DNA repair mechanisms in algae

Abstract

DNA repair mechanisms have been a remarkable subject in algae, as in every living organism. Continuous exposure to mutagens has led to the evolution of protection mechanisms in primary producer algae of aquatic ecosystems and various pathways have developed in multiple algae. These pathways are direct and indirect. Undoubtedly, the most studied pathway is photoreactivation and photolyase enzyme. Photoreactivation is a repair mechanism that recycles thymine dimers by occuring UV radiation in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Apart from this, there are limited findings in algae regarding O6 methyl guanine repair, another direct pathway. Mismatch repair, one of the indirect pathways, contains homologs of well-defined Echerichia coli enzymes in algae. In addition, homologs of enzymes belonging to base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair mechanisms defined in higher eukaryotes have been investigated in various algae, especially in Chlamydomonas sp. Recombinational repair is one of the indirect repair types seen in algae. In this study, a general overview of the repair mechanisms found in algae were presented.

Keywords

• photoreactivaiton
• O-6 methlyguanine repair
• mismatch
• recombinantional repair
• BER
• NER

Alglerde DNA Tamir Mekanizmaları

Öz

DNA onarım mekanizmaları, her canlı organizmada olduğu gibi alglerde de dikkat çekici bir konu olmuştur. Mutajenlere sürekli maruz kalma, sucul ekosistemlerin birincil üretici alglerinde koruma mekanizmalarının evrimleşmesine yol açmış ve birçok algde çeşitli yollar gelişmiştir. Bu yollar doğrudan ve dolaylıdır. Kuşkusuz en çok çalışılan yol fotoreaktivasyon ve fotoliyaz enzimidir. Fotoreaktivasyon, hem prokaryotik hem de ökaryotik organizmalarda UV radyasyonu oluşturarak timin dimerlerini geri dönüştüren bir onarım mekanizmasıdır. Bunun dışında, alglerde bir diğer doğrudan yol olan O6 metil guanin onarımı ile ilgili sınırlı bulgular vardır. Dolaylı yollardan biri olan yanlış eşleşme onarımı, alglerde iyi tanımlanmış Echerichia coli enzimlerinin homologlarını içerir. Ayrıca, yüksek ökaryotlarda tanımlanan baz çıkarma onarımı ve nükleotid çıkarma onarımı mekanizmalarına ait enzimlerin homologları, özellikle Chlamydomonas sp.'de olmak üzere çeşitli alglerde araştırılmıştır. Rekombinasyonel onarım, alglerde görülen dolaylı onarım türlerinden biridir. Bu çalışmada, alglerde bulunan onarım mekanizmalarına genel bir bakış sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• fotoreaktivasyon
• O-6 metil guanin onarımı
• yanlış eşleşme
• rekombinasyon onarımı
• BER
• NER

Kaynakça

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