: 12 Aralık2019).

Wang, Jinglie (2010), "Review and Thoughts over the Relationship between China and the Middle East", Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), ss. 16-39.

WFP, China conclude food aid programme for Syrian refugees (2018, Mart 14), The Jordan Times : http://www.jordantimes.com/news/local/wfp-china-conclude-food-aid-programme-syrian-refugees (E.T: 12 Aralık2019).

Zhou, Enlai (1955, April 19), Main Speech by Premier Zhou Enlai, Head of the Delegation of the People's Republic of China, Distributed at the Plenary Session of the Asian-African Conference. Digital Archive Wilson Center: https://digitalarchive.wilsoncenter.org/document/121623.pdf?v=e1cd06384e2e67bdff11f809ead78849 (E.T: 11 Aralık2019).

Zhou, Enlai (1953, Aralık 31), The Five Principles. Zhou Enlai Peace Institute: http://www.zhouenlaipeaceinstitute.org/five-principles-of-peace-2/history/ (E.T: 11 Aralık2019).

Zhu, Zhiqun (2009), "China’s New Diplomacy in the Middle East and Its Implication for the United States", Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies (in Asia), ss. 41-52.