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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>maküubd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2602-425X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.31200/makuubd.1881545</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Macroeconomics (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Makro İktisat (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>What Drives Renewable Energy Consumption in Developing Countries? Evidence from Panel Causality Analysis</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimini Belirleyen Faktörler: Panel Nedensellik Analizi</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3431-6577</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yılmaz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sultan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>English Office</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260330">
                    <day>03</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>10</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>32</fpage>
                                        <lpage>48</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260204">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>04</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260324">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2017, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2017</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study investigates the determinants of renewable energy consumption in 17 selecteddeveloping countries over the period 2000–2021. Renewable energy consumption is employedas the dependent variable, while per capita gross domestic product, foreign direct investment,urbanization, and institutional quality are used as explanatory variables. The data are obtainedfrom the World Development Indicators (WDI) and Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)databases of the World Bank. First, cross-sectional dependence and parameter heterogeneitytests are conducted, revealing substantial structural differences across countries. Second-generation panel unit root tests indicate that all variables become stationary after firstdifferencing. Given the absence of robust long-run relationships, the Dumitrescu and Hurlin(2012) panel causality test is applied to identify the direction of causality among the variables.The causality results demonstrate statistically significant causal relationships running fromeconomic growth, foreign direct investment, urbanization, and institutional quality to renewableenergy consumption. Moreover, bidirectional causality is detected from renewable energyconsumption to economic growth, urbanization, and institutional quality. However, no causalrelationship is found from renewable energy consumption to foreign direct investment. Overall,the findings suggest that renewable energy consumption is not merely an outcome influencedby macroeconomic and institutional factors but also acts as a strategic driver shaping economicgrowth and institutional dynamics.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, 2000–2021 döneminde seçilmiş 17 gelişmekte olan ülkede yenilenebilir enerjitüketiminin belirleyicilerini incelemektedir. Analizde yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi bağımlıdeğişken olarak ele alınırken; kişi başına gayrisafi yurt içi hasıla, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar,kentleşme oranı ve kurumsal kalite temel açıklayıcı değişkenler olarak kullanılmıştır.Çalışmada kullanılan veriler, Dünya Bankası’nın World Development Indicators (WDI) veWorldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) veri tabanlarından derlenmiştir. Analize geçilmedenönce ülkeler arasında yatay kesit bağımlılığı ve parametre heterojenliği test edilmiş, elde edilenbulgular ülkeler arasında önemli yapısal farklılıkların bulunduğunu göstermiştir. İkinci nesilpanel birim kök testleri, tüm değişkenlerin birinci farklarında durağan hâle geldiğini ortayakoymuştur. Uzun dönem ilişkilere dair güçlü kanıtlar elde edilememesi nedeniyle, değişkenlerarasındaki nedensellik yönünü belirlemek amacıyla Dumitrescu–Hurlin panel nedensellik testiuygulanmıştır. Ampirik bulgular, ekonomik büyüme, doğrudan yabancı yatırımlar, kentleşmeve kurumsal kaliteden yenilenebilir enerji tüketimine doğru istatistiksel olarak anlamlınedensellik ilişkileri bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca yenilenebilir enerji tüketimi ileekonomik büyüme, kentleşme ve kurumsal kalite arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkileri tespitedilirken, yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminden doğrudan yabancı yatırımlara doğru anlamlı birnedensellik ilişkisi bulunmamıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, yenilenebilir enerji tüketiminingelişmekte olan ülkelerde hem ekonomik hem de kurumsal dinamikler tarafından şekillendiğinive aynı zamanda bu süreçleri etkileyen stratejik bir unsur olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Doğrudan Yabancı Yatırımlar</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Kurumsal Kalite</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Panel Nedensellik</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Renewable Energy Consumption</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Foreign Direct Investment</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Institutional Quality</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Panel Causality</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Developing Countries</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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