Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde postbiyotik ve paraprobiyotiklerin yeri

Öz

Su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde, antibiyotiklere alternatif olarak çevre dostu yem katkı maddelerinin (probiyotik, prebiyotik, sinbiyotik) kullanımı son yıllarda hızla artmaktadır. Yeterli miktarlarda uygulandığında konakçıya sağlık açısından fayda sağlayan canlı mikroorganizmalar olarak kabul edilen probiyotik ürünlerde, üretim aşamaları sırasında ve üretimden sonra ölü hücreler ile karşılaşılabilmektedir. Buna rağmen konakçıda faydalı etkiler gösteriyor olmaları cansız mikrobiyal hücreler veya hücrelerin parçalanmasıyla oluşan hücre bileşenlerinin de etkili olabileceği ‘postbiyotik ve paraprobiyotik’ olarak ifade edilen tanımların kullanılmasını beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu derlemede, postbiyotik ve paraprobiyotik kavramlarının alternatif tanımları, postbiyotik ve paraprobiyotiklerin elde edilme yöntemleri ve su ürünleri yetiştiriciliğinde kullanım alanlarına dikkat çekilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Mikrobiyal hücreler
• Metabolitler
• Probiyotik
• Bağışıklık
• Biyoaktif bileşikler

The role of postbiotics and paraprobiotics in aquaculture

Abstract

In aquaculture, the use of environmentally friendly feed additives (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics) as an alternative to antibiotics has been rapidly increasing in recent years. In probiotic products, that are considered as living microorganisms which provide health benefits to the host when applied in sufficient quantities. Even dead cells can be encountered during the production processes and after the production. According to the fact that they can show beneficial effects on the host before and after processes has initailly led to the use of definitions 'postbiotic and parabiotic', in which non-living microbial cells or cell components formed by the breakdown of cells can also be effective. In this review, alternative definitions of postbiotic and parabiotic concepts are discussed, the methods of obtaining postbiotics and parabiotics are evaluated and their use in aquaculture are highlighted.

Keywords

• Microbial cells
• Metabolites
• Probiotic
• Immunity
• Bioactive compounds

Kaynakça

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